tacrolimus

Tacrolimus is a lipid of Polyketides (PK) class. Tacrolimus is associated with abnormalities such as Renal glomerular disease. The involved functions are known as inhibitors, Fungicidal activity, Metabolic Inhibition, Excretory function and Dephosphorylation. Tacrolimus often locates in Hepatic, Mitochondrial matrix and Inner mitochondrial membrane. The associated genes with Tacrolimus are RHOA gene and BGN gene.

Cross Reference

Introduction

To understand associated biological information of tacrolimus, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.

What diseases are associated with tacrolimus?

tacrolimus is suspected in Renal glomerular disease, Candidiasis, Mycoses, PARKINSON DISEASE, LATE-ONSET, Morphologically altered structure, Skin Diseases, Infectious and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.

Related references are mostly published in these journals:

Disease Cross reference Weighted score Related literature
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Possible diseases from mapped MeSH terms on references

We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with tacrolimus

MeSH term MeSH ID Detail
Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome D004416 1 associated lipids
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome D018636 1 associated lipids
Mite Infestations D008924 1 associated lipids
Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune D016884 1 associated lipids
Leukoplakia D007971 1 associated lipids
Fasciitis, Necrotizing D019115 1 associated lipids
Mediastinal Emphysema D008478 1 associated lipids
Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia D000796 1 associated lipids
Eye Infections, Viral D015828 1 associated lipids
Lichen Nitidus D017513 1 associated lipids
Lichenoid Eruptions D017512 1 associated lipids
Lymphocele D008210 1 associated lipids
Colitis, Collagenous D046729 1 associated lipids
Malacoplakia D008287 1 associated lipids
Myoclonic Cerebellar Dyssynergia D002527 1 associated lipids
Eye Diseases, Hereditary D015785 1 associated lipids
Feline Infectious Peritonitis D016766 1 associated lipids
Meningitis, Cryptococcal D016919 1 associated lipids
Oculomotor Nerve Diseases D015840 1 associated lipids
Cutis Laxa D003483 1 associated lipids
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis D055744 1 associated lipids
Intestinal Volvulus D045822 1 associated lipids
Hand Injuries D006230 1 associated lipids
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome D001506 1 associated lipids
IgG Deficiency D017099 1 associated lipids
Deltaretrovirus Infections D006800 1 associated lipids
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome D020065 1 associated lipids
Herpes Labialis D006560 1 associated lipids
End Stage Liver Disease D058625 1 associated lipids
Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome D020189 1 associated lipids
Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome D014607 1 associated lipids
Myelitis D009187 1 associated lipids
Pseudohypoaldosteronism D011546 1 associated lipids
Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Interdigitating D054739 1 associated lipids
Polymyositis D017285 1 associated lipids
Scorpion Stings D065008 1 associated lipids
Rotavirus Infections D012400 1 associated lipids
Netherton Syndrome D056770 1 associated lipids
Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease D006504 1 associated lipids
West Nile Fever D014901 1 associated lipids
