trichostatin A
Trichostatin is a lipid of Polyketides (PK) class. Trichostatin is associated with abnormalities such as Dentatorubral-Pallidoluysian Atrophy, PARAGANGLIOMAS 3, abnormal fragmented structure, Disintegration (morphologic abnormality) and Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal. The involved functions are known as Acetylation, Cell Differentiation process, histone modification, Gene Silencing and Transcriptional Activation. Trichostatin often locates in CD41a, Hematopoietic System, Chromatin Structure, Blood and Endothelium. The associated genes with Trichostatin are SPI1 gene, CELL Gene, Chromatin, CXCR4 gene and DNMT1 gene. The related lipids are Butyrates, Promega, butyrate, Lipopolysaccharides and Steroids. The related experimental models are Knock-out, Mouse Model, Xenograft Model and Cancer Model.
Cross Reference
Introduction
To understand associated biological information of trichostatin A, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
What diseases are associated with trichostatin A?
trichostatin A is suspected in Infection, Morphologically altered structure, Ureteral obstruction, Photosensitization, Atherosclerosis, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Related references are mostly published in these journals:
| Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
|---|
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.
Possible diseases from mapped MeSH terms on references
We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with trichostatin A
PubChem Associated disorders and diseases
What pathways are associated with trichostatin A
Lipid pathways are not clear in current pathway databases. We organized associated pathways with trichostatin A through full-text articles, including metabolic pathways or pathways of biological mechanisms.
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Pathway name | Related literatures |
|---|
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.
PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways
Link to PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and PathwaysWhat cellular locations are associated with trichostatin A?
Visualization in cellular structure
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.
What functions are associated with trichostatin A?
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
What lipids are associated with trichostatin A?
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.
What genes are associated with trichostatin A?
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
What common seen animal models are associated with trichostatin A?
Mouse Model
Mouse Model are used in the study 'Regulation of minichromosome maintenance gene family by microRNA-1296 and genistein in prostate cancer.' (Majid S et al., 2010), Mouse Model are used in the study 'Reversal of hypermethylation and reactivation of p16INK4a, RARbeta, and MGMT genes by genistein and other isoflavones from soy.' (Fang MZ et al., 2005) and Mouse Model are used in the study 'Histone deacetylase 3 mediates allergic skin inflammation by regulating expression of MCP1 protein.' (Kim Y et al., 2012).
Xenograft Model
Xenograft Model are used in the study 'Histone deacetylase inhibitors induce growth arrest and differentiation in uveal melanoma.' (Landreville S et al., 2012), Xenograft Model are used in the study 'Extended treatment with physiologic concentrations of dietary phytochemicals results in altered gene expression, reduced growth, and apoptosis of cancer cells.' (Moiseeva EP et al., 2007) and Xenograft Model are used in the study 'Retinoic acid and the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin a inhibit the proliferation of human renal cell carcinoma in a xenograft tumor model.' (Touma SE et al., 2005).
Cancer Model
Cancer Model are used in the study 'Plasma pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin a after intraperitoneal administration to mice.' (Sanderson L et al., 2004).
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.
