tacrolimus

Tacrolimus is a lipid of Polyketides (PK) class. Tacrolimus is associated with abnormalities such as Renal glomerular disease. The involved functions are known as inhibitors, Fungicidal activity, Metabolic Inhibition, Excretory function and Dephosphorylation. Tacrolimus often locates in Hepatic, Mitochondrial matrix and Inner mitochondrial membrane. The associated genes with Tacrolimus are RHOA gene and BGN gene.

Cross Reference

Introduction

To understand associated biological information of tacrolimus, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.

What diseases are associated with tacrolimus?

tacrolimus is suspected in Renal glomerular disease, Candidiasis, Mycoses, PARKINSON DISEASE, LATE-ONSET, Morphologically altered structure, Skin Diseases, Infectious and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.

Related references are mostly published in these journals:

Disease Cross reference Weighted score Related literature
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Possible diseases from mapped MeSH terms on references

We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with tacrolimus

MeSH term MeSH ID Detail
Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome D014607 1 associated lipids
Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid D008179 1 associated lipids
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia D018290 1 associated lipids
Cardiovirus Infections D018188 3 associated lipids
Fungemia D016469 2 associated lipids
Legionellosis D007876 3 associated lipids
Lung Abscess D008169 1 associated lipids
IgA Deficiency D017098 2 associated lipids
IgG Deficiency D017099 1 associated lipids
Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease D006504 1 associated lipids
Alopecia Areata D000506 6 associated lipids
Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts D000754 2 associated lipids
Hepatitis, Autoimmune D019693 1 associated lipids
Intestinal Fistula D007412 1 associated lipids
Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune D016884 1 associated lipids
Meningitis, Cryptococcal D016919 1 associated lipids
Polymyositis D017285 1 associated lipids
Uveitis, Posterior D015866 5 associated lipids
Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure D012010 4 associated lipids
Smooth Muscle Tumor D018235 1 associated lipids
Blepharitis D001762 4 associated lipids
Hearing Loss, Sudden D003639 1 associated lipids
Trichomonas Vaginitis D014247 2 associated lipids
Hypopigmentation D017496 2 associated lipids
Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane D010390 4 associated lipids
Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome D016181 1 associated lipids
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia D018549 3 associated lipids
Amputation, Traumatic D000673 2 associated lipids
Erythema Nodosum D004893 5 associated lipids
Sweet Syndrome D016463 1 associated lipids
Pyoderma Gangrenosum D017511 3 associated lipids
Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental D020721 3 associated lipids
Deglutition Disorders D003680 2 associated lipids
Oral Ulcer D019226 1 associated lipids
Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy D007119 2 associated lipids
Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase D015466 1 associated lipids
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous D008178 2 associated lipids
Dental Enamel Hypoplasia D003744 2 associated lipids
Fasciitis, Necrotizing D019115 1 associated lipids
Cutis Laxa D003483 1 associated lipids
Rotavirus Infections D012400 1 associated lipids
Epididymitis D004823 1 associated lipids
Orchitis D009920 1 associated lipids
Ichthyosiform Erythroderma, Congenital D016113 1 associated lipids
Polyomavirus Infections D027601 1 associated lipids
Citrullinemia D020159 1 associated lipids
Eye Infections, Viral D015828 1 associated lipids
Hand Injuries D006230 1 associated lipids
Pseudohypoaldosteronism D011546 1 associated lipids
Lichen Planus, Oral D017676 2 associated lipids
Flaviviridae Infections D018178 1 associated lipids
Megacolon, Toxic D008532 1 associated lipids
Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus D018459 2 associated lipids
Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute D015456 2 associated lipids
Lichenoid Eruptions D017512 1 associated lipids
Herpes Labialis D006560 1 associated lipids
Pemphigus D010392 3 associated lipids
Mutism D009155 1 associated lipids
Neurodermatitis D009450 1 associated lipids
Leukoplakia, Oral D007972 1 associated lipids
Hypertensive Encephalopathy D020343 1 associated lipids
Skin Diseases, Viral D017193 2 associated lipids
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis D017726 2 associated lipids
Rectal Fistula D012003 2 associated lipids
Vestibular Diseases D015837 2 associated lipids
Intestinal Atresia D007409 3 associated lipids
Priapism D011317 1 associated lipids
Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption D007617 1 associated lipids
Echinostomiasis D004451 1 associated lipids
Respiratory Tract Neoplasms D012142 2 associated lipids
Trichomonas Infections D014245 3 associated lipids
Deltaretrovirus Infections D006800 1 associated lipids
West Nile Fever D014901 1 associated lipids
Foot Ulcer D016523 4 associated lipids
Fibroadenoma D018226 2 associated lipids
Tinea Capitis D014006 1 associated lipids
Pancreatic Fistula D010185 2 associated lipids
Facial Nerve Injuries D020220 1 associated lipids
Lymphocele D008210 1 associated lipids
End Stage Liver Disease D058625 1 associated lipids
Thrombotic Microangiopathies D057049 1 associated lipids
Angiofibroma D018322 2 associated lipids
Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome D054038 1 associated lipids
Peroneal Neuropathies D020427 1 associated lipids
Hearing Loss, Bilateral D006312 1 associated lipids
Cheilitis D002613 2 associated lipids
Still's Disease, Adult-Onset D016706 2 associated lipids
Hidradenitis Suppurativa D017497 2 associated lipids
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis D008216 1 associated lipids
Necrobiosis Lipoidica D009335 2 associated lipids
Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus D007724 1 associated lipids
Neuromyelitis Optica D009471 2 associated lipids
Optic Neuritis D009902 1 associated lipids
Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome D004416 1 associated lipids
Epidermolysis Bullosa D004820 3 associated lipids
Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Interdigitating D054739 1 associated lipids
Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica D016108 1 associated lipids
Churg-Strauss Syndrome D015267 2 associated lipids
Myelinolysis, Central Pontine D017590 1 associated lipids
Balanitis D001446 4 associated lipids
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PubChem Associated disorders and diseases

