tacrolimus

Tacrolimus is a lipid of Polyketides (PK) class. Tacrolimus is associated with abnormalities such as Renal glomerular disease. The involved functions are known as inhibitors, Fungicidal activity, Metabolic Inhibition, Excretory function and Dephosphorylation. Tacrolimus often locates in Hepatic, Mitochondrial matrix and Inner mitochondrial membrane. The associated genes with Tacrolimus are RHOA gene and BGN gene.

Cross Reference

Introduction

To understand associated biological information of tacrolimus, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.

What diseases are associated with tacrolimus?

tacrolimus is suspected in Renal glomerular disease, Candidiasis, Mycoses, PARKINSON DISEASE, LATE-ONSET, Morphologically altered structure, Skin Diseases, Infectious and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.

Related references are mostly published in these journals:

Disease Cross reference Weighted score Related literature
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Possible diseases from mapped MeSH terms on references

We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with tacrolimus

MeSH term MeSH ID Detail
Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome D014607 1 associated lipids
Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid D008179 1 associated lipids
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia D018290 1 associated lipids
Cardiovirus Infections D018188 3 associated lipids
Fungemia D016469 2 associated lipids
Legionellosis D007876 3 associated lipids
Lung Abscess D008169 1 associated lipids
IgA Deficiency D017098 2 associated lipids
IgG Deficiency D017099 1 associated lipids
Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease D006504 1 associated lipids
Alopecia Areata D000506 6 associated lipids
Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts D000754 2 associated lipids
Hepatitis, Autoimmune D019693 1 associated lipids
Intestinal Fistula D007412 1 associated lipids
Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune D016884 1 associated lipids
Meningitis, Cryptococcal D016919 1 associated lipids
Polymyositis D017285 1 associated lipids
Uveitis, Posterior D015866 5 associated lipids
Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure D012010 4 associated lipids
Smooth Muscle Tumor D018235 1 associated lipids
Blepharitis D001762 4 associated lipids
Hearing Loss, Sudden D003639 1 associated lipids
Trichomonas Vaginitis D014247 2 associated lipids
Hypopigmentation D017496 2 associated lipids
Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane D010390 4 associated lipids
Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome D016181 1 associated lipids
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia D018549 3 associated lipids
Amputation, Traumatic D000673 2 associated lipids
Erythema Nodosum D004893 5 associated lipids
Sweet Syndrome D016463 1 associated lipids
Pyoderma Gangrenosum D017511 3 associated lipids
Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental D020721 3 associated lipids
Deglutition Disorders D003680 2 associated lipids
Oral Ulcer D019226 1 associated lipids
Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy D007119 2 associated lipids
Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase D015466 1 associated lipids
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous D008178 2 associated lipids
Dental Enamel Hypoplasia D003744 2 associated lipids
Fasciitis, Necrotizing D019115 1 associated lipids
Cutis Laxa D003483 1 associated lipids
Rotavirus Infections D012400 1 associated lipids
Epididymitis D004823 1 associated lipids
Orchitis D009920 1 associated lipids
Ichthyosiform Erythroderma, Congenital D016113 1 associated lipids
Polyomavirus Infections D027601 1 associated lipids
Citrullinemia D020159 1 associated lipids
Eye Infections, Viral D015828 1 associated lipids
Hand Injuries D006230 1 associated lipids
Pseudohypoaldosteronism D011546 1 associated lipids
Lichen Planus, Oral D017676 2 associated lipids
Flaviviridae Infections D018178 1 associated lipids
Megacolon, Toxic D008532 1 associated lipids
Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus D018459 2 associated lipids
Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute D015456 2 associated lipids
Lichenoid Eruptions D017512 1 associated lipids
Herpes Labialis D006560 1 associated lipids
Pemphigus D010392 3 associated lipids
Mutism D009155 1 associated lipids
Neurodermatitis D009450 1 associated lipids
Leukoplakia, Oral D007972 1 associated lipids
Hypertensive Encephalopathy D020343 1 associated lipids
Skin Diseases, Viral D017193 2 associated lipids
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis D017726 2 associated lipids
Rectal Fistula D012003 2 associated lipids
Vestibular Diseases D015837 2 associated lipids
Intestinal Atresia D007409 3 associated lipids
Priapism D011317 1 associated lipids
Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption D007617 1 associated lipids
Echinostomiasis D004451 1 associated lipids
Respiratory Tract Neoplasms D012142 2 associated lipids
Trichomonas Infections D014245 3 associated lipids
Deltaretrovirus Infections D006800 1 associated lipids
West Nile Fever D014901 1 associated lipids
Foot Ulcer D016523 4 associated lipids
Fibroadenoma D018226 2 associated lipids
Tinea Capitis D014006 1 associated lipids
Pancreatic Fistula D010185 2 associated lipids
Facial Nerve Injuries D020220 1 associated lipids
Lymphocele D008210 1 associated lipids
End Stage Liver Disease D058625 1 associated lipids
Thrombotic Microangiopathies D057049 1 associated lipids
Angiofibroma D018322 2 associated lipids
Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome D054038 1 associated lipids
Peroneal Neuropathies D020427 1 associated lipids
Hearing Loss, Bilateral D006312 1 associated lipids
Cheilitis D002613 2 associated lipids
Still's Disease, Adult-Onset D016706 2 associated lipids
Hidradenitis Suppurativa D017497 2 associated lipids
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis D008216 1 associated lipids
Necrobiosis Lipoidica D009335 2 associated lipids
Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus D007724 1 associated lipids
Neuromyelitis Optica D009471 2 associated lipids
Optic Neuritis D009902 1 associated lipids
Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome D004416 1 associated lipids
Epidermolysis Bullosa D004820 3 associated lipids
Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Interdigitating D054739 1 associated lipids
Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica D016108 1 associated lipids
Churg-Strauss Syndrome D015267 2 associated lipids
Myelinolysis, Central Pontine D017590 1 associated lipids
Balanitis D001446 4 associated lipids
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PubChem Associated disorders and diseases