Hypoalbuminemia D034141 1 associated lipids
Arm Injuries D001134 1 associated lipids
Intussusception D007443 1 associated lipids
Thrombotic Microangiopathies D057049 1 associated lipids
Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System D020274 1 associated lipids
Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid D008179 1 associated lipids
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis D008216 1 associated lipids
Erythroplasia D004919 1 associated lipids
Budd-Chiari Syndrome D006502 1 associated lipids
AIDS-Associated Nephropathy D016263 1 associated lipids
Oral Ulcer D019226 1 associated lipids
Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica D016108 1 associated lipids
Primary Graft Dysfunction D055031 1 associated lipids
Esophageal Perforation D004939 1 associated lipids
Epididymitis D004823 1 associated lipids
Pruritus Vulvae D011539 1 associated lipids
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy D056833 1 associated lipids
Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome D016181 1 associated lipids
Porokeratosis D017499 1 associated lipids
Lentigo D007911 1 associated lipids
Mutism D009155 1 associated lipids
Amyloid Neuropathies D017772 1 associated lipids
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia D018290 1 associated lipids
Migraine with Aura D020325 1 associated lipids
Flaviviridae Infections D018178 1 associated lipids
Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias D054988 1 associated lipids
Dysuria D053159 1 associated lipids
Denys-Drash Syndrome D030321 1 associated lipids
Akinetic Mutism D000405 1 associated lipids
Sleep Apnea, Central D020182 1 associated lipids
Orchitis D009920 1 associated lipids
Phyllodes Tumor D003557 1 associated lipids
Meningitis, Fungal D016921 1 associated lipids
Malocclusion, Angle Class II D008312 1 associated lipids
Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus D007724 1 associated lipids
Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive D002313 1 associated lipids
Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic D015493 1 associated lipids
Neurodermatitis D009450 1 associated lipids
Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome D054038 1 associated lipids
Ecthyma, Contagious D004474 1 associated lipids
Priapism D011317 1 associated lipids
Mediastinal Diseases D008477 1 associated lipids
Hypophosphatemia D017674 1 associated lipids
Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase D015466 1 associated lipids
Myelinolysis, Central Pontine D017590 1 associated lipids
Protoporphyria, Erythropoietic D046351 1 associated lipids
Smooth Muscle Tumor D018235 1 associated lipids
Coproporphyria, Hereditary D046349 1 associated lipids
Ichthyosiform Erythroderma, Congenital D016113 1 associated lipids
Panniculitis, Lupus Erythematosus D015435 1 associated lipids
Retrognathia D063173 1 associated lipids
Lacerations D022125 1 associated lipids
Megacolon, Toxic D008532 1 associated lipids
Tinea Capitis D014006 1 associated lipids
Digestive System Fistula D016154 1 associated lipids
Crigler-Najjar Syndrome D003414 1 associated lipids
Leukoplakia, Oral D007972 1 associated lipids
Peroneal Neuropathies D020427 1 associated lipids
Poxviridae Infections D011213 1 associated lipids
Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption D007617 1 associated lipids
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PubChem Associated disorders and diseases