What pathways are associated with tacrolimus

There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.

PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways

Link to PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways

What cellular locations are associated with tacrolimus?

Related references are published most in these journals:

Location Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures
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What functions are associated with tacrolimus?


Related references are published most in these journals:

Function Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures

What lipids are associated with tacrolimus?

Related references are published most in these journals:

Lipid concept Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures
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What genes are associated with tacrolimus?

Related references are published most in these journals:


Gene Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures

What common seen animal models are associated with tacrolimus?

There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.

NCBI Entrez Crosslinks

All references with tacrolimus

Download all related citations
Per page 10 20 50 100 | Total 15051
Authors Title Published Journal PubMed Link
Ramos-Cebrián M et al. Conversion from tacrolimus to cyclosporine could improve control of posttransplant diabetes mellitus after renal transplantation. 2007 Transplant. Proc. pmid:17889154
López Lago AM et al. Evolution of hepatorenal syndrome after orthotopic liver transplantation: comparative analysis with patients who developed acute renal failure in the early postoperative period of liver transplantation. 2007 Transplant. Proc. pmid:17889176
Meier-Kriesche HU and Kaplan B Cyclosporine microemulsion and tacrolimus are associated with decreased chronic allograft failure and improved long-term graft survival as compared to Sandimmune. 2001 Nov-Dec Transplant. Proc. pmid:11750465
Uchida K et al. Decreasing pancreatic toxicity of tacrolimus by dosage reduction. 1998 Transplant. Proc. pmid:9636518
Zeevi A et al. Functional differentiation of human cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the presence of FK 506 and CyA. 1990 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1689884
García Meseguer C et al. Anti-HLA antibodies posttransplantation in children: do we know what it means? 2009 Jul-Aug Transplant. Proc. pmid:19715846
Crespo M et al. De novo kidney transplant recipients need higher doses of Advagraf compared with Prograf to get therapeutic levels. 2009 Jul-Aug Transplant. Proc. pmid:19715848
Asselin I et al. Polymerase chain reaction-based assay to assess the success of myoblast transplantation in mdx mice. 1994 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7527970
Okamoto M et al. Beneficial effect of multiple drug therapy including tacrolimus in clinical renal transplantation. 2000 Transplant. Proc. pmid:11119905
Tanabe K et al. Malabsorption of tacrolimus in kidney transplant recipients: a Japanese single center experience. 2000 Transplant. Proc. pmid:11119906
Azhderian EM et al. Nucleus associated FK 506 binding proteins with potential relevance to FK 506 immunosuppression. 1993 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7679834
Wong KM et al. Tacrolimus versus cyclosporine as primary prophylactic therapy after cadaveric renal transplant: two-year survival study. 2000 Transplant. Proc. pmid:11119907
Kawauchi M et al. Plasma level of FK 506 in newborn goats and infant baboons. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1721267
Iwasaki K et al. Pharmacokinetic study of FK 506 in the rat. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1721268
Morozumi K et al. A comparative study of morphological characteristics of renal injuries of tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporin (CyA) in renal allografts: are the morphologic characteristics of FK506 and CyA nephrotoxicity similar? 1996 Transplant. Proc. pmid:8623232
Ruiz MC et al. Effect of early versus delayed calcineurin inhibitor treatment on delayed graft function. 2003 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12644096
Vilalta R et al. Rapamycin use and rapid withdrawal of calcineurin inhibitors in pediatric renal transplantation. 2003 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12644102
Roman A et al. Preliminary results of rescue therapy with tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil in lung transplanted patients with bronchiolitis obliterans. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:11959227
