4-hydroxy-butyric acid

4-hydroxy-butyric acid is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class.

Cross Reference

There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.

Current reference collection contains 8613 references associated with 4-hydroxy-butyric acid in LipidPedia. Due to lack of full text of references or no associated biomedical terms are recognized in our current text-mining method, we cannot extract any biomedical terms related to diseases, pathways, locations, functions, genes, lipids, and animal models from the associated reference collection.

Users can download the reference list at the bottom of this page and read the reference manually to find out biomedical information.


Here are additional resources we collected from PubChem and MeSH for 4-hydroxy-butyric acid

Possible diseases from mapped MeSH terms on references

We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with 4-hydroxy-butyric acid

MeSH term MeSH ID Detail
Encephalocele D004677 1 associated lipids
Disorders of Excessive Somnolence D006970 1 associated lipids
Exotropia D005099 1 associated lipids
Abdominal Neoplasms D000008 1 associated lipids
Heroin Dependence D006556 1 associated lipids
Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumor D018310 1 associated lipids
Spermatic Cord Torsion D013086 1 associated lipids
Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal D007968 1 associated lipids
Speech Disorders D013064 1 associated lipids
Amphetamine-Related Disorders D019969 1 associated lipids
Fluoride Poisoning D005458 1 associated lipids
Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium D000430 1 associated lipids
Distemper D004216 1 associated lipids
Narcolepsy D009290 1 associated lipids
Aortic Stenosis, Supravalvular D021921 1 associated lipids
Language Disorders D007806 1 associated lipids
Granulosa Cell Tumor D006106 1 associated lipids
Dysgerminoma D004407 1 associated lipids
Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures D020270 1 associated lipids
Heart Septal Defects, Atrial D006344 1 associated lipids
Heat Exhaustion D006359 1 associated lipids
Williams Syndrome D018980 1 associated lipids
Rheumatic Heart Disease D012214 1 associated lipids
Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic D002310 1 associated lipids
Akathisia, Drug-Induced D017109 2 associated lipids
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders D007319 2 associated lipids
Abortion, Threatened D000033 2 associated lipids
Amnesia, Retrograde D000648 2 associated lipids
Mydriasis D015878 2 associated lipids
Meningitis, Meningococcal D008585 2 associated lipids
Cataplexy D002385 2 associated lipids
Consciousness Disorders D003244 2 associated lipids
Marijuana Abuse D002189 2 associated lipids
Drug Overdose D062787 2 associated lipids
Pseudotumor Cerebri D011559 2 associated lipids
Epilepsies, Myoclonic D004831 2 associated lipids
Psychoses, Alcoholic D011604 2 associated lipids
Uterine Inertia D014593 3 associated lipids
Cystadenocarcinoma D003536 3 associated lipids
Alcohol-Related Disorders D019973 3 associated lipids
Psychomotor Disorders D011596 3 associated lipids
Cocaine-Related Disorders D019970 3 associated lipids
Failure to Thrive D005183 3 associated lipids
Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm D020178 3 associated lipids
Sleep Apnea Syndromes D012891 3 associated lipids
Myoclonus D009207 3 associated lipids
Spinal Cord Diseases D013118 4 associated lipids
Autonomic Nervous System Diseases D001342 4 associated lipids
Miosis D015877 4 associated lipids
Hallucinations D006212 4 associated lipids
Language Development Disorders D007805 4 associated lipids
Shock, Traumatic D012774 4 associated lipids
Muscular Dystrophy, Animal D009137 5 associated lipids
Muscle Hypotonia D009123 5 associated lipids
Epilepsy, Absence D004832 5 associated lipids
Glaucoma D005901 5 associated lipids
Pericarditis D010493 6 associated lipids
Cerebral Infarction D002544 6 associated lipids
Cardiac Complexes, Premature D005117 6 associated lipids
Decerebrate State D003655 7 associated lipids
Sleep Wake Disorders D012893 7 associated lipids
Burkholderia Infections D019121 7 associated lipids
Femoral Fractures D005264 7 associated lipids
Psychoses, Substance-Induced D011605 7 associated lipids
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome D013375 9 associated lipids
Infant, Newborn, Diseases D007232 9 associated lipids
Poisoning D011041 9 associated lipids
Muscular Dystrophies D009136 10 associated lipids
Radiation Injuries, Experimental D011833 11 associated lipids
Amnesia D000647 12 associated lipids
Abnormalities, Multiple D000015 13 associated lipids
Intellectual Disability D008607 13 associated lipids
Angina, Unstable D000789 14 associated lipids
Tremor D014202 15 associated lipids
Diabetic Ketoacidosis D016883 16 associated lipids
Pre-Eclampsia D011225 16 associated lipids
Peptic Ulcer D010437 19 associated lipids
Ataxia D001259 20 associated lipids
Myocardial Infarction D009203 21 associated lipids
Carcinoma 256, Walker D002279 22 associated lipids
Cerebrovascular Disorders D002561 25 associated lipids
Pseudomonas Infections D011552 25 associated lipids
Angina Pectoris D000787 27 associated lipids
Alcoholism D000437 27 associated lipids
Catalepsy D002375 30 associated lipids
Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective D048629 33 associated lipids
Anemia, Sickle Cell D000755 34 associated lipids
Acute Kidney Injury D058186 34 associated lipids
Fever D005334 35 associated lipids
Epilepsy D004827 35 associated lipids
Peritonitis D010538 38 associated lipids
Neovascularization, Pathologic D009389 39 associated lipids
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute D004915 41 associated lipids
Arthritis D001168 41 associated lipids
Hypotension D007022 41 associated lipids
Arrhythmias, Cardiac D001145 42 associated lipids
Metabolism, Inborn Errors D008661 46 associated lipids
Liver Neoplasms, Experimental D008114 46 associated lipids
Starvation D013217 47 associated lipids
Parkinson Disease D010300 53 associated lipids
Per page 10 20 50 100 | Total 113

