tacrolimus

Tacrolimus is a lipid of Polyketides (PK) class. Tacrolimus is associated with abnormalities such as Renal glomerular disease. The involved functions are known as inhibitors, Fungicidal activity, Metabolic Inhibition, Excretory function and Dephosphorylation. Tacrolimus often locates in Hepatic, Mitochondrial matrix and Inner mitochondrial membrane. The associated genes with Tacrolimus are RHOA gene and BGN gene.

Cross Reference

Introduction

To understand associated biological information of tacrolimus, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.

What diseases are associated with tacrolimus?

tacrolimus is suspected in Renal glomerular disease, Candidiasis, Mycoses, PARKINSON DISEASE, LATE-ONSET, Morphologically altered structure, Skin Diseases, Infectious and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.

Related references are mostly published in these journals:

Disease Cross reference Weighted score Related literature
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Possible diseases from mapped MeSH terms on references

We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with tacrolimus

MeSH term MeSH ID Detail
Hearing Loss, Bilateral D006312 1 associated lipids
Nocturia D053158 1 associated lipids
Echinostomiasis D004451 1 associated lipids
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a D018813 1 associated lipids
Apraxias D001072 1 associated lipids
Hypertensive Encephalopathy D020343 1 associated lipids
Hearing Loss, Sudden D003639 1 associated lipids
Rectal Diseases D012002 1 associated lipids
Citrullinemia D020159 1 associated lipids
Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease D011668 1 associated lipids
Sweet Syndrome D016463 1 associated lipids
Optic Neuritis D009902 1 associated lipids
Granuloma Annulare D016460 1 associated lipids
Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous System D020361 1 associated lipids
Intestinal Fistula D007412 1 associated lipids
Latent Tuberculosis D055985 1 associated lipids
Nephritis, Hereditary D009394 1 associated lipids
Mastocytosis, Cutaneous D034701 1 associated lipids
Pancreatitis, Graft D055589 1 associated lipids
Hepatic Insufficiency D048550 1 associated lipids
Lung Abscess D008169 1 associated lipids
Central Nervous System Viral Diseases D020805 1 associated lipids
Facial Nerve Injuries D020220 1 associated lipids
Intertrigo D007402 1 associated lipids
Miller Fisher Syndrome D019846 1 associated lipids
Cholangitis, Sclerosing D015209 1 associated lipids
Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia D000796 1 associated lipids
Eye Infections, Viral D015828 1 associated lipids
Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome D004416 1 associated lipids
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome D018636 1 associated lipids
Mite Infestations D008924 1 associated lipids
Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune D016884 1 associated lipids
Leukoplakia D007971 1 associated lipids
Fasciitis, Necrotizing D019115 1 associated lipids
Mediastinal Emphysema D008478 1 associated lipids
Malacoplakia D008287 1 associated lipids
Myoclonic Cerebellar Dyssynergia D002527 1 associated lipids
Lichen Nitidus D017513 1 associated lipids
Lichenoid Eruptions D017512 1 associated lipids
Lymphocele D008210 1 associated lipids
Colitis, Collagenous D046729 1 associated lipids
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis D055744 1 associated lipids
Intestinal Volvulus D045822 1 associated lipids
Hand Injuries D006230 1 associated lipids
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome D001506 1 associated lipids
Eye Diseases, Hereditary D015785 1 associated lipids
Feline Infectious Peritonitis D016766 1 associated lipids
Meningitis, Cryptococcal D016919 1 associated lipids
Oculomotor Nerve Diseases D015840 1 associated lipids
Cutis Laxa D003483 1 associated lipids
Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome D014607 1 associated lipids
Myelitis D009187 1 associated lipids
IgG Deficiency D017099 1 associated lipids
Deltaretrovirus Infections D006800 1 associated lipids
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome D020065 1 associated lipids
Herpes Labialis D006560 1 associated lipids
End Stage Liver Disease D058625 1 associated lipids
Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome D020189 1 associated lipids
Netherton Syndrome D056770 1 associated lipids
Pseudohypoaldosteronism D011546 1 associated lipids
Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Interdigitating D054739 1 associated lipids
Polymyositis D017285 1 associated lipids
Scorpion Stings D065008 1 associated lipids
Rotavirus Infections D012400 1 associated lipids
Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System D020274 1 associated lipids
Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid D008179 1 associated lipids
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis D008216 1 associated lipids
Erythroplasia D004919 1 associated lipids
Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease D006504 1 associated lipids
West Nile Fever D014901 1 associated lipids
Hypoalbuminemia D034141 1 associated lipids
Arm Injuries D001134 1 associated lipids
Intussusception D007443 1 associated lipids
Thrombotic Microangiopathies D057049 1 associated lipids
Pruritus Vulvae D011539 1 associated lipids
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy D056833 1 associated lipids
Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome D016181 1 associated lipids
Budd-Chiari Syndrome D006502 1 associated lipids
AIDS-Associated Nephropathy D016263 1 associated lipids
Oral Ulcer D019226 1 associated lipids
Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica D016108 1 associated lipids
Primary Graft Dysfunction D055031 1 associated lipids
Esophageal Perforation D004939 1 associated lipids
Epididymitis D004823 1 associated lipids
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia D018290 1 associated lipids
Migraine with Aura D020325 1 associated lipids
Porokeratosis D017499 1 associated lipids
Lentigo D007911 1 associated lipids
Mutism D009155 1 associated lipids
Amyloid Neuropathies D017772 1 associated lipids
Orchitis D009920 1 associated lipids
Phyllodes Tumor D003557 1 associated lipids
Meningitis, Fungal D016921 1 associated lipids
Malocclusion, Angle Class II D008312 1 associated lipids
Flaviviridae Infections D018178 1 associated lipids
Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias D054988 1 associated lipids
Dysuria D053159 1 associated lipids
Denys-Drash Syndrome D030321 1 associated lipids
Akinetic Mutism D000405 1 associated lipids
Sleep Apnea, Central D020182 1 associated lipids
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PubChem Associated disorders and diseases

