tacrolimus

Tacrolimus is a lipid of Polyketides (PK) class. Tacrolimus is associated with abnormalities such as Renal glomerular disease. The involved functions are known as inhibitors, Fungicidal activity, Metabolic Inhibition, Excretory function and Dephosphorylation. Tacrolimus often locates in Hepatic, Mitochondrial matrix and Inner mitochondrial membrane. The associated genes with Tacrolimus are RHOA gene and BGN gene.

Cross Reference

Introduction

To understand associated biological information of tacrolimus, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.

What diseases are associated with tacrolimus?

tacrolimus is suspected in Renal glomerular disease, Candidiasis, Mycoses, PARKINSON DISEASE, LATE-ONSET, Morphologically altered structure, Skin Diseases, Infectious and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.

Related references are mostly published in these journals:

Disease Cross reference Weighted score Related literature
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Possible diseases from mapped MeSH terms on references

We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with tacrolimus

MeSH term MeSH ID Detail
Fibroadenoma D018226 2 associated lipids
Cardiovirus Infections D018188 3 associated lipids
Flaviviridae Infections D018178 1 associated lipids
Glucose Intolerance D018149 13 associated lipids
Amyloid Neuropathies D017772 1 associated lipids
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis D017726 2 associated lipids
Lichen Planus, Oral D017676 2 associated lipids
Hypophosphatemia D017674 1 associated lipids
Myelinolysis, Central Pontine D017590 1 associated lipids
Lung Diseases, Interstitial D017563 5 associated lipids
Mucinoses D017520 2 associated lipids
Pityriasis Lichenoides D017514 2 associated lipids
Lichen Nitidus D017513 1 associated lipids
Lichenoid Eruptions D017512 1 associated lipids
Pyoderma Gangrenosum D017511 3 associated lipids
Porokeratosis D017499 1 associated lipids
Hidradenitis Suppurativa D017497 2 associated lipids
Hypopigmentation D017496 2 associated lipids
Hyperpigmentation D017495 11 associated lipids
Acneiform Eruptions D017486 3 associated lipids
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact D017449 20 associated lipids
Skin Diseases, Papulosquamous D017444 2 associated lipids
Cicatrix, Hypertrophic D017439 4 associated lipids
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular D017379 12 associated lipids
Polymyositis D017285 1 associated lipids
Skin Diseases, Viral D017193 2 associated lipids
Skin Diseases, Bacterial D017192 8 associated lipids
Tachycardia, Ventricular D017180 9 associated lipids
Liver Failure, Acute D017114 11 associated lipids
IgG Deficiency D017099 1 associated lipids
IgA Deficiency D017098 2 associated lipids
Liver Failure D017093 5 associated lipids
Meningitis, Fungal D016921 1 associated lipids
Meningitis, Cryptococcal D016919 1 associated lipids
Arthritis, Reactive D016918 3 associated lipids
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections D016905 16 associated lipids
Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune D016884 1 associated lipids
Feline Infectious Peritonitis D016766 1 associated lipids
Still's Disease, Adult-Onset D016706 2 associated lipids
Critical Illness D016638 13 associated lipids
Neoplasms, Second Primary D016609 4 associated lipids
