tacrolimus

Tacrolimus is a lipid of Polyketides (PK) class. Tacrolimus is associated with abnormalities such as Renal glomerular disease. The involved functions are known as inhibitors, Fungicidal activity, Metabolic Inhibition, Excretory function and Dephosphorylation. Tacrolimus often locates in Hepatic, Mitochondrial matrix and Inner mitochondrial membrane. The associated genes with Tacrolimus are RHOA gene and BGN gene.

Cross Reference

Introduction

To understand associated biological information of tacrolimus, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.

What diseases are associated with tacrolimus?

tacrolimus is suspected in Renal glomerular disease, Candidiasis, Mycoses, PARKINSON DISEASE, LATE-ONSET, Morphologically altered structure, Skin Diseases, Infectious and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.

Related references are mostly published in these journals:

Disease Cross reference Weighted score Related literature
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Possible diseases from mapped MeSH terms on references

We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with tacrolimus

MeSH term MeSH ID Detail
Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome D014607 1 associated lipids
Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid D008179 1 associated lipids
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia D018290 1 associated lipids
Cardiovirus Infections D018188 3 associated lipids
Fungemia D016469 2 associated lipids
Legionellosis D007876 3 associated lipids
Lung Abscess D008169 1 associated lipids
IgA Deficiency D017098 2 associated lipids
IgG Deficiency D017099 1 associated lipids
Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease D006504 1 associated lipids
Alopecia Areata D000506 6 associated lipids
Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts D000754 2 associated lipids
Hepatitis, Autoimmune D019693 1 associated lipids
Intestinal Fistula D007412 1 associated lipids
Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune D016884 1 associated lipids
Meningitis, Cryptococcal D016919 1 associated lipids
Polymyositis D017285 1 associated lipids
Uveitis, Posterior D015866 5 associated lipids
Red-Cell Aplasia, Pure D012010 4 associated lipids
Smooth Muscle Tumor D018235 1 associated lipids
Blepharitis D001762 4 associated lipids
Hearing Loss, Sudden D003639 1 associated lipids
Trichomonas Vaginitis D014247 2 associated lipids
Hypopigmentation D017496 2 associated lipids
Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane D010390 4 associated lipids
Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome D016181 1 associated lipids
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia D018549 3 associated lipids
Amputation, Traumatic D000673 2 associated lipids
Erythema Nodosum D004893 5 associated lipids
Sweet Syndrome D016463 1 associated lipids
Pyoderma Gangrenosum D017511 3 associated lipids
Nervous System Autoimmune Disease, Experimental D020721 3 associated lipids
Deglutition Disorders D003680 2 associated lipids
Oral Ulcer D019226 1 associated lipids
Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy D007119 2 associated lipids
Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase D015466 1 associated lipids
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous D008178 2 associated lipids
Dental Enamel Hypoplasia D003744 2 associated lipids
Fasciitis, Necrotizing D019115 1 associated lipids
Cutis Laxa D003483 1 associated lipids
Rotavirus Infections D012400 1 associated lipids
Epididymitis D004823 1 associated lipids
Orchitis D009920 1 associated lipids
Ichthyosiform Erythroderma, Congenital D016113 1 associated lipids
Polyomavirus Infections D027601 1 associated lipids
Citrullinemia D020159 1 associated lipids
Eye Infections, Viral D015828 1 associated lipids
Hand Injuries D006230 1 associated lipids
Pseudohypoaldosteronism D011546 1 associated lipids
Lichen Planus, Oral D017676 2 associated lipids
Flaviviridae Infections D018178 1 associated lipids
Megacolon, Toxic D008532 1 associated lipids
Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus D018459 2 associated lipids
Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute D015456 2 associated lipids
Lichenoid Eruptions D017512 1 associated lipids
Herpes Labialis D006560 1 associated lipids
Pemphigus D010392 3 associated lipids
Mutism D009155 1 associated lipids
Neurodermatitis D009450 1 associated lipids
Leukoplakia, Oral D007972 1 associated lipids
Hypertensive Encephalopathy D020343 1 associated lipids
Skin Diseases, Viral D017193 2 associated lipids
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis D017726 2 associated lipids
Rectal Fistula D012003 2 associated lipids
Vestibular Diseases D015837 2 associated lipids
Intestinal Atresia D007409 3 associated lipids
Priapism D011317 1 associated lipids
Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption D007617 1 associated lipids
Echinostomiasis D004451 1 associated lipids
Respiratory Tract Neoplasms D012142 2 associated lipids
Trichomonas Infections D014245 3 associated lipids
Deltaretrovirus Infections D006800 1 associated lipids
West Nile Fever D014901 1 associated lipids
Foot Ulcer D016523 4 associated lipids
Fibroadenoma D018226 2 associated lipids
Tinea Capitis D014006 1 associated lipids
Pancreatic Fistula D010185 2 associated lipids
Facial Nerve Injuries D020220 1 associated lipids
Lymphocele D008210 1 associated lipids
End Stage Liver Disease D058625 1 associated lipids
Thrombotic Microangiopathies D057049 1 associated lipids
Angiofibroma D018322 2 associated lipids
Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome D054038 1 associated lipids
Peroneal Neuropathies D020427 1 associated lipids
Hearing Loss, Bilateral D006312 1 associated lipids
Cheilitis D002613 2 associated lipids
Still's Disease, Adult-Onset D016706 2 associated lipids
Hidradenitis Suppurativa D017497 2 associated lipids
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis D008216 1 associated lipids
Necrobiosis Lipoidica D009335 2 associated lipids
Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus D007724 1 associated lipids
Neuromyelitis Optica D009471 2 associated lipids
Optic Neuritis D009902 1 associated lipids
Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome D004416 1 associated lipids
Epidermolysis Bullosa D004820 3 associated lipids
Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Interdigitating D054739 1 associated lipids
Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica D016108 1 associated lipids
Churg-Strauss Syndrome D015267 2 associated lipids
Myelinolysis, Central Pontine D017590 1 associated lipids
Balanitis D001446 4 associated lipids
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PubChem Associated disorders and diseases