What pathways are associated with tacrolimus

There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.

PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways

Link to PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways

What cellular locations are associated with tacrolimus?

Related references are published most in these journals:

Location Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures
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What functions are associated with tacrolimus?


Related references are published most in these journals:

Function Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures

What lipids are associated with tacrolimus?

Related references are published most in these journals:

Lipid concept Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures
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What genes are associated with tacrolimus?

Related references are published most in these journals:


Gene Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures

What common seen animal models are associated with tacrolimus?

There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.

NCBI Entrez Crosslinks

All references with tacrolimus

Download all related citations
Per page 10 20 50 100 | Total 15051
Authors Title Published Journal PubMed Link
Undre NA and Schäfer A Factors affecting the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in the first year after renal transplantation. European Tacrolimus Multicentre Renal Study Group. 1998 Transplant. Proc. pmid:9636512
Gołębiewska J et al. Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy on the first day after renal transplantation - case report and literature review. 2014 Transplant. Proc. pmid:25380951
Sewing KF Pharmacokinetics, dosing principles, and blood level monitoring of FK506. 1994 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7527962
Wang XH et al. Tacrolimus vs CyA Neoral in combination with MMF and steroids after cadaveric renal transplantation. 2000 Transplant. Proc. pmid:11119899
Youhua Z et al. Clinical study of FK 506 in renal transplant recipients. 2000 Transplant. Proc. pmid:11119900
TuÄŸcu M et al. Tacrolimus-Induced Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Effect of Switching to Everolimus: A Case Report. 2015 Transplant. Proc. pmid:26093759
Klintmalm GB et al. Prognostic factors for successful conversion from cyclosporine to FK 506-based immunosuppressive therapy for refractory rejection after liver transplantation. US Multicenter FK 506 Liver Study Group. 1993 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7679828
Venkataramanan R et al. Pharmacokinetics of FK 506 in transplant patients. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1721261
Christians U et al. High performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry of FK 506 and its metabolites in blood, bile, and urine of liver grafted patients. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1721262
Washburn WK et al. Tacrolimus rescue therapy for renal allograft rejection refractory to cyclosporine-based immunosuppression. 1996 Transplant. Proc. pmid:8623214
Brook NR et al. Prograf produces a molecular environment favoring antifibrosis, an effect reversed by the addition of rapamune. 2005 Jan-Feb Transplant. Proc. pmid:15808577
Second International Workshop on FK 506. A potential breakthrough in immunosuppression: clinical implications. October 31, 1989, Barcelona, Spain. Proceedings. 1990 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1689897
Shitrit D et al. Tacrolimus-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome case presentation in a lung transplant recipient. 2003 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12644073
Cadoff EM et al. Assay of FK 506 in plasma. 1990 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1689898
Crespo-Leiro MG et al. Replacement of cyclosporine by tacrolimus for immunosuppression in heart transplant patients: safety and efficacy. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:11959213
Bechstein WO et al. A comparative, randomized trial of concentration-controlled sirolimus combined with reduced-dose tacrolimus or standard-dose tacrolimus in renal allograft recipients. 2013 Jul-Aug Transplant. Proc. pmid:23953523
Zhao YJ et al. Late, severe, noninfectious diarrhea after renal transplantation: high-risk factors, therapy, and prognosis. 2013 Jul-Aug Transplant. Proc. pmid:23953533
Ringe B et al. Tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil in clinical liver transplantation: experience with a steroid-sparing concept. 1998 Transplant. Proc. pmid:9636573