Morell Ginestà M et al. Histology and immunopathology of heart and liver xenografts under low-dose tacrolimus. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:11959305
Abe M et al. Successful prednisone withdrawal after living-related liver transplantation. 1998 Transplant. Proc. pmid:9636584
Klupp J et al. Risk and benefit of antibody induction therapy in combination with tacrolimus immunosuppression after liver transplantation. 1998 Transplant. Proc. pmid:9636585
Braun F et al. An ex vivo model to study the intestinal biotransformation of immunosuppressives. 2000 Transplant. Proc. pmid:11120282
Birk PE et al. Preliminary experience with FK 506 in pediatric renal transplant recipients: a single-center report. 1996 Transplant. Proc. pmid:8623493
Vanrenterghem Y Vascular rejection with tacrolimus and potential long-term graft outcome. 1999 Transplant. Proc. pmid:10576054
Nelson PA et al. Effect of immunosuppressive drugs on cytokine gene transcription studied by message amplification phenotyping (MAPPing) polymerase chain reaction. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1721299
Hryniewiecka E et al. Arterial hypertension in liver transplant recipients. 2011 Transplant. Proc. pmid:21996217
Jain A et al. FK 506 in small bowel transplant recipients: pharmacokinetics and dosing. 1994 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7518149
Borrows R et al. Tacrolimus monitoring in renal transplantation: a comparison between high-performance liquid chromatography and immunoassay. 2005 Transplant. Proc. pmid:15919448
Takara T et al. Intraportal donor-specific transfusion given 24 hours before small bowel transplantation with cyclosporine and FK 506. 1994 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7518150
Hatazawa C et al. Effect of FK 506 on bowel transplantation in rats. 1992 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1376517
Zeevi A et al. Serial evaluation of immune profiles of simultaneous bone marrow and whole organ transplant recipients. 1995 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7533388
Akioka K et al. Abdominal pain is a critical complication of mycophenolate mofetil in renal transplant recipients. 2003 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12591411
Ishibashi M et al. Effect of FK 506 on generation of activated macrophages invading rejected skin allografts in rats: discrepancy of in vitro versus in vivo effects. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1721330
Jain A et al. Intravenous, oral pharmacokinetics, and oral dosing of FK 506 in small bowel transplant patients. 1992 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1376518
Watanabe K et al. Factors influencing long-term operational tolerance in dogs treated with fractionated lymphoid irradiation, donor bone marrow cell infusion and FK506. 1995 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7533389
Kawauchi M et al. Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte populations in FK 506-treated newborn goats. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1721331
Borg AJ and Kumagai M FK 506 and xenogeneic human anti-porcine cellular reactivity. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1721332
Jain A et al. Steroid withdrawal under tacrolimus for primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis after liver transplantation and long-term survival. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176467
Brunet M et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus in kidney transplantation: 9-month follow-up. 1998 Transplant. Proc. pmid:9865298
Foroncewicz B et al. Safety and efficacy of steroid-free immunosuppression with tacrolimus and daclizumab in liver transplant recipients: 6-year follow-up in a single center. 2009 Transplant. Proc. pmid:19857686
Velio P et al. Combined orthotopic liver-small bowel transplantation or small bowel transplantation in pigs: relations between survival, rejection, and mucosal morphometry. 1997 Transplant. Proc. pmid:9142295
Forgacs B et al. Successful conversion to rapamycin for calcineurin inhibitor-related neurotoxicity following liver transplantation. 2005 Transplant. Proc. pmid:15919502
Rifai K et al. Severe hearing loss after liver transplantation. 2005 Transplant. Proc. pmid:15919504
Kobayashi M et al. Posttransplant donor-specific T-lymphocytotoxic antibody in liver transplant patients with a positive crossmatch. 1992 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1281570
Japanese study of FK 506 on kidney transplantation: results of an early phase II study. Japanese FK 506 Study Group. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1721363
Martin Garcia D et al. Tacrolimus-Basiliximab versus Cyclosporine-Basiliximab in renal transplantation "de novo": acute rejection and complications. 2003 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12962761