What pathways are associated with tacrolimus

There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.

PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways

Link to PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways

What cellular locations are associated with tacrolimus?

Related references are published most in these journals:

Location Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures
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What functions are associated with tacrolimus?


Related references are published most in these journals:

Function Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures

What lipids are associated with tacrolimus?

Related references are published most in these journals:

Lipid concept Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures
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What genes are associated with tacrolimus?

Related references are published most in these journals:


Gene Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures

What common seen animal models are associated with tacrolimus?

There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.

NCBI Entrez Crosslinks

All references with tacrolimus

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Per page 10 20 50 100 | Total 15051
Authors Title Published Journal PubMed Link
Doi R et al. Biochemical characterization of the effects of FK506 on signal transduction in exocytotic function of rat pancreatic acini. 1993 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. pmid:7679738
Propper DJ et al. Effects of the immunosuppressive macrolides rapamycin and FK 506 in high responder rats presensitized to major histocompatibility complex antigens. 1993 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7679837
Stock PG et al. Standard sequential immunosuppression with Minnesota antilymphoblast globulin and cyclosporine vs FK 506: a comparison of early nephrotoxicity. 1993 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7679838
Tabasco-Minguillan J et al. Long-term insulin requirement after liver transplantation with FK 506 in American veterans. 1993 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7679839
Klintmalm GB et al. Use of Prograf (FK 506) as rescue therapy for refractory rejection after liver transplantation. US Multicenter FK 506 Liver Study Group. 1993 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7679840
Gunji Y et al. Pathologic characteristics of vasculitis in renal transplant recipient dogs receiving immunosuppressive agents, FK 506, rapamycin, or RS-61443. 1993 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7679841
Gregory CR et al. Effects of treatment with cyclosporine, FK 506, rapamycin, mycophenolic acid, or deoxyspergualin on vascular muscle proliferation in vitro and in vivo. 1993 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7679842
Zeevi A et al. Comparative in vitro studies on the immunosuppressive effects of purine and pyrimidine synthesis inhibitors. 1993 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7679843
Inoue T et al. Isolation of mitochondrial cyclophilin from bovine heart. 1993 Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. pmid:7679902
Krentz AJ et al. Metabolic effects of cyclosporin A and FK 506 in liver transplant recipients. 1993 Diabetes pmid:7694879
Jayaraman T and Marks AR Rapamycin-FKBP12 blocks proliferation, induces differentiation, and inhibits cdc2 kinase activity in a myogenic cell line. 1993 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:7503980
D'Ambrosio R et al. Validation and quality assurance program for monitoring tacrolimus (FK 506) concentrations in plasma and whole blood. 1993 Ther Drug Monit pmid:7504339
Dutz JP et al. A role for calcineurin in degranulation of murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes. 1993 J. Immunol. pmid:7681074
Reese JC et al. The effect of FK506 on canine bile flow. 1993 Transplantation pmid:7504342
Takeguchi N et al. Inhibition of the multidrug efflux pump in isolated hepatocyte couplets by immunosuppressants FK506 and cyclosporine. 1993 Transplantation pmid:7681229
Woodle ES et al. FK506--reversal of humorally mediated cardiac allograft rejection in the presence of preformed anti-class I antibody. 1993 Transplantation pmid:7504346
Valdivia LA et al. Successful hamster-to-rat liver xenotransplantation under FK506 immunosuppression induces unresponsiveness to hamster heart and skin. 1993 Transplantation pmid:7681230