Foot Ulcer D016523 4 associated lipids
Pemphigus, Benign Familial D016506 3 associated lipids
Fungemia D016469 2 associated lipids
Sweet Syndrome D016463 1 associated lipids
Granuloma Annulare D016460 1 associated lipids
Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous D016410 4 associated lipids
Lymphoma, T-Cell D016399 11 associated lipids
Lymphoma, B-Cell D016393 24 associated lipids
Alveolar Bone Loss D016301 10 associated lipids
AIDS-Associated Nephropathy D016263 1 associated lipids
Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome D016181 1 associated lipids
Digestive System Fistula D016154 1 associated lipids
Ichthyosiform Erythroderma, Congenital D016113 1 associated lipids
Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica D016108 1 associated lipids
Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome D016097 4 associated lipids
Uveitis, Intermediate D015867 3 associated lipids
Uveitis, Posterior D015866 5 associated lipids
Oculomotor Nerve Diseases D015840 1 associated lipids
Vestibular Diseases D015837 2 associated lipids
Ocular Motility Disorders D015835 2 associated lipids
Eye Infections, Viral D015828 1 associated lipids
Eye Infections, Fungal D015821 2 associated lipids
Eye Diseases, Hereditary D015785 1 associated lipids
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal D015663 4 associated lipids
HIV Infections D015658 20 associated lipids
Histiocytosis D015614 2 associated lipids
Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic D015493 1 associated lipids
Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase D015466 1 associated lipids
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive D015464 17 associated lipids
Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell D015459 25 associated lipids
Leukemia, T-Cell D015458 23 associated lipids
Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute D015456 2 associated lipids
Leprosy, Borderline D015439 3 associated lipids
Panniculitis, Lupus Erythematosus D015435 1 associated lipids
Glomerulonephritis, Membranous D015433 6 associated lipids
Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative D015432 3 associated lipids
Weight Loss D015431 56 associated lipids
Weight Gain D015430 101 associated lipids
Reperfusion Injury D015427 65 associated lipids
Scleritis D015423 3 associated lipids
Dry Eye Syndromes D015352 10 associated lipids
Discitis D015299 2 associated lipids
Tumor Lysis Syndrome D015275 2 associated lipids
Churg-Strauss Syndrome D015267 2 associated lipids
Carcinoma, Merkel Cell D015266 2 associated lipids
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases D015212 9 associated lipids
Cholangitis, Sclerosing D015209 1 associated lipids
Dementia, Vascular D015140 7 associated lipids
Wounds, Stab D014951 3 associated lipids
West Nile Fever D014901 1 associated lipids
Vomiting D014839 21 associated lipids
Vitiligo D014820 2 associated lipids
Vision Disorders D014786 10 associated lipids
Viremia D014766 4 associated lipids
Venous Insufficiency D014689 2 associated lipids
Vasculitis D014657 14 associated lipids
Vascular Diseases D014652 16 associated lipids
Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome D014607 1 associated lipids
Uveitis, Anterior D014606 11 associated lipids
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PubChem Associated disorders and diseases