What pathways are associated with tacrolimus

There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.

PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways

Link to PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways

What cellular locations are associated with tacrolimus?

Related references are published most in these journals:

Location Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures
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What functions are associated with tacrolimus?


Related references are published most in these journals:

Function Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures

What lipids are associated with tacrolimus?

Related references are published most in these journals:

Lipid concept Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures
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What genes are associated with tacrolimus?

Related references are published most in these journals:


Gene Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures

What common seen animal models are associated with tacrolimus?

There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.

NCBI Entrez Crosslinks

All references with tacrolimus

Download all related citations
Per page 10 20 50 100 | Total 15051
Authors Title Published Journal PubMed Link
Baran DA et al. A novel tacrolimus dosing strategy in cardiac transplantation: drug levels, renal function, and biopsy results. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176595
Undre NA and Stevenson PJ Pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in heart transplantation. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176596
Pham SM et al. Sirolimus and tacrolimus in clinical cardiac transplantation. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176597
Uber PA et al. Steroid weaning in heart transplantation is associated with decreased B-type natriuretic peptide: surrogate evidence for cardiac adaptation. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176598
Baran DA et al. Tacrolimus and cardiac transplantation: a comparison of monotherapy and steroid-dependent patients. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176599
Chan MC et al. Conversion of cyclosporine to tacrolimus for refractory or persistent myocardial rejection. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176601
van Riemsdijk IC et al. Improvement of cardiovascular risk factors in heart transplant recipients after conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus: a role of the TGF-beta system. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176606
Baran DA et al. Predictors of early renal insufficiency in cardiac transplant recipients initiated on tacrolimus. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176609
Fieguth HG et al. Tacrolimus for treatment of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after unilateral and bilateral lung transplantation. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176613
Khwaja K et al. Pancreas transplantation in cross-match-positive recipients using cyclosporine- or tacrolimus-based immunosuppression. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176621
Rigotti P et al. Antilymphocyte induction is no longer necessary in simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176623
Dette K et al. Daclizumab and ATG versus ATG in combination with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and steroids in simultaneous [correction of simultaneus] pancreas-kidney transplantation: analysis of early outcome. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176624
Land W et al. Tacrolimus versus cyclosporine in primary simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation: preliminary results at 1 year of a large multicenter trial. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176625
Burke GW et al. Steroid-resistant acute rejection following SPK: importance of maintaining therapeutic dosing in a triple-drug regimen. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176628
Woeste G et al. Tacrolimus/mycophenolate mofetil vs cyclosporine A/Azathioprine after simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation: five-year results of a randomized study. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176629
Filler G et al. One-year glomerular filtration rate predicts graft survival in pediatric renal recipients: a randomized trial of tacrolimus vs cyclosporine microemulsion. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176634
Hasegawa A et al. Optimal use of tacrolimus in living donor renal transplantation in children. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176635