Solà R et al. Tacrolimus in induction immunosuppressive treatment in renal transplantation: comparison with cyclosporine. 2003 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12962763
Zmonarski SC et al. Lowering of Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Toll-Like Receptors 2-4,9 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Kidney Allograft Recipients, Relationships With Immunosuppressive Treatment, and Delayed Graft Function Occurrence. 2016 Transplant. Proc. pmid:27496439
Sonnenday CJ et al. Preemptive therapy with plasmapheresis/intravenous immunoglobulin allows successful live donor renal transplantation in patients with a positive cross-match. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176507
Ciancio G et al. Effect of daclizumab, tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil in racial minority first renal transplant recipients. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176508
Deuse T et al. Is the malononitrilamide FK778 better for the prevention of acute or chronic rejection? 2007 Transplant. Proc. pmid:17362784
Jeong HJ et al. Vascular endothelin, TGF-beta, and PDGF expression in FK506 nephrotoxicity of rats. 1998 Transplant. Proc. pmid:9838576
Yura H et al. Development of a macromolecular prodrug of FK506: I. Synthesis of FK506-dextran conjugate. 1998 Transplant. Proc. pmid:9838577
Lohmann R et al. Quadruple induction therapy including antithymocyte globulin or interleukin-2 receptor antibody or FK 506-based induction therapy after liver transplantation. 1999 Feb-Mar Transplant. Proc. pmid:10083151
Yamauchi M et al. Effects of FK506 on rat thymic microenvironment in thymocyte maturation, proliferation, and mobilization. 1998 Transplant. Proc. pmid:9838578
Kato T et al. Mycophenolate mofetil rescue therapy in patients with chronic hepatic allograft rejection. 1999 Feb-Mar Transplant. Proc. pmid:10083158
Zegarska J et al. Evaluation of the Relationship Between Concentrations of Tacrolimus Metabolites, 13-O-Demethyl Tacrolimus and 15-O-Demethyl Tacrolimus, and Clinical and Biochemical Parameters in Kidney Transplant Recipients. 2018 Transplant. Proc. pmid:30177142
Warty V et al. Distribution of FK 506 in plasma lipoproteins in transplant patients. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1703363
Guleria S et al. Generic tacrolimus (Pan Graf) in renal transplantation: an experience of 155 recipients in India. 2008 Transplant. Proc. pmid:18790202
Misao T et al. Effect of donor splenocyte transfusion with a simultaneous single injection of tacrolimus on lung allografts. 1997 Feb-Mar Transplant. Proc. pmid:9123153
Morozumi K et al. Electron-microscopic peritubular capillary lesion is a specific and useful diagnostic indicator for chronic rejection of renal allografts showing less specific morphologic lesions in the cyclosporine era. 1997 Feb-Mar Transplant. Proc. pmid:9123167
Carroll PB et al. FK 506-associated diabetes mellitus in the pediatric transplant population is a rare complication. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1721396
Klupp J et al. New approach in drug development: whole blood pharmacodynamic assays reflect biological activities of tacrolimus. 2001 Transplant. Proc. pmid:11377491
Pozzetto U et al. Effects of immunosuppressive regimens on plasma levels of transforming growth factor-beta 1 in renal transplant recipients. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176558
Utsugi R et al. Tolerance across a two-haplotype, fully MHC-mismatched barrier induced in miniature swine renal allografts treated with a 12-day course of tacrolimus. 2001 Feb-Mar Transplant. Proc. pmid:11266727
Schorlemmer HU et al. Coadministration of malononitrilamides and tacrolimus induces tolerance in a rat skin allograft model. 1999 Feb-Mar Transplant. Proc. pmid:10083529
Beck Y and Akiyama N Effect of FK-506 and cyclosporine on human lymphocyte responses in vitro. 1989 Transplant. Proc. pmid:2472695
Sheng H et al. Ocular complications of heart transplantation in a Chinese population. 2008 Transplant. Proc. pmid:19100445
Boletis J et al. Delayed renal graft function: the influence of immunosuppression. 2005 Transplant. Proc. pmid:15964337
Dresske B et al. Synergistic impact of "WOFIE" on the immunosuppressive potency of FK 506 in a heterotopic heart transplantation model in the rat. 1999 Transplant. Proc. pmid:10331001
Takeda Y et al. Effect of FK 506 on the survival of rat small bowel allografts. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1721426
Kokado Y et al. Hypertension in renal transplant recipients and its effect on long-term renal allograft survival. 1996 Transplant. Proc. pmid:8658802