Santos T et al. New Recipes With Known Ingredients: Combined Therapy of Everolimus and Low-dose Tacrolimus in De Novo Renal Allograft Recipients. 2015 Transplant. Proc. pmid:26036483
Lopes CT et al. Skin allograft survival and analysis of renal parameters after FTY720 + tacrolimus treatment in mice. 2008 Transplant. Proc. pmid:18455036
Tashiro H et al. Donor bone marrow perioperatively administered via portal vein induced prolongation of skin allograft survival and microchimerism in liver-transplanted rats. 2000 Transplant. Proc. pmid:11120201
Jurewicz WA Immunological and nonimmunological risk factors with tacrolimus and Neoral in renal transplant recipients: an interim report. 1999 Transplant. Proc. pmid:10576048
Kim SJ et al. Randomized trial of tacrolimus versus cyclosporine in steroid withdrawal in living donor renal transplant recipients. 2004 Transplant. Proc. pmid:15518759
Schreiber SL et al. Immunophilin-ligand complexes as probes of intracellular signaling pathways. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1721293
Liu M et al. C4d-positive acute humoral renal allograft rejection: rescue therapy by immunoadsorption in combination with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. 2004 Transplant. Proc. pmid:15518760
Butt TR et al. Molecular basis of immunosuppressive drug action: regulation of steroid receptor-mediated transcription by FK 506. 1996 Transplant. Proc. pmid:8623486
Burg M et al. Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium reduces gastrointestinal symptoms in renal transplant patients. 2009 Transplant. Proc. pmid:20005359
Schneeberger H et al. Tacrolimus as a primary immunosuppressive therapy in cadaveric renal transplantation: five years' experience at a single center. 1998 Transplant. Proc. pmid:9636642
Yamazaki R et al. Interindividual variation of maximal blood levels of tacrolimus after its oral administration in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. 2009 Transplant. Proc. pmid:19545738
Gavlik A et al. Mycophenolate mofetil rescue therapy in liver transplant recipients: an extended follow-up. 1997 Transplant. Proc. pmid:9365633
Niederstadt C et al. Effect of FK506 on magnesium homeostasis after renal transplantation. 1997 Transplant. Proc. pmid:9365709
Spada M et al. Morphology of acute rejection and observation of lymphoproliferative hyperplastic reaction in FK 506 treated pigs after small bowel transplantation. 1994 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7518142
Foroncewicz B et al. Anti-CD25 and tacrolimus therapy may not prevent early primary biliary cirrhosis recurrence after liver transplantation: two case reports. 2003 Transplant. Proc. pmid:14529924
Reggiani P et al. A "steroid-free" tacrolimus and low-dose mycophenolate mofetil primary immunosuppression does not prevent early acute rejection after liver transplantation. 2005 Transplant. Proc. pmid:15919435
Yasunami Y et al. Induction of donor-specific unresponsiveness in rat islet allografts by FK 506. 1992 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1376510
Vischi S et al. The maltose absorption test does not predict allograft rejection of small bowel transplantation in FK 506 immunosuppressed pigs. 1994 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7518143
Moreno Gonzales M et al. Sublingual Tacrolimus in Liver Transplantation: A Valid Option? Transplant. Proc. pmid:27569953
Kai N et al. A study on the timing of immunologic priming in autoimmune insulitis in NOD mice. 1992 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1376511
Langrehr JM et al. Liver transplantation in hepatitis B surface antigen positive patients with postoperative long-term immunoprophylaxis. 1995 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7533373
Kim SW et al. Decreased formation of nitric oxide in rats treated with FK506. 2003 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12591357
Motta I et al. FK 506 favors the generation of memory T cells in vitro. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1721324
Vargas V et al. Alpha-interferon for acute hepatitis C in liver transplant patients. 1995 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7533374
Nakata S et al. Immunosuppressive effect of FK 506 on cytotoxic T lymphocytes and delayed-type hypersensitivity in rats. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1721325
Kapturczak MH et al. Pharmacology of calcineurin antagonists. 2004 Transplant. Proc. pmid:15041303
Ennaifer R et al. Nodular hyperplasia of the gastrointestinal tract after liver transplantation: role of immunosuppressive therapy? A case report. 2015 Transplant. Proc. pmid:25891739
Jonas S et al. Cyclosporine-based quadruple induction therapy versus tacrolimus-based dual immunosuppression after liver transplantation: ten-year follow-up. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176459