What pathways are associated with tacrolimus

There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.

PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways

Link to PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways

What cellular locations are associated with tacrolimus?

Related references are published most in these journals:

Location Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures
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What functions are associated with tacrolimus?


Related references are published most in these journals:

Function Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures

What lipids are associated with tacrolimus?

Related references are published most in these journals:

Lipid concept Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures
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What genes are associated with tacrolimus?

Related references are published most in these journals:


Gene Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures

What common seen animal models are associated with tacrolimus?

There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.

NCBI Entrez Crosslinks

All references with tacrolimus

Download all related citations
Per page 10 20 50 100 | Total 15051
Authors Title Published Journal PubMed Link
Albano L et al. OSAKA trial: a randomized, controlled trial comparing tacrolimus QD and BD in kidney transplantation. 2013 Transplantation pmid:23982340
Troppmann C et al. Higher surgical wound complication rates with sirolimus immunosuppression after kidney transplantation: a matched-pair pilot study. 2003 Transplantation pmid:12883205
Therapondos G et al. Cardiac hypertrophy in liver transplant recipients: tacrolimus, cyclosporine or both? 2003 Transplantation pmid:12883220
Fredericks S et al. Multidrug resistance gene-1 (MDR-1) haplotypes have a minor influence on tacrolimus dose requirements. 2006 Transplantation pmid:16969296
Ogunseinde BA et al. A case of tacrolimus (FK506)-induced pancreatitis and fatality 2 years postcadaveric renal transplant. 2003 Transplantation pmid:12883222
Thomas J et al. The immunosuppressive action of FK506. In vitro induction of allogeneic unresponsiveness in human CTL precursors. 1990 Transplantation pmid:1689518
Marcos A et al. Use of alemtuzumab and tacrolimus monotherapy for cadaveric liver transplantation: with particular reference to hepatitis C virus. 2004 Transplantation pmid:15480160
Vathsala A et al. Analysis of the interactions of immunosuppressive drugs with cyclosporine in inhibiting DNA proliferation. 1990 Transplantation pmid:1689520
Gralla J and Wiseman AC Tacrolimus/sirolimus versus tacrolimus/mycophenolate in kidney transplantation: improved 3-year graft and patient survival in recent era. 2009 Transplantation pmid:19502965
Heeckt PF et al. Functional impairment of enteric smooth muscle and nerves caused by chronic intestinal allograft rejection regresses after FK506 rescue. 1995 Transplantation pmid:7530870
Lee D et al. Age and Early Graft Function Relate With Risk-Benefit Ratio of Allogenic Islet Transplantation Under Antithymocyte Globulin-Mycophenolate Mofetil-Tacrolimus Immune Suppression. 2017 Transplantation pmid:27779572
Gruessner RW et al. A prospective study of FK506 versus CsA and pig ATG in a porcine model of small bowel transplantation. 1995 Transplantation pmid:7530871
Jindal RM et al. Serum lipid changes in liver transplant recipients in a prospective trial of cyclosporine versus FK506. 1994 Transplantation pmid:7514317
Todo S et al. Abdominal multivisceral transplantation. 1995 Transplantation pmid:7530873
Boleslawski E et al. Defective inhibition of peripheral CD8+ T cell IL-2 production by anti-calcineurin drugs during acute liver allograft rejection. 2004 Transplantation pmid:15223897
Wozniak LJ et al. Donor-specific HLA Antibodies Are Associated With Late Allograft Dysfunction After Pediatric Liver Transplantation. 2015 Transplantation pmid:26038872
Fridell JA et al. Steroid withdrawal for pancreas after kidney transplantation in recipients on maintenance prednisone immunosuppression. 2006 Transplantation pmid:16906038
Hostettler KE et al. Cyclosporine A mediates fibroproliferation through epithelial cells. 2004 Transplantation pmid:15223908
Boldt A et al. The influence of immunosuppressive drugs on T- and B-cell apoptosis via p53-mediated pathway in vitro and in vivo. 2006 Transplantation pmid:16906043
Yang CW et al. Preconditioning with cyclosporine A or FK506 differentially regulates mitogen-activated protein kinase expression in rat kidneys with ischemia/reperfusion injury. 2003 Transplantation pmid:12544865