Jindal RM et al. Effect of deoxyspergualin on the endocrine function of the rat pancreas. 1993 Transplantation pmid:7504347
Fujimura A et al. Chronopharmacokinetic study of a new immunosuppressive agent, FK 506, in mice. 1993 Jpn. J. Pharmacol. pmid:7681489
Kodama M et al. FK506 therapy of experimental autoimmune myocarditis after onset of the disease. 1993 Am. Heart J. pmid:7504393
Nishinaka Y et al. Protective effect of FK506 on ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial damage in canine heart. 1993 J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. pmid:7681507
Luan S et al. Immunosuppressants implicate protein phosphatase regulation of K+ channels in guard cells. 1993 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. pmid:7681590
Doi R et al. Structural and functional changes of exocrine pancreas induced by FK506 in rats. 1993 Gastroenterology pmid:7681795
Rotonda J et al. Improved calcineurin inhibition by yeast FKBP12-drug complexes. Crystallographic and functional analysis. 1993 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:7681823
Peters DH et al. Tacrolimus. A review of its pharmacology, and therapeutic potential in hepatic and renal transplantation. 1993 Drugs pmid:7506654
Mühl H et al. Cyclosporin derivatives inhibit interleukin 1 beta induction of nitric oxide synthase in renal mesangial cells. 1993 Eur. J. Pharmacol. pmid:7506668
Nagata K et al. Failure of FK-506, a new immunosuppressant, to prevent cerebral vasospasm in a canine two-hemorrhage model. 1993 J. Neurosurg. pmid:7692019
Simek SL et al. Sequence and localization of a novel FK506-binding protein to mouse chromosome 11. 1993 Genomics pmid:7507077
Lhoëst G et al. Isolation and identification by FAB mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy of a demethylated metabolite of FK506 from erythromycin-induced rabbit liver microsomes. 1993 Pharm Acta Helv pmid:7692454
Izumi S and Okuhara M [FK506 and kifunensine, new immunomodulators of microbial origin]. 1993 Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso pmid:7692469
Wakugami T et al. Effect of FK506 on the development of diabetes in BB rats in comparison with that of cyclosporin. 1993 Tohoku J. Exp. Med. pmid:7692621
Quesniaux VF Immunosuppressants: tools to investigate the physiological role of cytokines. 1993 Bioessays pmid:7507316
Hill CC et al. Penile prosthesis surgery in the immunosuppressed patient. 1993 Transplantation pmid:7692633
Roberts JP et al. Reversal of chronic rejection after treatment failure with FK506 and RS61443. 1993 Transplantation pmid:7692634
Storb R et al. FK-506 and methotrexate prevent graft-versus-host disease in dogs given 9.2 Gy total body irradiation and marrow grafts from unrelated dog leukocyte antigen-nonidentical donors. 1993 Transplantation pmid:7692635
McDiarmid SV et al. A comparison of renal function in cyclosporine- and FK-506-treated patients after primary orthotopic liver transplantation. 1993 Transplantation pmid:7692636
Yatscoff RW et al. Comparison of the effect of rapamycin and FK506 on release of prostacyclin and endothelin in vitro. 1993 Clin. Biochem. pmid:7507804
Sato M et al. FK506 inhibits phytohemagglutinin-, but not interferon-gamma-, induced HLA-DR antigen expression and accessory cell function on primary cultured human thyroid cells. 1993 Acta Endocrinol. pmid:7509103
White DJ Immunosuppression for heart transplantation. 1993 Br. J. Biomed. Sci. pmid:7694717
Clipstone NA and Crabtree GR Calcineurin is a key signaling enzyme in T lymphocyte activation and the target of the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporin A and FK506. 1993 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. pmid:7509131
Takahara S Efficacy of FK506 in renal transplantation. 1993 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. pmid:7509132
Thomson AW et al. Incidence of CD4+ IL-2R alpha+ and CD4+ CD45RA+ T-cells in progressive multiple sclerosis and the influence of short-term (3 months) FK 506 therapy. 1993 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. pmid:7509133
Blaehr H et al. Acute effects of FK506 and cyclosporine A on cultured human proximal tubular cells. 1993 Eur. J. Pharmacol. pmid:7683267
Textor SC et al. Systemic and renal hemodynamic differences between FK506 and cyclosporine in liver transplant recipients. 1993 Transplantation pmid:7685934
Kadmon M et al. Inhibition by cyclosporin A of adenosine triphosphate-dependent transport from the hepatocyte into bile. 1993 Gastroenterology pmid:7683296