Tsuchida Y et al. Vascularized bone marrow allotransplantation in rats prolongs a simultaneous skin allograft. 1997 Transplant. Proc. pmid:9142252
Wasiak D et al. Delayed, Uncommon Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Liver Transplantation: A Case Report. 2016 Transplant. Proc. pmid:27496507
Fontana I et al. Severe rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure in a kidney transplant patient treated with tacrolimus and chimaeric CD25 monoclonal antibody. 2004 Transplant. Proc. pmid:15110640
Woodside KJ et al. Conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus results in improved creatinine but does not alter lipid profile. 2005 Transplant. Proc. pmid:15919491
Winkler M et al. Comparison of plasma vs whole blood as matrix for FK 506 drug level monitoring. 1995 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7533433
Van Thiel DH et al. Interferon therapy of hepatitis following liver transplantation under FK 506 or cyclosporine. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1721357
Dahmen U et al. Onset of liver regeneration after subtotal resection is inhibited by the use of new immunosuppressive drugs. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12270412
Barten MJ et al. Pharmacodynamics of the immunosuppressive effects of the combination of tacrolimus with mycophenolate mofetil. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12270442
Budde K et al. Five year outcome of tacrolimus rescue therapy in late rejection after renal transplantation. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176499
Takahara S et al. Excellent results following 3 years of tacrolimus immunosuppression in kidney transplantation recipients in Japan: overall analysis of more than 1000 patients. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176500
Shu KH et al. A multicenter trial of FK506 as rescue therapy for renal transplant recipients in Taiwan. 1998 Transplant. Proc. pmid:9838570
Lo CM et al. Use of FK506 as primary or rescue therapy after liver transplantation in Hong Kong. 1998 Transplant. Proc. pmid:9838571
Reichenspurner H et al. Tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive protocols in lung transplantation. 1999 Feb-Mar Transplant. Proc. pmid:10083062
Demetris AJ et al. Histopathology of human renal allograft rejection under FK 506: a comparison with cyclosporine. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1703360
Thomson AW et al. The influence of FK 506 on the thymus: implications of drug-induced injury to thymic epithelial cells. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1703361
Khanna A et al. Cardiac changes at autopsy in adult liver transplant recipients under tacrolimus. 1997 Feb-Mar Transplant. Proc. pmid:9123118
Alper G and Small SL Cerebrospinal fluid after organ transplantation. 1996 Transplant. Proc. pmid:8908142
Schmidt RJ et al. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome in a renal transplant recipient on FK 506 immunosuppression. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1721390
Ierardi E et al. Long-term tacrolimus: a promising therapeutic approach for Crohn's disease. 2001 Transplant. Proc. pmid:11377467
Jørgensen KA et al. Two-hour blood tacrolimus levels are not superior to trough levels as estimates of the area under the curve in tacrolimus-treated renal transplant patients. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176551
Castel MA et al. Primary immunosuppression and outcome differences after heart transplantation: tacrolimus versus cyclosporine. 2011 Jul-Aug Transplant. Proc. pmid:21839245
Ji SM et al. Conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus for chronic allograft nephropathy. 2007 Transplant. Proc. pmid:17580148
Park JW et al. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis after living donor liver transplantation should be eradicated or not? A case report. 2011 Jul-Aug Transplant. Proc. pmid:21839284
Chang HR et al. Lack of hepatotoxicity upon sirolimus addition to a calcineurin inhibitor-based regimen in hepatitis virus-positive renal transplant recipients. 2007 Transplant. Proc. pmid:17580178
Mor E et al. Homocysteine levels among transplant recipients: effect of immunosuppressive protocols. 2001 Transplant. Proc. pmid:11543802
Kokado Y et al. Low-dose tacrolimus (FK 506)-based immunosuppressive protocol in living donor renal transplantation. 1999 Feb-Mar Transplant. Proc. pmid:10083515
Matsumiya G et al. Serum interleukin-6 level after cardiac xenotransplantation in primates. 1997 Feb-Mar Transplant. Proc. pmid:9123586