PubChem Associated disorders and diseases

PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways

NCBI Entrez Crosslinks

All references with 4-hydroxy-butyric acid

Download all related citations
Per page 10 20 50 100 | Total 3045
Authors Title Published Journal PubMed Link
El-Habr EA et al. A driver role for GABA metabolism in controlling stem and proliferative cell state through GHB production in glioma. 2017 Acta Neuropathol. pmid:28032215
Busardò FP et al. Assessment of the stability of exogenous gamma hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) in stored blood and urine specimens. 2015 Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci pmid:26592846
Kim M et al. Two pathways for glutamate biosynthesis in the syntrophic bacterium Syntrophus aciditrophicus. 2015 Appl. Environ. Microbiol. pmid:26431966
Dave RA and Morris ME Semi-mechanistic kidney model incorporating physiologically-relevant fluid reabsorption and transporter-mediated renal reabsorption: pharmacokinetics of γ-hydroxybutyric acid and L-lactate in rats. 2015 J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn pmid:26341876
Bosch OG et al. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate enhances mood and prosocial behavior without affecting plasma oxytocin and testosterone. 2015 Psychoneuroendocrinology pmid:26209926
Kawase T et al. Novel fluorinated gemini surfactants with γ-butyrolactone segments. 2015 J Oleo Sci pmid:25748377
Otte J et al. Malonic semialdehyde reductase from the archaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus is involved in the autotrophic 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle. 2015 Appl. Environ. Microbiol. pmid:25548047
Luca G et al. Central and peripheral metabolic changes induced by gamma-hydroxybutyrate. 2015 Sleep pmid:25515097
Claussen MC et al. Catatonic stupor secondary to gamma-hydroxy-butyric acid (GHB)-dependence and -withdrawal syndrome. 2014 Psychiatr Danub pmid:25377371
Gould T et al. GABA(B) receptor-mediated activation of astrocytes by gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. 2014 Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. pmid:25225100
Vijay N and Morris ME Effect of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine on the toxicokinetics and sedative effects of the drug of abuse, γ-hydroxybutyric acid. 2014 J Pharm Sci pmid:25174723
Cheung J et al. γ-Hydroxybutyric acid-induced electrographic seizures. 2014 J Clin Sleep Med pmid:25024661
Wendt G et al. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate, acting through an anti-apoptotic mechanism, protects native and amyloid-precursor-protein-transfected neuroblastoma cells against oxidative stress-induced death. 2014 Neuroscience pmid:24456637
Zhai D et al. Development of a fluorescent sensor for illicit date rape drug GHB. 2014 Chem. Commun. (Camb.) pmid:24492471
Kamal RM et al. Decision rules for GHB (γ-hydroxybutyric acid) detoxification: a vignette study. 2014 Drug Alcohol Depend pmid:24380737
Krishnamurthy VB et al. An interesting case of late age at onset of narcolepsy with cataplexy. 2014 J Clin Sleep Med pmid:24533004
Korf DJ et al. Risk factors of γ-hydroxybutyrate overdosing. 2014 Eur Addict Res pmid:24080792
Stomberg MW et al. Symptoms and signs in interpreting gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) intoxication - an explorative study. 2014 Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med pmid:24758357
Black SW et al. GABAB agonism promotes sleep and reduces cataplexy in murine narcolepsy. 2014 J. Neurosci. pmid:24806675
Yiu CY et al. Inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus lytic cycle by an ethyl acetate subfraction separated from Polygonum cuspidatum root and its major component, emodin. 2014 Molecules pmid:24448066
Eghorn LF et al. Positive allosteric modulation of the GHB high-affinity binding site by the GABAA receptor modulator monastrol and the flavonoid catechin. 2014 Eur. J. Pharmacol. pmid:24973695
Goodwin AK et al. Self-administration of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) precursors gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) in baboons. 2013 Psychopharmacology (Berl.) pmid:22945514
Johnson MW and Griffiths RR Comparative abuse liability of GHB and ethanol in humans. 2013 Exp Clin Psychopharmacol pmid:23421353
Petersen IN et al. Identification of a new metabolite of GHB: gamma-hydroxybutyric acid glucuronide. 2013 J Anal Toxicol pmid:23612681
Ingels AS et al. Determination of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in biofluids using a one-step procedure with "in-vial" derivatization and headspace-trap gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 2013 J Chromatogr A pmid:23664352