Denesyuk AI et al. Structural similarity of the binding sites of cyclophilin A-cyclosporin A and FKBP-FK506 systems. 1993 Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. pmid:7683466
Waschulewski IH et al. Effects of the immunosuppressants cyclosporin A and FK 506 on exocytosis in the rat exocrine pancreas in vitro. 1993 Br. J. Pharmacol. pmid:7683567
Ohtake M et al. Enhanced liver regeneration in rats treated with 15-deoxyspergualin alone and in combination with FK 506. 1993 Gastroenterol. Jpn. pmid:7683616
Ohnishi H et al. Natural killer cell may impair liver regeneration in fulminant hepatic failure. 1993 Gastroenterol. Jpn. pmid:7683619
McDiarmid SV et al. Differences in oral FK506 dose requirements between adult and pediatric liver transplant patients. 1993 Transplantation pmid:7685933
Moutabarrik A et al. Use of FK 506 in kidney transplantation. 1993 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7685946
Moutabarrik A et al. Effect of FK 506 and cyclosporine on the expression of IL-6 and its receptor on stimulated monocytes. 1993 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7685949
Takaya S et al. Use of prostaglandin E1 in crossmatch-negative liver transplant recipients treated with FK 506. 1993 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7685953
Murphy MP and Morris RE Brequinar sodium effectively and potently suppresses allograft rejection in a heterotopic mouse heart transplant model. 1993 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7685955
Li W and Handschumacher RE Specific interaction of the cyclophilin-cyclosporin complex with the B subunit of calcineurin. 1993 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:7686148
Wong PY et al. Recurrence of primary biliary cirrhosis after liver transplantation following FK506-based immunosuppression. 1993 J. Hepatol. pmid:7686192
Sakr MF et al. FK 506 pre-treatment is associated with reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 6 following hepatic ischemia/reperfusion. 1993 J. Hepatol. pmid:7686193
Fenton M and Kay JE Thapsigargin activates lymphocytes via a different pathway from ionomycin. 1993 Biochem. Soc. Trans. pmid:7510649
Henke W and Jung K Comparison of the effects of the immunosuppressive agents FK 506 and cyclosporin A on rat kidney mitochondria. 1993 Biochem. Pharmacol. pmid:7690566
Murase N et al. Hamster-to-rat heart and liver xenotransplantation with FK506 plus antiproliferative drugs. 1993 Transplantation pmid:7682735
Lyson T et al. Cyclosporine- and FK506-induced sympathetic activation correlates with calcineurin-mediated inhibition of T-cell signaling. 1993 Circ. Res. pmid:7688670
Morkawa K et al. Immunosuppressive property of bromocriptine on human B lymphocyte function in vitro. 1993 Clin. Exp. Immunol. pmid:7688676
Yamaoka K et al. Cyclosporin A and FK506 block the negative signaling mediated by surface IgM cross-linking in normal human mature B cells. 1993 Immunol. Lett. pmid:7688712
Smith DF et al. Two FKBP-related proteins are associated with progesterone receptor complexes. 1993 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:7688746
Jacobs JC et al. Pyoderma gangrenosum in infancy. 1993 J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. pmid:7688775
Garrity GM et al. Genetic relationships among actinomycetes that produce the immunosuppressant macrolides FK506, FK520/FK523 and rapamycin. 1993 J. Ind. Microbiol. pmid:7688970
Hoof T et al. Reversal of multidrug resistance in Chinese hamster ovary cells by the immunosuppressive agent rapamycin. 1993 Eur. J. Pharmacol. pmid:7689059
Jin YJ and Burakoff SJ The 25-kDa FK506-binding protein is localized in the nucleus and associates with casein kinase II and nucleolin. 1993 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. pmid:7689229
Starzl TE et al. Allograft and xenograft acceptance under FK-506 and other immunosuppressant treatment. 1993 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. pmid:7689809
Reem GH et al. FK-506 inhibits the IL-2-independent induction of the activation antigen CD 69. 1993 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. pmid:7689811
Mollison KW et al. Comparison of FK-506, rapamycin, ascomycin, and cyclosporine in mouse models of host-versus-graft disease and heterotopic heart transplantation. 1993 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. pmid:7689812
Tai PK et al. P59 (FK506 binding protein 59) interaction with heat shock proteins is highly conserved and may involve proteins other than steroid receptors. 1993 Biochemistry pmid:7689858