Fukuzawa M et al. Effect of donor-specific transfusion and FK 506 on small intestine allotransplantation. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1721427
Park KM et al. Bone loss after orthotopic liver transplantation: FK 506 versus cyclosporine. 1996 Transplant. Proc. pmid:8658863
Holt DW et al. Therapeutic monitoring of sirolimus: its contribution to optimal prescription. 2003 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12742490
Trotter JF Sirolimus in liver transplantation. 2003 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12742496
Ojogho ON et al. Mycophenolate mofetil without antibody induction in pediatric renal transplantation. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176641
Ju MK et al. Mizoribine versus mycophenolate mofetil in combination therapy with tacrolimus for de novo kidney transplantation: evaluation of efficacy and safety. 2013 Transplant. Proc. pmid:23726602
Quiroga I et al. Differential homocysteine levels in renal transplant patients receiving neoral versus tacrolimus. 2001 Feb-Mar Transplant. Proc. pmid:11267261
Slatinska J et al. Long-term follow-up of stable kidney transplant recipients after conversion from tacrolimus twice daily immediate release to tacrolimus once-daily prolonged release: a large single-center experience. 2013 Transplant. Proc. pmid:23726604
López-Vilella R et al. Incidence of development of obesity after heart transplantation according to the calcineurin inhibitor. Transplant. Proc. pmid:25645789
Ochiai T et al. Histopathologic studies in renal transplant recipient dogs receiving treatment with FK-506. 1987 Transplant. Proc. pmid:2445085
Yonan NA et al. Tracheal allograft transplantation in rats: the role of immunosuppressive agents in development of obliterative airway disease. 1998 Transplant. Proc. pmid:9723443
Greenstein SM et al. Nifedipine prevents tacrolimus-induced intestinal hemodynamic and functional impairments. 1998 Transplant. Proc. pmid:9745540
Kattner A et al. Conversion from CyA to CyA-NOF in a cholestatic liver grafted patient with CyA malabsorption. 1994 Transplant. Proc. pmid:7524225
Kelley M et al. Change in oral absorption of tacrolimus in a liver transplant recipient after reversal of jejunoileal bypass: case report. 2005 Transplant. Proc. pmid:16213338
Carroll PB et al. The use of FK 506 in new-onset type I diabetes in man. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1721458
Wakabayashi H et al. Effect of FK 506 and cyclosporine A on hepatic energy status in the rat after warm ischemia, as monitored by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo. 1992 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1384205
Garcia CD et al. Pediatric renal transplantation under tacrolimus or cyclosporine immunosuppression and basiliximab induction. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12431513
Mita A et al. Optimal initial dose of orally administered once-daily extended-release tacrolimus following intravenous tacrolimus therapy after liver transplantation. 2014 Transplant. Proc. pmid:24767351
Lo A et al. Limited benefits of induction with monoclonal antibody to interleukin-2 receptor in combination with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and steroids in simultaneous kidney-pancreas transplantation. 2001 Feb-Mar Transplant. Proc. pmid:11267477
Owen ER et al. Peripheral nerve regeneration in human hand transplantation. 2001 Feb-Mar Transplant. Proc. pmid:11267484
Shullo MA et al. Elevated tacrolimus levels associated with intravenous azithromycin and ceftriaxone: a case report. 2010 Transplant. Proc. pmid:20620540
Haba T et al. Pathological and immunohistochemical examination in the rat treated with FK 506. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1714649
Walker RE et al. Clinical outcomes associated with conversion to tacrolimus-based immunosuppression in pediatric cardiac transplantation. 1998 Transplant. Proc. pmid:9636452
Lautenschlager I et al. Efficiency of FK 506 and CyA to prevent acute cellular rejection of pig liver allografts. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1714650
Stempfle HU et al. Rapid trabecular bone loss after cardiac transplantation using FK506 (tacrolimus)-based immunosuppression. 1998 Transplant. Proc. pmid:9636459
Sevmis S et al. Tacrolimus-related seizure in the early postoperative period after liver transplantation. 2007 Transplant. Proc. pmid:17524935
Takaya S et al. Positive crossmatch in primary human liver allografts under cyclosporine or FK 506 therapy. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1703691
Hildebrandt A et al. FK 506: short- and long-term treatment after cardiac transplantation in nonhuman primates. 1991 Transplant. Proc. pmid:1703694