NCBI Entrez Crosslinks
All references with trichostatin A
Download all related citations| Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goeman F et al. | Growth inhibition by the tumor suppressor p33ING1 in immortalized and primary cells: involvement of two silencing domains and effect of Ras. | 2005 | Mol. Cell. Biol. | pmid:15601862 |
| Tai HH et al. | Dynamic histone acetylation of late embryonic genes during seed germination. | 2005 | Plant Mol. Biol. | pmid:16307366 |
| Kook SH et al. | Epstein-Barr virus-infected Akata cells are sensitive to histone deacetylase inhibitor TSA-provoked apoptosis. | 2005 | J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. | pmid:16336792 |
| Chen LJ et al. | [hCG-PLZF-RARalpha/hCG-RARalpha-PLZF transgenic mice developing into leukemia]. | 2005 | Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi | pmid:16403252 |
| Liu H et al. | [Antineoplastic effect of valproic acid and trichostatin on HL-60 and K562 cells]. | 2005 | Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi | pmid:16403260 |
| Wetzel M et al. | Effect of trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, on glioma proliferation in vitro by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. | 2005 | J. Neurosurg. | pmid:16383255 |
| Li XX et al. | Function of c-Fos-like and c-Jun-like proteins on trichostatin A-induced G2/M arrest in Physarum polycephalum. | 2005 | Acta Biochim. Biophys. Sin. (Shanghai) | pmid:16270156 |
| Francia G et al. | Down-regulation of DNA mismatch repair proteins in human and murine tumor spheroids: implications for multicellular resistance to alkylating agents. | 2005 | Mol. Cancer Ther. | pmid:16227397 |
| Chou SD et al. | Histone acetylation regulates the cell type specific CIITA promoters, MHC class II expression and antigen presentation in tumor cells. | 2005 | Int. Immunol. | pmid:16210330 |
| Bai Y et al. | Protein acetylation regulates both PU.1 transactivation and Ig kappa 3' enhancer activity. | 2005 | J. Immunol. | pmid:16210620 |
| Chen G et al. | [Enhancive effect of histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin a on transfection efficiency of adenovirus in ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780]. | 2005 | Ai Zheng | pmid:16219132 |
| Kasper LH et al. | Two transactivation mechanisms cooperate for the bulk of HIF-1-responsive gene expression. | 2005 | EMBO J. | pmid:16237459 |
| Columbaro M et al. | Rescue of heterochromatin organization in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria by drug treatment. | 2005 | Cell. Mol. Life Sci. | pmid:16261260 |
| Burlibaşa L and Gavrilă L | Molecular and ultrastructural studies of the sperm chromatin from Triturus cristatus. | 2005 | Zygote | pmid:16261764 |
| Marengo E et al. | Use of Legendre moments for the fast comparison of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis maps images. | 2005 | J Chromatogr A | pmid:16301071 |
| Juranek SA et al. | snRNA and heterochromatin formation are involved in DNA excision during macronuclear development in stichotrichous ciliates. | 2005 | Eukaryotic Cell | pmid:16278460 |
| Chang CW et al. | Stimulation of GCMa transcriptional activity by cyclic AMP/protein kinase A signaling is attributed to CBP-mediated acetylation of GCMa. | 2005 | Mol. Cell. Biol. | pmid:16166624 |
| Jori FP et al. | RB and RB2/p130 genes demonstrate both specific and overlapping functions during the early steps of in vitro neural differentiation of marrow stromal stem cells. | 2005 | Cell Death Differ. | pmid:15459751 |
| Rogier E et al. | A novel biological assay to detect the active form of TGF-beta in urine to monitor renal allograft rejection. | 2005 | Kidney Int. | pmid:16164666 |
| Di-Poï N et al. | Transcriptional repression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta in murine keratinocytes by CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins. | 2005 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:16166081 |
| Spengler ML et al. | Sumoylation of internally initiated Sp3 isoforms regulates transcriptional repression via a Trichostatin A-insensitive mechanism. | 2005 | Cell. Signal. | pmid:15494207 |
| Valenzuela-Fernández A et al. | Histone deacetylase 6 regulates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. | 2005 | Mol. Biol. Cell | pmid:16148047 |
| Davis FJ et al. | Concurrent opposite effects of trichostatin A, an inhibitor of histone deacetylases, on expression of alpha-MHC and cardiac tubulins: implication for gain in cardiac muscle contractility. | 2005 | Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. | pmid:15388503 |
| Curtin BF et al. | Histone acetylase inhibitor trichostatin A induces acetylcholinesterase expression and protects against organophosphate exposure. | 2005 | J. Cell. Biochem. | pmid:16149071 |