El-Sabrout R et al. Rejection-free protocol using sirolimus-tacrolimus combination for pediatric renal transplant recipients. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176636
Ciancio G et al. Effect of daclizumab, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil in pediatric first renal transplant recipients. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176637
El-Sabrout R et al. Improved lipid profile and blood sugar control in pediatric renal transplant recipients using sirolimus-tacrolimus combination. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176638
Webb NJ et al. Pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in paediatric renal transplant recipients. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176639
Sundberg AK et al. Conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus is preferred by pediatric renal transplant recipients: a focus on opinions and outcomes. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176640
Ojogho ON et al. Mycophenolate mofetil without antibody induction in pediatric renal transplantation. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176641
Sindhi R et al. Pharmacodynamics of sirolimus in transplanted children receiving tacrolimus. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176644
Petz W et al. Experience with the use of basiliximab in liver transplantation--use in pediatric and adult recipients in combination with cyclosporine or tacrolimus. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176648
Jain A et al. Almost total absence of chronic rejection in primary pediatric liver transplantation under tacrolimus. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176649
Asensio M et al. Induction with basiliximab reduces acute rejection in pediatric liver transplant patients treated with tacrolimus and steroids. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176650
Sindhi R et al. Preliminary immunosuppression withdrawal strategies with sirolimus in children with liver transplants. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176651
Zajicek A et al. Thirteen years' experience in pediatric liver transplantation: differences between tacrolimus and cyclosporine. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12176653
Ma L et al. Immunosuppressive effects of glucosamine. 2002 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:12176986
Cheng H et al. Role of the Rab GTP-binding protein Ypt3 in the fission yeast exocytic pathway and its connection to calcineurin function. 2002 Mol. Biol. Cell pmid:12181359
Minder D et al. Immunophilins and HIV-1 infection. 2002 Arch. Virol. pmid:12181673
Venkataramanan R et al. Voriconazole inhibition of the metabolism of tacrolimus in a liver transplant recipient and in human liver microsomes. 2002 Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. pmid:12183280
Revill WP et al. Genetically engineered analogs of ascomycin for nerve regeneration. 2002 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. pmid:12183690
Ferraresso M et al. Conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. 2002 Pediatr. Nephrol. pmid:12185478
Manzanares C Therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus: a moving matter. 2002 Mar-Apr Therapie pmid:12185961
Homma M et al. False positive blood tacrolimus concentration in microparticle enzyme immunoassay. 2002 Biol. Pharm. Bull. pmid:12186423
Fox SC et al. Platelet aggregation and intracellular calcium mobilisation responses are enhanced by cyclosporin A but not by pimecrolimus (SDZ ASM 981). 2002 Platelets pmid:12189022
Christians U et al. Mechanisms of clinically relevant drug interactions associated with tacrolimus. 2002 Clin Pharmacokinet pmid:12190331
Slowinski T et al. Interaction of the endothelin system and calcineurin inhibitors after kidney transplantation. 2002 Clin. Sci. pmid:12193131
Pawinski T et al. Limited sampling strategy for the estimation of mycophenolic acid area under the curve in adult renal transplant patients treated with concomitant tacrolimus. 2002 Clin. Chem. pmid:12194926
Guilbeau JM Delayed wound healing with sirolimus after liver transplant. 2002 Ann Pharmacother pmid:12196058
Cho YM et al. A case showing complete insulin independence after severe diabetic ketoacidosis associated with tacrolimus treatment. 2002 Diabetes Care pmid:12196452
Mettang T et al. Uraemic pruritus--new perspectives and insights from recent trials. 2002 Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. pmid:12198205
Escribano O et al. Pretreatment with FK506 up-regulates insulin receptors in regenerating rat liver. 2002 Hepatology pmid:12198647
Neff T et al. Pharmacologically regulated in vivo selection in a large animal. 2002 Blood pmid:12200362