Lieberman R FK506, artificial intelligence and pharmacoeconomics. 1993 J Clin Pharmacol pmid:7690045
McMichael J et al. An intelligent and cost-effective computer dosing system for individualizing FK506 therapy in transplantation and autoimmune disorders. 1993 J Clin Pharmacol pmid:7690046
Jain AB et al. Pharmacokinetics of FK506 in liver transplant recipients after continuous intravenous infusion. 1993 J Clin Pharmacol pmid:7690047
Cheng JW et al. 15N NMR relaxation studies of the FK506 binding protein: backbone dynamics of the uncomplexed receptor. 1993 Biochemistry pmid:7690248
Zuany-Amorim C et al. Characterization and pharmacological modulation of antigen-induced peritonitis in actively sensitized mice. 1993 Br. J. Pharmacol. pmid:7694762
Fingar DC et al. Dissociation of pp70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase from insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 1993 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:7679106
Griffiths EJ and Halestrap AP Protection by Cyclosporin A of ischemia/reperfusion-induced damage in isolated rat hearts. 1993 J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. pmid:7512654
McCaffrey PG et al. NF-ATp, a T lymphocyte DNA-binding protein that is a target for calcineurin and immunosuppressive drugs. 1993 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:7679116
Armitage JM et al. Pediatric lung transplantation. The years 1985 to 1992 and the clinical trial of FK 506. 1993 J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. pmid:7679172
Ito K and Komatsu Y [Drug induced hemolytic uremic syndrome]. 1993 Nippon Rinsho pmid:7679450
Hirasé Y et al. Transplantation of long-term cryopreserved allocutaneous tissue by skin graft or microsurgical anastomosis: experimental studies in the rat. 1993 Plast. Reconstr. Surg. pmid:7679796
Langrehr JM et al. Clinical course, morphology, and treatment of chronically rejecting small bowel allografts. 1993 Transplantation pmid:7679526
Uemoto S et al. Experience with FK506 in living-related liver transplantation. 1993 Transplantation pmid:7679528
Talento A et al. A single administration of LFA-1 antibody confers prolonged allograft survival. 1993 Transplantation pmid:7679531
Piekoszewski W et al. Disposition of tacrolimus (FK 506) in rabbits. Role of red blood cell binding in hepatic clearance. 1993 Jul-Aug Drug Metab. Dispos. pmid:7690698
Kobayashi J et al. A new rat infection-heart transplant model: effect of infection on graft survival studies. 1993 Jul-Aug J. Heart Lung Transplant. pmid:7690253
Schreier MH Immunophilins and immunosuppression. 1993 Mar-Apr Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. pmid:7686830
Iwasaki K et al. Isolation, identification, and biological activities of oxidative metabolites of FK506, a potent immunosuppressive macrolide lactone. 1993 Nov-Dec Drug Metab. Dispos. pmid:7507815
Fukuse T et al. Combined therapy with FK-506 and cyclosporine for canine lung allotransplantation: immunosuppressive effects and blood trough levels. 1993 Nov-Dec J. Heart Lung Transplant. pmid:7508750
Morris RE New small molecule immunosuppressants for transplantation: review of essential concepts. 1993 Nov-Dec J. Heart Lung Transplant. pmid:7508752
Lhoëst G et al. Isolation and identification of a novel isomerized epoxide metabolite of FK-506 from erythromycin-induced rabbit liver microsomes. 1993 Sep-Oct Drug Metab. Dispos. pmid:7694828
Fruman DA et al. Immunophilins in protein folding and immunosuppression. 1994 FASEB J. pmid:7513288
Hachida M et al. [The rescue effect of FK506 in refractory rejection after cardiac transplantation]. 1994 Nihon Kyobu Geka Gakkai Zasshi pmid:7528255
Nishimori H et al. Combination therapy with FK 506 and splenectomy may induce tolerance in cardiac xenografts. 1994 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7518102
Nakata S et al. Immunosuppressive mechanisms of deoxymethylspergualin and FK 506 on in vitro cytotoxic T lymphocytes. 1994 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7520613
Tamir H et al. Secretogogue-induced gating of chloride channels in the secretory vesicles of parafollicular cells. 1994 Endocrinology pmid:7525261
Lea JP et al. Evidence that the inhibition of Na+/K(+)-ATPase activity by FK506 involves calcineurin. 1994 Kidney Int. pmid:7527873
Dmitrewski J et al. Steroid withdrawal 3 months after liver transplantation--does FK 506 confer any advantage over cyclosporin? 1994 Transpl. Int. pmid:11271342