| Chen JS and Faller DV | Histone deacetylase inhibition-mediated post-translational elevation of p27KIP1 protein levels is required for G1 arrest in fibroblasts. | 2005 | J. Cell. Physiol. | pmid:15389542 |
| Medugno L et al. | The Krüppel-like zinc-finger protein ZNF224 represses aldolase A gene transcription by interacting with the KAP-1 co-repressor protein. | 2005 | Gene | pmid:16150558 |
| Frønsdal K and Saatcioglu F | Histone deacetylase inhibitors differentially mediate apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. | 2005 | Prostate | pmid:15389787 |
| Johnson J et al. | Fetal hemoglobin induction by the histone deacetylase inhibitor, scriptaid. | 2005 | Cell. Mol. Biol. (Noisy-le-grand) | pmid:16171558 |
| Karagiannis TC et al. | The histone deacetylase inhibitor, Trichostatin A, enhances radiation sensitivity and accumulation of gammaH2A.X. | 2005 | Cancer Biol. Ther. | pmid:16082178 |
| Xiong Y et al. | Epigenetic-mediated upregulation of progesterone receptor B gene in endometrial cancer cell lines. | 2005 | Gynecol. Oncol. | pmid:16024066 |
| Xu CR et al. | Histone acetylation affects expression of cellular patterning genes in the Arabidopsis root epidermis. | 2005 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:16176989 |
| Wu P et al. | Role of hTERT in apoptosis of cervical cancer induced by histone deacetylase inhibitor. | 2005 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:16051188 |
| Yaneva M et al. | Non-homologous end joining, but not homologous recombination, enables survival for cells exposed to a histone deacetylase inhibitor. | 2005 | Nucleic Acids Res. | pmid:16177181 |
| Kang JE et al. | Histone deacetylase-1 represses transcription by interacting with zinc-fingers and interfering with the DNA binding activity of Sp1. | 2005 | Cell. Physiol. Biochem. | pmid:16121030 |
| Chen CS et al. | Histone acetylation-independent effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors on Akt through the reshuffling of protein phosphatase 1 complexes. | 2005 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:16186112 |
| Bradbury CA et al. | Histone deacetylases in acute myeloid leukaemia show a distinctive pattern of expression that changes selectively in response to deacetylase inhibitors. | 2005 | Leukemia | pmid:16121216 |
| Cismasiu VB et al. | BCL11B functionally associates with the NuRD complex in T lymphocytes to repress targeted promoter. | 2005 | Oncogene | pmid:16091750 |
| Fang MZ et al. | Reversal of hypermethylation and reactivation of p16INK4a, RARbeta, and MGMT genes by genistein and other isoflavones from soy. | 2005 | Clin. Cancer Res. | pmid:16203797 |
| GarcÃa-Morales P et al. | Histone deacetylase inhibitors induced caspase-independent apoptosis in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines. | 2005 | Mol. Cancer Ther. | pmid:16093438 |
| Menegola E et al. | Inhibition of histone deacetylase activity on specific embryonic tissues as a new mechanism for teratogenicity. | 2005 | Birth Defects Res. B Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. | pmid:16193500 |
| Nome RV et al. | Cell cycle checkpoint signaling involved in histone deacetylase inhibition and radiation-induced cell death. | 2005 | Mol. Cancer Ther. | pmid:16093439 |
| Liu AL et al. | [A new target of cancer therapy: advances in the study of histone deacetylase]. | 2005 | Yao Xue Xue Bao | pmid:16196262 |
| Zhang Y et al. | Coordinated changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications regulate silencing/derepression of luteinizing hormone receptor gene transcription. | 2005 | Mol. Cell. Biol. | pmid:16135786 |
| Ren C et al. | Peptide mass mapping of acetylated isoforms of histone H4 from mouse lymphosarcoma cells treated with histone deacetylase (HDACs) inhibitors. | 2005 | J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. | pmid:16099169 |
| Shinji C et al. | Design and synthesis of phthalimide-type histone deacetylase inhibitors. | 2005 | Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. | pmid:16137884 |
| Danaher RJ et al. | Histone deacetylase inhibitors induce reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 in a latency-associated transcript-independent manner in neuronal cells. | 2005 | J. Neurovirol. | pmid:16036811 |
| Laribee RN and Klemsz MJ | Histone H4 HDAC activity is necessary for expression of the PU.1 gene. | 2005 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:16139904 |
| Li Y et al. | Histone deacetylation is required for progression through mitosis in tobacco cells. | 2005 | Plant J. | pmid:15659094 |
| Gurvich N et al. | Association of valproate-induced teratogenesis with histone deacetylase inhibition in vivo. | 2005 | FASEB J. | pmid:15901671 |
| Zhao Y et al. | Lifespan extension and elevated hsp gene expression in Drosophila caused by histone deacetylase inhibitors. | 2005 | J. Exp. Biol. | pmid:15695762 |