Meloni F et al. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of lung-transplanted patients treated with tacrolimus as rescue treatment for refractory acute rejection. 2003 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12826211
Boggs S et al. FK 506 has no short-term effects on endogenous or exogenous myeloid reconstitution in irradiated mice. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1721420
Ogawa N et al. Suppressive effects of combination therapy with mizoribine and FK 506 on the development of accelerated coronary artery disease and myocardial rejection after heart transplantation. 1996 Transplant. Proc. pmid:8658710
Soran A et al. Renal retransplantation in elderly recipients under tacrolimus-based immunosuppression. 2000 Transplant. Proc. pmid:10812157
Cooper MH et al. Prolonged prevention of acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation by donor pretreatment using FK 506. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1721421
Yoshida Y et al. Effect of lipoprostaglandin E1 in concordant xenografts. 1996 Transplant. Proc. pmid:8658716
Formica RN et al. Sirolimus-based immunosuppression with reduce dose cyclosporine or tacrolimus after renal transplantation. 2003 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12742475
Baran DA et al. Can initial tacrolimus trough levels be predicted from clinical variables? 2004 Transplant. Proc. pmid:15621157
Hasegawa A et al. Optimal use of tacrolimus in living donor renal transplantation in children. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176635
Eun SC et al. Prolongation of the rat composite tissue allograft survival by the combination of tolerogenic immature dendritic cells and short-term treatment with FK506. 2013 Transplant. Proc. pmid:23769045
van den Berg AP et al. Prediction of the inhibition of IL-2 production by calcineurin inhibitors. 2001 Feb-Mar Transplant. Proc. pmid:11267197
Li Y et al. Long-term comparison of rat model of chronic allograft rejection of orthotopic small bowel transplantation induced by cyclosporine versus tacrolimus. 2013 Transplant. Proc. pmid:23769050
Liu W et al. Transfusion of endothelial cells with lentivirus-mediated expression of fas ligand prolonged survival of rat liver allograft. 2012 Transplant. Proc. pmid:22664023
Otto C et al. Selective immunosuppression with FK 506, anti-IL-2R, and anti-ICAM-1 monoclonal antibodies: contrasting effects after liver and small bowel transplantation in rats. 1998 Transplant. Proc. pmid:9723426
Chen H et al. Combined effect of rapamycin and FK 506 in prolongation of small bowel graft survival in the mouse. 1998 Transplant. Proc. pmid:9745497
Matevossian E et al. Nitric oxide inhibition and consecutive Aspisol application show a prolonged survival of orthotopic transplanted livers in a rat model. 2008 Transplant. Proc. pmid:18555092
Kanodia KV et al. Study of acute antibody-mediated rejection in renal allograft biopsies. 2008 Transplant. Proc. pmid:18555123
Ochiai T et al. Effects of FK-506 on xenotransplantation of the heart and skin in a mouse-rat combination. 1987 Transplant. Proc. pmid:2445083
Ott R et al. Does conversion of immunosuppressive monotherapy from cyclosporine A to tacrolimus improve bone mineral density in long-term stable liver transplant recipients? 2003 Transplant. Proc. pmid:14697971
Thomson AW et al. Influence of FK 506 on T lymphocytes, Langerhans' cells and the expression of cytokine receptors and adhesion molecules in psoriatic skin lesions: a preliminary study. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1721452
Mohsin N et al. Low tacrolimus dose requirements in renal transplant recipients in the omani population: implications for pharmacogenetics? 2005 Transplant. Proc. pmid:16213259
Treede H et al. Incidence and spectrum of infections in lung transplanted patients: comparison of four different immunosuppressive protocols. 2001 Feb-Mar Transplant. Proc. pmid:11267444
Jordan ML et al. Steroid withdrawal for pancreas transplants under tacrolimus immunosuppression. 2001 Feb-Mar Transplant. Proc. pmid:11267456
Chen H et al. FK 506 and rapamycin in combination are not antagonistic but produce extended small bowel graft survival in the mouse. 1998 Transplant. Proc. pmid:9636419
Li S et al. Intrathymic inoculation of donor bone marrow at the time of transplantation plus a short course of tacrolimus induce long-term acceptance to rat lung allografts. 1998 Transplant. Proc. pmid:9636431
Yoshimura R et al. A comparative study between cyclosporine and FK 506 effects on renal microsomal P-450. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1703686
Hartwig T et al. Low-dose sirolimus and tacrolimus in kidney transplantation: first results of a single-center experience. 2001 Nov-Dec Transplant. Proc. pmid:11750383