Kuypers DR et al. Maintenance immunosuppressive agents as risk factors for BK virus nephropathy: the need for true drug exposure measurements. 2010 Transplantation pmid:20555228
Reutzel-Selke A et al. Short-term immunosuppressive treatment of the donor ameliorates consequences of ischemia/ reperfusion injury and long-term graft function in renal allografts from older donors. 2003 Transplantation pmid:12811235
Gaber AO et al. Acute rejection characteristics from a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial of early corticosteroid withdrawal. 2013 Transplantation pmid:23423269
Molano RD et al. Long-term islet allograft survival in nonobese diabetic mice treated with tacrolimus, rapamycin, and anti-interleukin-2 antibody. 2003 Transplantation pmid:12811239
Guethoff S et al. Ten-year results of a randomized trial comparing tacrolimus versus cyclosporine a in combination with mycophenolate mofetil after heart transplantation. 2013 Transplantation pmid:23423270
Bilolo KK et al. Synergistic effects of malononitrilamides (FK778, FK779) with tacrolimus (FK506) in prevention of acute heart and kidney allograft rejection and reversal of ongoing heart allograft rejection in the rat. 2003 Transplantation pmid:12811249
Miyakoshi S et al. Tacrolimus as prophylaxis for acute graft-versus-host disease in reduced intensity cord blood transplantation for adult patients with advanced hematologic diseases. 2007 Transplantation pmid:17700155
Naesens M et al. The impact of renal allograft function on exposure and elimination of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and its metabolite MPA 7-O-glucuronide. 2007 Transplantation pmid:17700162
Huang E et al. Alemtuzumab induction in deceased donor kidney transplantation. 2007 Transplantation pmid:17984833
Kato T et al. Randomized trial of steroid-free induction versus corticosteroid maintenance among orthotopic liver transplant recipients with hepatitis C virus: impact on hepatic fibrosis progression at one year. 2007 Transplantation pmid:17984834
Jain A et al. Delayed introduction of tacrolimus postliver transplant with intravenous mycophenolate mofetil preserves renal function without incurring rejection. 2014 Transplantation pmid:25285953
Reese JC et al. The effect of FK506 on canine bile flow. 1993 Transplantation pmid:7504342
Utsugi R et al. Induction of transplantation tolerance with a short course of tacrolimus (FK506): I. Rapid and stable tolerance to two-haplotype fully mhc-mismatched kidney allografts in miniature swine. 2001 Transplantation pmid:11391221
Valdivia LA et al. Successful hamster-to-rat liver xenotransplantation under FK506 immunosuppression induces unresponsiveness to hamster heart and skin. 1993 Transplantation pmid:7681230
Shapiro R et al. A prospective randomized trial of FK506-based immunosuppression after renal transplantation. 1995 Transplantation pmid:7533343
Cox KL et al. An increased incidence of Epstein-Barr virus infection and lymphoproliferative disorder in young children on FK506 after liver transplantation. 1995 Transplantation pmid:7533344
Sakr M et al. The protective effect of FK506 pretreatment against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. 1992 Transplantation pmid:1374948
McDiarmid SV et al. FK506 (tacrolimus) compared with cyclosporine for primary immunosuppression after pediatric liver transplantation. Results from the U.S. Multicenter Trial. 1995 Transplantation pmid:7533345
Krentz AJ Posttransplantation Diabetes Mellitus in FK-506-Treated Renal Transplant Recipients: Analysis of Incidence and Risk Factors. Transplantation 2001; 72: 1655. 2001 Transplantation pmid:11726815
Jeske HC et al. Gemcitabine with cyclosporine or with tacrolimus exerts a synergistic effect and induces tolerance in the rat. 2003 Transplantation pmid:14557751
Muthukumar T et al. HIV-infected kidney graft recipients managed with an early corticosteroid withdrawal protocol: clinical outcomes and messenger RNA profiles. 2013 Transplantation pmid:23503504
Gonwa TA et al. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) using calcineurin-based immunotherapy: risk of development and treatment. 2001 Transplantation pmid:11773892
Singh N et al. Pulmonary infections in liver transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus. Changing pattern of microbial etiologies. 1996 Transplantation pmid:8610349
Fisher RA et al. A prospective randomized trial of mycophenolate mofetil with neoral or tacrolimus after orthotopic liver transplantation. 1998 Transplantation pmid:9884248
Hill CC et al. Penile prosthesis surgery in the immunosuppressed patient. 1993 Transplantation pmid:7692633
Yanchar NL et al. Tacrolimus (FK506)--its effects on intestinal glucose transport. 1996 Transplantation pmid:8610392