| Hooven LA et al. | Effects of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid and trichostatin A on induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes and benzo[a]pyrene DNA adduct formation in human cells. | 2005 | Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. | pmid:15713371 |
| Chen B et al. | Chemistry and biology of mercaptoacetamides as novel histone deacetylase inhibitors. | 2005 | Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. | pmid:15713393 |
| Duan H et al. | Histone deacetylase inhibitors down-regulate bcl-2 expression and induce apoptosis in t(14;18) lymphomas. | 2005 | Mol. Cell. Biol. | pmid:15713621 |
| Tong X et al. | Cyclooxygenase-2 regulation in colon cancer cells: modulation of RNA polymerase II elongation by histone deacetylase inhibitors. | 2005 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:15713675 |
| Gan Y et al. | Role of histone deacetylation in cell-specific expression of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase. | 2005 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:15722551 |
| Endo M et al. | Novel gender-related regulation of CYP2C12 gene expression in rats. | 2005 | Mol. Endocrinol. | pmid:15661834 |
| Sengupta S et al. | Tumor suppressor p53 represses transcription of RECQ4 helicase. | 2005 | Oncogene | pmid:15674334 |
| Busson M et al. | Coactivation of nuclear receptors and myogenic factors induces the major BTG1 influence on muscle differentiation. | 2005 | Oncogene | pmid:15674337 |
| Wen J et al. | Tal1/SCL binding to pericentromeric DNA represses transcription. | 2005 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:15677454 |
| Illi B et al. | Epigenetic histone modification and cardiovascular lineage programming in mouse embryonic stem cells exposed to laminar shear stress. | 2005 | Circ. Res. | pmid:15705964 |
| Jalonen U et al. | Inhibition of tristetraprolin expression by dexamethasone in activated macrophages. | 2005 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:15710351 |
| Reid G et al. | Multiple mechanisms induce transcriptional silencing of a subset of genes, including oestrogen receptor alpha, in response to deacetylase inhibition by valproic acid and trichostatin A. | 2005 | Oncogene | pmid:15870696 |
| Kim MS et al. | Sensitization to UV-induced apoptosis by the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA). | 2005 | Exp. Cell Res. | pmid:15878336 |
| Rosenqvist N et al. | Inhibition of chromatin condensation prevents transgene silencing in a neural progenitor cell line transplanted to the rat brain. | 2005 | Cell Transplant | pmid:15881422 |
| Gonçalves J et al. | Modulation of translation factor's gene expression by histone deacetylase inhibitors in breast cancer cells. | 2005 | Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. | pmid:15843208 |
| Robbins AR et al. | Inhibitors of histone deacetylases alter kinetochore assembly by disrupting pericentromeric heterochromatin. | 2005 | Cell Cycle | pmid:15846093 |
| Taghiyev AF et al. | Trichostatin A (TSA) sensitizes the human prostatic cancer cell line DU145 to death receptor ligands treatment. | 2005 | Cancer Biol. Ther. | pmid:15846101 |
| Barki-Celli L et al. | Differences in nuclear positioning of 1q12 pericentric heterochromatin in normal and tumor B lymphocytes with 1q rearrangements. | 2005 | Genes Chromosomes Cancer | pmid:15846776 |
| Law RD and Suttle JC | Chromatin remodeling in plant cell culture: patterns of DNA methylation and histone H3 and H4 acetylation vary during growth of asynchronous potato cell suspensions. | 2005 | Plant Physiol. Biochem. | pmid:15922608 |
| Seo H et al. | Rapid generation of specific antibodies by enhanced homologous recombination. | 2005 | Nat. Biotechnol. | pmid:15924134 |
| Song Y et al. | [The mechanisms of p21WAF1/Cip-1 expression in MOLT-4 cell line induced by TSA]. | 2005 | Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi | pmid:15854272 |
| Xu ZM et al. | [Analysis of the methylation in the promoter of LRP15 gene and its expression]. | 2005 | Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi | pmid:15854274 |
| Mai A et al. | Class II (IIa)-selective histone deacetylase inhibitors. 1. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel (aryloxopropenyl)pyrrolyl hydroxyamides. | 2005 | J. Med. Chem. | pmid:15857140 |
| Ho WC et al. | Nuclear factor-kappaB induced by doxorubicin is deficient in phosphorylation and acetylation and represses nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent transcription in cancer cells. | 2005 | Cancer Res. | pmid:15899819 |
| Tran T et al. | Enhancement of folate receptor alpha expression in tumor cells through the glucocorticoid receptor: a promising means to improved tumor detection and targeting. | 2005 | Cancer Res. | pmid:15899836 |
| Camelo S et al. | Transcriptional therapy with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | 2005 | J. Neuroimmunol. | pmid:15885809 |