What pathways are associated with tacrolimus

There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.

PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways

Link to PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways

What cellular locations are associated with tacrolimus?

Related references are published most in these journals:

Location Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures
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What functions are associated with tacrolimus?


Related references are published most in these journals:

Function Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures

What lipids are associated with tacrolimus?

Related references are published most in these journals:

Lipid concept Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures
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What genes are associated with tacrolimus?

Related references are published most in these journals:


Gene Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures

What common seen animal models are associated with tacrolimus?

There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.

NCBI Entrez Crosslinks

All references with tacrolimus

Download all related citations
Per page 10 20 50 100 | Total 15051
Authors Title Published Journal PubMed Link
Albano L et al. OSAKA trial: a randomized, controlled trial comparing tacrolimus QD and BD in kidney transplantation. 2013 Transplantation pmid:23982340
Troppmann C et al. Higher surgical wound complication rates with sirolimus immunosuppression after kidney transplantation: a matched-pair pilot study. 2003 Transplantation pmid:12883205
Therapondos G et al. Cardiac hypertrophy in liver transplant recipients: tacrolimus, cyclosporine or both? 2003 Transplantation pmid:12883220
Fredericks S et al. Multidrug resistance gene-1 (MDR-1) haplotypes have a minor influence on tacrolimus dose requirements. 2006 Transplantation pmid:16969296
Ogunseinde BA et al. A case of tacrolimus (FK506)-induced pancreatitis and fatality 2 years postcadaveric renal transplant. 2003 Transplantation pmid:12883222
Thomas J et al. The immunosuppressive action of FK506. In vitro induction of allogeneic unresponsiveness in human CTL precursors. 1990 Transplantation pmid:1689518
Marcos A et al. Use of alemtuzumab and tacrolimus monotherapy for cadaveric liver transplantation: with particular reference to hepatitis C virus. 2004 Transplantation pmid:15480160
Vathsala A et al. Analysis of the interactions of immunosuppressive drugs with cyclosporine in inhibiting DNA proliferation. 1990 Transplantation pmid:1689520
Gralla J and Wiseman AC Tacrolimus/sirolimus versus tacrolimus/mycophenolate in kidney transplantation: improved 3-year graft and patient survival in recent era. 2009 Transplantation pmid:19502965
Heeckt PF et al. Functional impairment of enteric smooth muscle and nerves caused by chronic intestinal allograft rejection regresses after FK506 rescue. 1995 Transplantation pmid:7530870
Lee D et al. Age and Early Graft Function Relate With Risk-Benefit Ratio of Allogenic Islet Transplantation Under Antithymocyte Globulin-Mycophenolate Mofetil-Tacrolimus Immune Suppression. 2017 Transplantation pmid:27779572
Gruessner RW et al. A prospective study of FK506 versus CsA and pig ATG in a porcine model of small bowel transplantation. 1995 Transplantation pmid:7530871
Jindal RM et al. Serum lipid changes in liver transplant recipients in a prospective trial of cyclosporine versus FK506. 1994 Transplantation pmid:7514317
Todo S et al. Abdominal multivisceral transplantation. 1995 Transplantation pmid:7530873
Boleslawski E et al. Defective inhibition of peripheral CD8+ T cell IL-2 production by anti-calcineurin drugs during acute liver allograft rejection. 2004 Transplantation pmid:15223897
Wozniak LJ et al. Donor-specific HLA Antibodies Are Associated With Late Allograft Dysfunction After Pediatric Liver Transplantation. 2015 Transplantation pmid:26038872
Fridell JA et al. Steroid withdrawal for pancreas after kidney transplantation in recipients on maintenance prednisone immunosuppression. 2006 Transplantation pmid:16906038
Hostettler KE et al. Cyclosporine A mediates fibroproliferation through epithelial cells. 2004 Transplantation pmid:15223908
Boldt A et al. The influence of immunosuppressive drugs on T- and B-cell apoptosis via p53-mediated pathway in vitro and in vivo. 2006 Transplantation pmid:16906043
Yang CW et al. Preconditioning with cyclosporine A or FK506 differentially regulates mitogen-activated protein kinase expression in rat kidneys with ischemia/reperfusion injury. 2003 Transplantation pmid:12544865