Solez K et al. Histopathologic findings from 2-year protocol biopsies from a U.S. multicenter kidney transplant trial comparing tarolimus versus cyclosporine: a report of the FK506 Kidney Transplant Study Group. 1998 Transplantation pmid:9884269
Johansson A and Möller E Evidence that the immunosuppressive effects of FK506 and cyclosporine are identical. 1990 Transplantation pmid:1701570
Hariharan S et al. Rescue therapy with tacrolimus after combined kidney/pancreas and isolated pancreas transplantation in patients with severe cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. 1996 Transplantation pmid:8610411
Reyes J et al. Expressive dysphasia possibly related to FK506 in two liver transplant recipients. 1990 Transplantation pmid:1701571
Egidi MF and Gaber AO Outcomes of African-American kidney-transplant recipients treated with sirolimus, tacrolimus, and corticosteroids. 2003 Transplantation pmid:12605133
Thervet E et al. Impact of cytochrome p450 3A5 genetic polymorphism on tacrolimus doses and concentration-to-dose ratio in renal transplant recipients. 2003 Transplantation pmid:14578760
Ciancio G et al. Randomized trial of mycophenolate mofetil versus enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium in primary renal transplantation with tacrolimus and steroid avoidance: four-year analysis. 2011 Transplantation pmid:21107305
Squifflet JP et al. Dose optimization of mycophenolate mofetil when administered with a low dose of tacrolimus in cadaveric renal transplant recipients. 2001 Transplantation pmid:11468536
Yu S et al. Influence of CYP3A5 gene polymorphisms of donor rather than recipient to tacrolimus individual dose requirement in liver transplantation. 2006 Transplantation pmid:16421475
Textor SC et al. Systemic and renal hemodynamic differences between FK506 and cyclosporine in liver transplant recipients. 1993 Transplantation pmid:7685934
Theruvath TP et al. Control of antidonor antibody production with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil in renal allograft recipients with chronic rejection. 2001 Transplantation pmid:11468538
Jurcevic S et al. A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure anti-endothelial antibodies after cardiac transplantation demonstrates greater inhibition of antibody formation by tacrolimus compared with cyclosporine. 1998 Transplantation pmid:9603168
Borrows R et al. Five years of steroid sparing in renal transplantation with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. 2006 Transplantation pmid:16421488
Kung L and Halloran PF Immunophilins may limit calcineurin inhibition by cyclosporine and tacrolimus at high drug concentrations. 2000 Transplantation pmid:10933159
Beatty PR et al. Effect of cyclosporine and tacrolimus on the growth of Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-cell lines. 1998 Transplantation pmid:9603175
Arzouk N et al. Interaction between tacrolimus and fumagillin in two kidney transplant recipients. 2006 Transplantation pmid:16421493
Zervos XA et al. Comparison of tacrolimus with microemulsion cyclosporine as primary immunosuppression in hepatitis C patients after liver transplantation. 1998 Transplantation pmid:9583863
Maes BD et al. Differences in gastric motor activity in renal transplant recipients treated with FK-506 versus cyclosporine. 1999 Transplantation pmid:10589943
Gruber SA et al. Initial results of solitary pancreas transplants performed without regard to donor/recipient HLA mismatching. 2000 Transplantation pmid:10933170
Shapiro R et al. Alopecia as a consequence of tacrolimus therapy. 1998 Transplantation pmid:9603186
Muraki T et al. Effects of cyclosporine and FK506 on in vitro high shear-induced platelet reactivity in rat and human non-anticoagulated blood. 1998 Transplantation pmid:9583878
Shapiro AM et al. Defining optimal immunosuppression for islet transplantation based on reduced diabetogenicity in canine islet autografts. 2002 Transplantation pmid:12490784
Fernandez LA et al. The effects of maintenance doses of FK506 versus cyclosporin A on glucose and lipid metabolism after orthotopic liver transplantation. 1999 Transplantation pmid:10589951
Mehra MR et al. Ethnic disparity in clinical outcome after heart transplantation is abrogated using tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil-based immunosuppression. 2002 Transplantation pmid:12490790
Kandula P et al. Impact of tacrolimus-sirolimus maintenance immunosuppression on proteinuria and kidney function in pancreas transplant alone recipients. 2012 Transplantation pmid:23037007
First MR et al. New-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT): an evaluation of definitions in clinical trials. 2013 Transplantation pmid:23619735