Jain AK et al. The interaction between antiretroviral agents and tacrolimus in liver and kidney transplant patients. 2002 Liver Transpl. pmid:12200788
McAlister V Predicting behavior of immunosuppressants in liver transplantation. 2002 Liver Transpl. pmid:12200790
Tsinalis D et al. Acute renal failure in a renal allograft recipient treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. 2002 Am. J. Kidney Dis. pmid:12200824
Pradhan M et al. Decline in renal function following thoracic organ transplantation in children. 2002 Am. J. Transplant. pmid:12201367
Shui C et al. The immunosuppressant rapamycin, alone or with transforming growth factor-beta, enhances osteoclast differentiation of RAW264.7 monocyte-macrophage cells in the presence of RANK-ligand. 2002 Calcif. Tissue Int. pmid:12202955
Althoff EA and Cornish VW A bacterial small-molecule three-hybrid system. 2002 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. pmid:12203581
Hong F et al. Cyclosporin A blocks muscle differentiation by inducing oxidative stress and inhibiting the peptidyl-prolyl-cis-trans isomerase activity of cyclophilin A: cyclophilin A protects myoblasts from cyclosporin A-induced cytotoxicity. 2002 FASEB J. pmid:12207006
Kirtschig G et al. Successful treatment of erosive vulvovaginal lichen planus with topical tacrolimus. 2002 Br. J. Dermatol. pmid:12207624
Furst DE et al. Efficacy of tacrolimus in rheumatoid arthritis patients who have been treated unsuccessfully with methotrexate: a six-month, double-blind, randomized, dose-ranging study. 2002 Arthritis Rheum. pmid:12209503
Udina E et al. Bimodal dose-dependence of FK506 on the rate of axonal regeneration in mouse peripheral nerve. 2002 Muscle Nerve pmid:12210363
Nishikawa K and Terasaki PI Annual trends and triple therapy--1991-2000. 2001 Clin Transpl pmid:12211788
Chang CT and Wu MS Successful treatment of idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis complicated with renal vein thrombosis with FK506. 2002 Ren Fail pmid:12212832
Curtis JJ Hypertensinogenic mechanism of the calcineurin inhibitors. 2002 Curr. Hypertens. Rep. pmid:12217256
Huai Q et al. Crystal structure of calcineurin-cyclophilin-cyclosporin shows common but distinct recognition of immunophilin-drug complexes. 2002 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. pmid:12218175
Uehara T et al. A successful second unrelated BMT (UBMT) from a different unrelated donor to treat ALL that relapsed after the initial UBMT. 2002 Am. J. Hematol. pmid:12221672
Allen DM and Esterly NB Significant systemic absorption of tacrolimus after topical application in a patient with lamellar ichthyosis. 2002 Arch Dermatol pmid:12225004
Neau-Cransac M et al. Renal failure after liver transplantation: outcome after calcineurin inhibitor withdrawal. 2002 Clin Transplant pmid:12225434
Keevil BG et al. Evaluation of a rapid micro-scale assay for tacrolimus by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. 2002 Ann. Clin. Biochem. pmid:12227855
Spychala J and Mitchell BS Cyclosporin A and FK506 decrease adenosine kinase activity and adenosine uptake in T-lymphocytes. 2002 J. Lab. Clin. Med. pmid:12228764
Jeanmart H et al. Comparative study of cyclosporine and tacrolimus vs newer immunosuppressants mycophenolate mofetil and rapamycin on coronary endothelial function. 2002 J. Heart Lung Transplant. pmid:12231370
Tanaka K et al. Neuroprotective and antioxidant properties of FKBP-binding immunophilin ligands are independent on the FKBP12 pathway in human cells. 2002 Neurosci. Lett. pmid:12231433
Hong Y et al. Triptolide is a potent suppressant of C3, CD40 and B7h expression in activated human proximal tubular epithelial cells. 2002 Kidney Int. pmid:12234299
Iwasaki Y et al. Neuroprotective actions of FK506 and cyclosporin A on motor neuron survival following neonatal axotomy. 2002 Neurol. Res. pmid:12238623
Höcherl K et al. Cyclosporine A suppresses cyclooxygenase-2 expression in the rat kidney. 2002 J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. pmid:12239231
Emovon OE and Browne BJ Tacrolimus and ciclosporin microemulsion in renal transplantation. 2002 Lancet pmid:12241844
Schieppati A et al. Tacrolimus and ciclosporin microemulsion in renal transplantation. 2002 Lancet pmid:12241845
Bruijn JA and van der Woude FJ Tacrolimus and ciclosporin microemulsion in renal transplantation. 2002 Lancet pmid:12241846
English RF et al. Long-term comparison of tacrolimus- and cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in pediatric heart-transplant recipients. 2002 Am. J. Transplant. pmid:12243498