Kuypers DR et al. Maintenance immunosuppressive agents as risk factors for BK virus nephropathy: the need for true drug exposure measurements. 2010 Transplantation pmid:20555228
Reutzel-Selke A et al. Short-term immunosuppressive treatment of the donor ameliorates consequences of ischemia/ reperfusion injury and long-term graft function in renal allografts from older donors. 2003 Transplantation pmid:12811235
Gaber AO et al. Acute rejection characteristics from a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial of early corticosteroid withdrawal. 2013 Transplantation pmid:23423269
Molano RD et al. Long-term islet allograft survival in nonobese diabetic mice treated with tacrolimus, rapamycin, and anti-interleukin-2 antibody. 2003 Transplantation pmid:12811239
Guethoff S et al. Ten-year results of a randomized trial comparing tacrolimus versus cyclosporine a in combination with mycophenolate mofetil after heart transplantation. 2013 Transplantation pmid:23423270
Bilolo KK et al. Synergistic effects of malononitrilamides (FK778, FK779) with tacrolimus (FK506) in prevention of acute heart and kidney allograft rejection and reversal of ongoing heart allograft rejection in the rat. 2003 Transplantation pmid:12811249
Miyakoshi S et al. Tacrolimus as prophylaxis for acute graft-versus-host disease in reduced intensity cord blood transplantation for adult patients with advanced hematologic diseases. 2007 Transplantation pmid:17700155
Naesens M et al. The impact of renal allograft function on exposure and elimination of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and its metabolite MPA 7-O-glucuronide. 2007 Transplantation pmid:17700162
Huang E et al. Alemtuzumab induction in deceased donor kidney transplantation. 2007 Transplantation pmid:17984833
Kato T et al. Randomized trial of steroid-free induction versus corticosteroid maintenance among orthotopic liver transplant recipients with hepatitis C virus: impact on hepatic fibrosis progression at one year. 2007 Transplantation pmid:17984834
Jain A et al. Delayed introduction of tacrolimus postliver transplant with intravenous mycophenolate mofetil preserves renal function without incurring rejection. 2014 Transplantation pmid:25285953
Reese JC et al. The effect of FK506 on canine bile flow. 1993 Transplantation pmid:7504342
Utsugi R et al. Induction of transplantation tolerance with a short course of tacrolimus (FK506): I. Rapid and stable tolerance to two-haplotype fully mhc-mismatched kidney allografts in miniature swine. 2001 Transplantation pmid:11391221
Valdivia LA et al. Successful hamster-to-rat liver xenotransplantation under FK506 immunosuppression induces unresponsiveness to hamster heart and skin. 1993 Transplantation pmid:7681230
Shapiro R et al. A prospective randomized trial of FK506-based immunosuppression after renal transplantation. 1995 Transplantation pmid:7533343
Cox KL et al. An increased incidence of Epstein-Barr virus infection and lymphoproliferative disorder in young children on FK506 after liver transplantation. 1995 Transplantation pmid:7533344
Sakr M et al. The protective effect of FK506 pretreatment against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. 1992 Transplantation pmid:1374948
McDiarmid SV et al. FK506 (tacrolimus) compared with cyclosporine for primary immunosuppression after pediatric liver transplantation. Results from the U.S. Multicenter Trial. 1995 Transplantation pmid:7533345
Krentz AJ Posttransplantation Diabetes Mellitus in FK-506-Treated Renal Transplant Recipients: Analysis of Incidence and Risk Factors. Transplantation 2001; 72: 1655. 2001 Transplantation pmid:11726815
Jeske HC et al. Gemcitabine with cyclosporine or with tacrolimus exerts a synergistic effect and induces tolerance in the rat. 2003 Transplantation pmid:14557751
Gonwa TA et al. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) using calcineurin-based immunotherapy: risk of development and treatment. 2001 Transplantation pmid:11773892
Singh N et al. Pulmonary infections in liver transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus. Changing pattern of microbial etiologies. 1996 Transplantation pmid:8610349
Fisher RA et al. A prospective randomized trial of mycophenolate mofetil with neoral or tacrolimus after orthotopic liver transplantation. 1998 Transplantation pmid:9884248
Hill CC et al. Penile prosthesis surgery in the immunosuppressed patient. 1993 Transplantation pmid:7692633
Yanchar NL et al. Tacrolimus (FK506)--its effects on intestinal glucose transport. 1996 Transplantation pmid:8610392
Solez K et al. Histopathologic findings from 2-year protocol biopsies from a U.S. multicenter kidney transplant trial comparing tarolimus versus cyclosporine: a report of the FK506 Kidney Transplant Study Group. 1998 Transplantation pmid:9884269