Andries S et al. Posttransplant immune hepatitis in pediatric liver transplant recipients: incidence and maintenance therapy with azathioprine. 2001 Transplantation pmid:11477351
Woodle ES et al. FK506: inhibition of humoral mechanisms of hepatic allograft rejection. 1992 Transplantation pmid:1379749
Taler SJ et al. Role of steroid dose in hypertension early after liver transplantation with tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporine. 1996 Transplantation pmid:8970613
Naesens M et al. Maturation of dose-corrected tacrolimus predose trough levels in pediatric kidney allograft recipients. 2008 Transplantation pmid:18431234
Dean PG et al. Kidney transplant histology after one year of continuous therapy with sirolimus compared with tacrolimus. 2008 Transplantation pmid:18431244
Shoji T et al. Operational tolerance to class I disparate lungs can be induced despite pretransplant immunization with class I allopeptides. 2007 Transplantation pmid:18091523
Rodriguez Rilo HL et al. Rapid hair regrowth in refractory alopecia universalis associated with autoimmune disease following liver transplantation and tacrolimus (FK506) therapy. 1995 Transplantation pmid:7539169
MacDonald AS Management strategies for nephrotoxicity. 2000 Transplantation pmid:10910262
Reyes J et al. Long-term results after conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus in pediatric liver transplantation for acute and chronic rejection. 2000 Transplantation pmid:10910279
Ko S et al. The enhanced immunosuppressive efficacy of newly developed liposomal FK506 in canine liver transplantation. 1995 Transplantation pmid:7539553
Holt S and Moore K Different effects of tacrolimus and cyclosporine on renal hemodynamics and blood pressure in healthy subjects. 2002 Transplantation pmid:11907407
Higgins RM et al. Conversion from tacrolimus to cyclosporine in stable renal transplant patients: safety, metabolic changes, and pharmacokinetic comparison. 2000 Transplantation pmid:10836393
Garton T Nefazodone and cyp450 3a4 interactions with cyclosporine and tacrolimus1. 2002 Transplantation pmid:12352898
Cantarovich D et al. Switching from cyclosporine to tacrolimus in patients with chronic transplant dysfunction or cyclosporine-induced adverse events. 2005 Transplantation pmid:15714172
Yamauchi A et al. Neurotoxicity induced by tacrolimus after liver transplantation: relation to genetic polymorphisms of the ABCB1 (MDR1) gene. 2002 Transplantation pmid:12352921
Nguyen L et al. Conversion from tacrolimus/mycophenolic acid to tacrolimus/leflunomide to treat cutaneous warts in a series of four pediatric renal allograft recipients. 2012 Transplantation pmid:22960763
Vafadari R et al. Pharmacodynamic analysis of tofacitinib and basiliximab in kidney allograft recipients. 2012 Transplantation pmid:22960764
Thomas PG et al. Alemtuzumab (Campath 1H) induction with tacrolimus monotherapy is safe for high immunological risk renal transplantation. 2007 Transplantation pmid:17565326
Nankivell BJ et al. Oral cyclosporine but not tacrolimus reduces renal transplant blood flow. 2004 Transplantation pmid:15167607
Peng Y et al. Donor-derived mesenchymal stem cells combined with low-dose tacrolimus prevent acute rejection after renal transplantation: a clinical pilot study. 2013 Transplantation pmid:23263506
Kuypers DR et al. Improved adherence to tacrolimus once-daily formulation in renal recipients: a randomized controlled trial using electronic monitoring. 2013 Transplantation pmid:23263559
Ellis D et al. Phospholipase-C and Na-K ATPase activation by cyclosporine and FK506 in LLC-PK1, cells. Possible implications in blood pressure regulation. 1991 Transplantation pmid:1714643
Shapiro R et al. Tacrolimus in pediatric renal transplantation. 1996 Transplantation pmid:8990356
Przepiorka D et al. Allogeneic transplantation for advanced leukemia: improved short-term outcome with blood stem cell grafts and tacrolimus. 1996 Transplantation pmid:8990368
White M et al. Subclinical inflammation and prothrombotic state in heart transplant recipients: impact of cyclosporin microemulsion vs. tacrolimus. 2006 Transplantation pmid:17006323
Wissing KM et al. Effect of atorvastatin therapy and conversion to tacrolimus on hypercholesterolemia and endothelial dysfunction after renal transplantation. 2006 Transplantation pmid:17006324
Foster RD et al. Long-term acceptance of composite tissue allografts through mixed chimerism and CD28 blockade. 2003 Transplantation pmid:14508367
Langrehr JM et al. Clinical course, morphology, and treatment of chronically rejecting small bowel allografts. 1993 Transplantation pmid:7679526