Matsue H et al. Contrasting impacts of immunosuppressive agents (rapamycin, FK506, cyclosporin A, and dexamethasone) on bidirectional dendritic cell-T cell interaction during antigen presentation. 2002 J. Immunol. pmid:12244145
Altaca G et al. Effect of low-dose calcineurin inhibitors on acute rejection and graft survival. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12270320
Colak T et al. Effect of conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus on lipid profiles in renal transplant recipients. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12270321
Nanni G et al. Lack of correlation between serum levels of mycophenolate mofetil and kidney transplant outcome in tacrolimus-based immunosupression. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12270323
Pape L et al. Long-term stable glomerular filtration rate achieved with tacrolimus in pediatric renal transplantation. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12270367
Fischereder M et al. Gynaecomastia following solid organ transplantation. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12270376
Dahmen U et al. Onset of liver regeneration after subtotal resection is inhibited by the use of new immunosuppressive drugs. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12270412
Barten MJ et al. Pharmacodynamics of the immunosuppressive effects of the combination of tacrolimus with mycophenolate mofetil. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12270442
Strassburg A et al. Basiliximab reduces acute liver allograft rejection in pediatric patients. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12270443
Weimer R et al. Effects of three immunosuppressive regimens on CD4 helper function, B cell monocyte and cytokine responses in renal transplant recipients: 4-month follow-up of a prospective randomized study. 2002 Transplant. Proc. pmid:12270445
Tangsinmankong N et al. Different mechanisms are utilized by HIV-1 Nef and staphylococcal enterotoxin A to control and regulate interleukin-10 production. 2002 Immunol. Lett. pmid:12270545
Uchino H et al. Differential neuroprotection by cyclosporin A and FK506 following ischemia corresponds with differing abilities to inhibit calcineurin and the mitochondrial permeability transition. 2002 Neurobiol. Dis. pmid:12270685
Ghoshal AK and Soldin SJ IMx tacrolimus II assay: is it reliable at low blood concentrations? A comparison with tandem MS/MS. 2002 Clin. Biochem. pmid:12270769
Fleischer AB et al. Tacrolimus ointment for the treatment of atopic dermatitis is not associated with an increase in cutaneous infections. 2002 J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. pmid:12271302
Morrison L et al. An open trial of topical tacrolimus for erosive oral lichen planus. 2002 J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. pmid:12271312
Kalthoff FS et al. Pimecrolimus inhibits up-regulation of OX40 and synthesis of inflammatory cytokines upon secondary T cell activation by allogeneic dendritic cells. 2002 Clin. Exp. Immunol. pmid:12296857
Edwards PC and Kelsch R Oral lichen planus: clinical presentation and management. 2002 J Can Dent Assoc pmid:12323106
Neal JW and Clipstone NA Calcineurin mediates the calcium-dependent inhibition of adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. 2002 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:12351639
Calò LA et al. Oxidative stress in kidney transplant patients with calcineurin inhibitor-induced hypertension: effect of ramipril. 2002 J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. pmid:12352326
Garton T Nefazodone and cyp450 3a4 interactions with cyclosporine and tacrolimus1. 2002 Transplantation pmid:12352898
Yamauchi A et al. Neurotoxicity induced by tacrolimus after liver transplantation: relation to genetic polymorphisms of the ABCB1 (MDR1) gene. 2002 Transplantation pmid:12352921
Brown NW et al. Mycophenolic acid and mycophenolic acid glucuronide pharmacokinetics in pediatric liver transplant recipients: effect of cyclosporine and tacrolimus comedication. 2002 Ther Drug Monit pmid:12352931
Staatz CE et al. Comparison of an ELISA and an LC/MS/MS method for measuring tacrolimus concentrations and making dosage decisions in transplant recipients. 2002 Ther Drug Monit pmid:12352932
Ambo M Relapsing Kaposi's varicelliform eruption and herpes simplex following facial tacrolimus treatment for atopic dermatitis. 2002 Acta Derm. Venereol. pmid:12353724
Jin L and Harrison SC Crystal structure of human calcineurin complexed with cyclosporin A and human cyclophilin. 2002 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. pmid:12357034
Hariharan S Case 2: strategies to minimize the use of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs). 2002 Transplantation pmid:12357988