Rosi L et al. Determination of GHB and its precursors (GBL and 1,4-BD) in dietary supplements through the synthesis of their isotopologues and analysis by GC-MS method. 2013 J Pharm Biomed Anal pmid:23245230
Hawkins AS et al. Role of 4-hydroxybutyrate-CoA synthetase in the CO2 fixation cycle in thermoacidophilic archaea. 2013 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:23258541
Munshi T et al. Monitoring of the interconversion of gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) to gamma hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) by Raman spectroscopy. 2013 Drug Test Anal pmid:23225646
Amer B et al. Novel GHB-derived natural products from European mistletoe (Viscum album). 2013 Pharm Biol pmid:23734579
de Jong CA et al. Treatment of GHB withdrawal syndrome: Catch 22 or challenge for addiction medicine? 2013 Addiction pmid:23718746
Choi S et al. Production of 4-hydroxybutyric acid by metabolically engineered Mannheimia succiniciproducens and its conversion to γ-butyrolactone by acid treatment. 2013 Metab. Eng. pmid:24055777
Liu X et al. The psychostimulant modafinil enhances gap junctional communication in cortical astrocytes. 2013 Neuropharmacology pmid:23665355
Forni S et al. Quantitation of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in dried blood spots: feasibility assessment for newborn screening of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) deficiency. 2013 Mol. Genet. Metab. pmid:23742746
Hermann-Krauss C et al. Archaeal production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) co- and terpolyesters from biodiesel industry-derived by-products. 2013 Archaea pmid:24453697
Vogensen SB et al. New synthesis and tritium labeling of a selective ligand for studying high-affinity γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) binding sites. 2013 J. Med. Chem. pmid:24053696
Spaeth M et al. Long-term tolerability and maintenance of therapeutic response to sodium oxybate in an open-label extension study in patients with fibromyalgia. 2013 Arthritis Res. Ther. pmid:24286114
Fordahl S et al. Waterborne manganese exposure alters plasma, brain, and liver metabolites accompanied by changes in stereotypic behaviors. 2012 Jan-Feb Neurotoxicol Teratol pmid:22056924
Vienne J et al. Differential effects of sodium oxybate and baclofen on EEG, sleep, neurobehavioral performance, and memory. 2012 Sleep pmid:22851803
Goodson SG et al. Metabolic substrates exhibit differential effects on functional parameters of mouse sperm capacitation. 2012 Biol. Reprod. pmid:22837480
Roll JM et al. Preference for gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) in current users. 2012 J Exp Anal Behav pmid:22693361
Kornhauser A et al. Effects of cosmetic formulations containing hydroxyacids on sun-exposed skin: current applications and future developments. 2012 Dermatol Res Pract pmid:22675344
McElroy SL et al. Pharmacological management of binge eating disorder: current and emerging treatment options. 2012 Ther Clin Risk Manag pmid:22654518
van Amsterdam JG et al. [Cognitive impairment due to intensive use and overdoses of gammahydroxybutyric acid (GHB)]. 2012 Tijdschr Psychiatr pmid:23250641
Ogata Y et al. ECOMICS: a web-based toolkit for investigating the biomolecular web in ecosystems using a trans-omics approach. 2012 PLoS ONE pmid:22319563
Koek W et al. Effects of the GABAB receptor-positive modulators CGP7930 and rac-BHFF in baclofen- and γ-hydroxybutyrate-discriminating pigeons. 2012 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. pmid:22319197
Boyd JJ et al. Temporal differences in γ-hydroxybutyrate overdoses involving injecting drug users versus recreational drug users in Helsinki: a retrospective study. 2012 Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med pmid:22296777
Spaeth M et al. Sodium oxybate therapy provides multidimensional improvement in fibromyalgia: results of an international phase 3 trial. 2012 Ann. Rheum. Dis. pmid:22294641
Lang C et al. Impaired chromatin remodelling at STAT1-regulated promoters leads to global unresponsiveness of Toxoplasma gondii-infected macrophages to IFN-γ. 2012 PLoS Pathog. pmid:22275866
Hensler JG et al. GABAB receptor-positive modulators: brain region-dependent effects. 2012 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. pmid:21954301
Wanders RJ et al. Enzymology of the branched-chain amino acid oxidation disorders: the valine pathway. 2012 J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. pmid:21104317