Johansson A and Möller E Evidence that the immunosuppressive effects of FK506 and cyclosporine are identical. 1990 Transplantation pmid:1701570
Hariharan S et al. Rescue therapy with tacrolimus after combined kidney/pancreas and isolated pancreas transplantation in patients with severe cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. 1996 Transplantation pmid:8610411
Reyes J et al. Expressive dysphasia possibly related to FK506 in two liver transplant recipients. 1990 Transplantation pmid:1701571
Egidi MF and Gaber AO Outcomes of African-American kidney-transplant recipients treated with sirolimus, tacrolimus, and corticosteroids. 2003 Transplantation pmid:12605133
Thervet E et al. Impact of cytochrome p450 3A5 genetic polymorphism on tacrolimus doses and concentration-to-dose ratio in renal transplant recipients. 2003 Transplantation pmid:14578760
Ciancio G et al. Randomized trial of mycophenolate mofetil versus enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in primary renal transplantation with tacrolimus and steroid avoidance: four-year analysis. 2011 Transplantation pmid:21107305
Squifflet JP et al. Dose optimization of mycophenolate mofetil when administered with a low dose of tacrolimus in cadaveric renal transplant recipients. 2001 Transplantation pmid:11468536
Yu S et al. Influence of CYP3A5 gene polymorphisms of donor rather than recipient to tacrolimus individual dose requirement in liver transplantation. 2006 Transplantation pmid:16421475
Textor SC et al. Systemic and renal hemodynamic differences between FK506 and cyclosporine in liver transplant recipients. 1993 Transplantation pmid:7685934
Theruvath TP et al. Control of antidonor antibody production with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil in renal allograft recipients with chronic rejection. 2001 Transplantation pmid:11468538
Jurcevic S et al. A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure anti-endothelial antibodies after cardiac transplantation demonstrates greater inhibition of antibody formation by tacrolimus compared with cyclosporine. 1998 Transplantation pmid:9603168
Borrows R et al. Five years of steroid sparing in renal transplantation with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. 2006 Transplantation pmid:16421488
Kung L and Halloran PF Immunophilins may limit calcineurin inhibition by cyclosporine and tacrolimus at high drug concentrations. 2000 Transplantation pmid:10933159
Beatty PR et al. Effect of cyclosporine and tacrolimus on the growth of Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-cell lines. 1998 Transplantation pmid:9603175
Arzouk N et al. Interaction between tacrolimus and fumagillin in two kidney transplant recipients. 2006 Transplantation pmid:16421493
Zervos XA et al. Comparison of tacrolimus with microemulsion cyclosporine as primary immunosuppression in hepatitis C patients after liver transplantation. 1998 Transplantation pmid:9583863
Macphee IA et al. Tacrolimus pharmacogenetics: polymorphisms associated with expression of cytochrome p4503A5 and P-glycoprotein correlate with dose requirement. 2002 Transplantation pmid:12490779
Maes BD et al. Differences in gastric motor activity in renal transplant recipients treated with FK-506 versus cyclosporine. 1999 Transplantation pmid:10589943
Gruber SA et al. Initial results of solitary pancreas transplants performed without regard to donor/recipient HLA mismatching. 2000 Transplantation pmid:10933170
Shapiro R et al. Alopecia as a consequence of tacrolimus therapy. 1998 Transplantation pmid:9603186
Muraki T et al. Effects of cyclosporine and FK506 on in vitro high shear-induced platelet reactivity in rat and human non-anticoagulated blood. 1998 Transplantation pmid:9583878
Shapiro AM et al. Defining optimal immunosuppression for islet transplantation based on reduced diabetogenicity in canine islet autografts. 2002 Transplantation pmid:12490784
Fernandez LA et al. The effects of maintenance doses of FK506 versus cyclosporin A on glucose and lipid metabolism after orthotopic liver transplantation. 1999 Transplantation pmid:10589951
Mehra MR et al. Ethnic disparity in clinical outcome after heart transplantation is abrogated using tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil-based immunosuppression. 2002 Transplantation pmid:12490790
Kandula P et al. Impact of tacrolimus-sirolimus maintenance immunosuppression on proteinuria and kidney function in pancreas transplant alone recipients. 2012 Transplantation pmid:23037007
First MR et al. New-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT): an evaluation of definitions in clinical trials. 2013 Transplantation pmid:23619735