| Young DA et al. | Differential effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors on phorbol ester- and TGF-beta1 induced murine tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 gene expression. | 2005 | FEBS J. | pmid:15819885 |
| Canes D et al. | Histone deacetylase inhibitors upregulate plakoglobin expression in bladder carcinoma cells and display antineoplastic activity in vitro and in vivo. | 2005 | Int. J. Cancer | pmid:15499627 |
| Yamaguchi K et al. | Histone deacetylase inhibitors suppress the induction of c-Jun and its target genes including COX-2. | 2005 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:15994313 |
| Zhao XY et al. | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor induces de novo methylation of the p15 CpG island in hematopoietic cells. | 2005 | Cytokine | pmid:15996479 |
| Rho JH et al. | Doxorubicin induces apoptosis with profile of large-scale DNA fragmentation and without DNA ladder in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells via histone hyperacetylation. | 2005 | Int. J. Oncol. | pmid:16010429 |
| Choi YH | Induction of apoptosis by trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, is associated with inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 activity in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. | 2005 | Int. J. Oncol. | pmid:16010430 |
| Taddei A et al. | The effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors on heterochromatin: implications for anticancer therapy? | 2005 | EMBO Rep. | pmid:15940285 |
| Gray SG et al. | Functional characterization of JMJD2A, a histone deacetylase- and retinoblastoma-binding protein. | 2005 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:15927959 |
| Nishigaki M et al. | Discovery of aberrant expression of R-RAS by cancer-linked DNA hypomethylation in gastric cancer using microarrays. | 2005 | Cancer Res. | pmid:15781621 |
| Bai J et al. | Predominant Bcl-XL knockdown disables antiapoptotic mechanisms: tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-based triple chemotherapy overcomes chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. | 2005 | Cancer Res. | pmid:15781649 |
| Rahmani M et al. | Coadministration of histone deacetylase inhibitors and perifosine synergistically induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells through Akt and ERK1/2 inactivation and the generation of ceramide and reactive oxygen species. | 2005 | Cancer Res. | pmid:15781658 |
| Frescas D et al. | Nuclear trapping of the forkhead transcription factor FoxO1 via Sirt-dependent deacetylation promotes expression of glucogenetic genes. | 2005 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:15788402 |
| Kang J et al. | Curcumin-induced histone hypoacetylation: the role of reactive oxygen species. | 2005 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:15794941 |
| Narayanan R et al. | Human progesterone receptor displays cell cycle-dependent changes in transcriptional activity. | 2005 | Mol. Cell. Biol. | pmid:15798179 |
| Koh SH et al. | Co-culture of human CD34+ cells with mesenchymal stem cells increases the survival of CD34+ cells against the 5-aza-deoxycytidine- or trichostatin A-induced cell death. | 2005 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:15752760 |
| Mori T et al. | Epigenetic up-regulation of C-C chemokine receptor 7 and C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 expression in melanoma cells. | 2005 | Cancer Res. | pmid:15753377 |
| Dowling M et al. | Mitotic spindle checkpoint inactivation by trichostatin a defines a mechanism for increasing cancer cell killing by microtubule-disrupting agents. | 2005 | Cancer Biol. Ther. | pmid:15753652 |
| Dote H et al. | Aberrant promoter methylation in human DAB2 interactive protein (hDAB2IP) gene in gastrointestinal tumour. | 2005 | Br. J. Cancer | pmid:15770214 |
| Laberge RM and Boissonneault G | On the nature and origin of DNA strand breaks in elongating spermatids. | 2005 | Biol. Reprod. | pmid:15772260 |
| McKenzie GJ et al. | Nuclear Ca2+ and CaM kinase IV specify hormonal- and Notch-responsiveness. | 2005 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:15773917 |
| Blais M et al. | Synergy between deacetylase inhibitors and IL-1beta in activation of the serum amyloid A2 gene promoter. | 2005 | DNA Cell Biol. | pmid:15812237 |
| Sato N et al. | Epigenetic inactivation of TFPI-2 as a common mechanism associated with growth and invasion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. | 2005 | Oncogene | pmid:15592528 |
| Davidson SM et al. | The transcriptional coactivator p300 plays a critical role in the hypertrophic and protective pathways induced by phenylephrine in cardiac cells but is specific to the hypertrophic effect of urocortin. | 2005 | Chembiochem | pmid:15593114 |
| Nambiar MP et al. | Transcriptional induction of cholinesterase expression and protection against chemical warfare nerve agents. | 2005 | Chem. Biol. Interact. | pmid:16429504 |