Andries S et al. Posttransplant immune hepatitis in pediatric liver transplant recipients: incidence and maintenance therapy with azathioprine. 2001 Transplantation pmid:11477351
Woodle ES et al. FK506: inhibition of humoral mechanisms of hepatic allograft rejection. 1992 Transplantation pmid:1379749
Taler SJ et al. Role of steroid dose in hypertension early after liver transplantation with tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporine. 1996 Transplantation pmid:8970613
Naesens M et al. Maturation of dose-corrected tacrolimus predose trough levels in pediatric kidney allograft recipients. 2008 Transplantation pmid:18431234
Dean PG et al. Kidney transplant histology after one year of continuous therapy with sirolimus compared with tacrolimus. 2008 Transplantation pmid:18431244
Shoji T et al. Operational tolerance to class I disparate lungs can be induced despite pretransplant immunization with class I allopeptides. 2007 Transplantation pmid:18091523
Rodriguez Rilo HL et al. Rapid hair regrowth in refractory alopecia universalis associated with autoimmune disease following liver transplantation and tacrolimus (FK506) therapy. 1995 Transplantation pmid:7539169
MacDonald AS Management strategies for nephrotoxicity. 2000 Transplantation pmid:10910262
Reyes J et al. Long-term results after conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus in pediatric liver transplantation for acute and chronic rejection. 2000 Transplantation pmid:10910279
Ko S et al. The enhanced immunosuppressive efficacy of newly developed liposomal FK506 in canine liver transplantation. 1995 Transplantation pmid:7539553
Holt S and Moore K Different effects of tacrolimus and cyclosporine on renal hemodynamics and blood pressure in healthy subjects. 2002 Transplantation pmid:11907407
Higgins RM et al. Conversion from tacrolimus to cyclosporine in stable renal transplant patients: safety, metabolic changes, and pharmacokinetic comparison. 2000 Transplantation pmid:10836393
Cantarovich D et al. Switching from cyclosporine to tacrolimus in patients with chronic transplant dysfunction or cyclosporine-induced adverse events. 2005 Transplantation pmid:15714172
Yamauchi A et al. Neurotoxicity induced by tacrolimus after liver transplantation: relation to genetic polymorphisms of the ABCB1 (MDR1) gene. 2002 Transplantation pmid:12352921
Nguyen L et al. Conversion from tacrolimus/mycophenolic acid to tacrolimus/leflunomide to treat cutaneous warts in a series of four pediatric renal allograft recipients. 2012 Transplantation pmid:22960763
Vafadari R et al. Pharmacodynamic analysis of tofacitinib and basiliximab in kidney allograft recipients. 2012 Transplantation pmid:22960764
Thomas PG et al. Alemtuzumab (Campath 1H) induction with tacrolimus monotherapy is safe for high immunological risk renal transplantation. 2007 Transplantation pmid:17565326
Nankivell BJ et al. Oral cyclosporine but not tacrolimus reduces renal transplant blood flow. 2004 Transplantation pmid:15167607
Peng Y et al. Donor-derived mesenchymal stem cells combined with low-dose tacrolimus prevent acute rejection after renal transplantation: a clinical pilot study. 2013 Transplantation pmid:23263506
Kuypers DR et al. Improved adherence to tacrolimus once-daily formulation in renal recipients: a randomized controlled trial using electronic monitoring. 2013 Transplantation pmid:23263559
Ellis D et al. Phospholipase-C and Na-K ATPase activation by cyclosporine and FK506 in LLC-PK1, cells. Possible implications in blood pressure regulation. 1991 Transplantation pmid:1714643
Shapiro R et al. Tacrolimus in pediatric renal transplantation. 1996 Transplantation pmid:8990356
Przepiorka D et al. Allogeneic transplantation for advanced leukemia: improved short-term outcome with blood stem cell grafts and tacrolimus. 1996 Transplantation pmid:8990368
White M et al. Subclinical inflammation and prothrombotic state in heart transplant recipients: impact of cyclosporin microemulsion vs. tacrolimus. 2006 Transplantation pmid:17006323
Wissing KM et al. Effect of atorvastatin therapy and conversion to tacrolimus on hypercholesterolemia and endothelial dysfunction after renal transplantation. 2006 Transplantation pmid:17006324
Gruessner RW et al. Over 500 solitary pancreas transplants in nonuremic patients with brittle diabetes mellitus. 2008 Transplantation pmid:18192910
Foster RD et al. Long-term acceptance of composite tissue allografts through mixed chimerism and CD28 blockade. 2003 Transplantation pmid:14508367
Langrehr JM et al. Clinical course, morphology, and treatment of chronically rejecting small bowel allografts. 1993 Transplantation pmid:7679526