erythromycin
erythromycin is a lipid of Polyketides (PK) class. Erythromycin is associated with abnormalities such as Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Pneumonia, Infection, Pneumococcal Infections and Exanthema. The involved functions are known as Pharmacodynamics, Sterility, Agent, Drug Kinetics and Adjudication. Erythromycin often locates in Blood, peritoneal, Extracellular, Ribosomes and apicoplast. The associated genes with erythromycin are P4HTM gene, SLC33A1 gene, FAM3B gene, Operon and Homologous Gene. The related lipids are Hydroxytestosterones, Steroids, Propionate, Mycolic Acids and campesterol. The related experimental models are Mouse Model and Knock-out.
Cross Reference
Introduction
To understand associated biological information of erythromycin, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
What diseases are associated with erythromycin?
erythromycin is suspected in Pneumonia, Infection, Gonorrhea, Cystic Fibrosis, Respiratory Tract Infections, Influenza and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Related references are mostly published in these journals:
- Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (35)
- J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (18)
- Clin. Infect. Dis. (2)
- Others (29)
| Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
|---|
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.
Possible diseases from mapped MeSH terms on references
We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with erythromycin
PubChem Associated disorders and diseases
What pathways are associated with erythromycin
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways
Link to PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and PathwaysWhat cellular locations are associated with erythromycin?
Visualization in cellular structure
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.
What functions are associated with erythromycin?
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
What lipids are associated with erythromycin?
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.
What genes are associated with erythromycin?
Related references are published most in these journals:
- Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (19)
- J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (10)
- Drug Metab. Dispos. (5)
- Others (29)
| Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
What common seen animal models are associated with erythromycin?
Mouse Model
Mouse Model are used in the study 'In vitro and in vivo activities of macrolide derivatives against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.' (Falzari K et al., 2005) and Mouse Model are used in the study 'Activity of ABT-773 against Mycobacterium avium complex in the beige mouse model.' (Cynamon MH et al., 2000).
Knock-out
Knock-out are used in the study 'Functional expression and comparative characterization of nine murine cytochromes P450 by fluorescent inhibition screening.' (McLaughlin LA et al., 2008).
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.
NCBI Entrez Crosslinks
All references with erythromycin
Download all related citations| Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Johnson RC et al. | In vitro and in vivo susceptibility of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, to four antimicrobial agents. | 1987 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:3566246 |
| Reig M et al. | Inducible expression of ribosomal clindamycin resistance in Bacteroides vulgatus. | 1992 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:1622176 |
| Reig M et al. | Resistance of Peptostreptococcus spp. to macrolides and lincosamides: inducible and constitutive phenotypes. | 1992 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:1622181 |
| van der Linden M et al. | Clonal spread of mef-positive macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates causing invasive disease in adults in Germany. | 2007 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:17325214 |
| Betriu C et al. | Erythromycin and clindamycin resistance and telithromycin susceptibility in Streptococcus agalactiae. | 2003 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:12604549 |
| Rantala M et al. | Molecular epidemiology of telithromycin-resistant pneumococci in Finland. | 2007 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:17325224 |
| Lindstrom TD et al. | Cytochrome P-450 complex formation by dirithromycin and other macrolides in rat and human livers. | 1993 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8452357 |
| Vacher S et al. | PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for detection of point mutations associated with macrolide resistance in Campylobacter spp. | 2003 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:12604552 |
| Pletz MW et al. | ABT-773: pharmacokinetics and interactions with ranitidine and sucralfate. | 2003 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:12604553 |
| Wilson SZ et al. | In vivo effects of josamycin, erythromycin, and placebo therapy on nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus. | 1977 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:324389 |
| Neuhauser MM et al. | In vitro bactericidal activities of ABT-773 against ermB strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. | 2003 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:12604554 |
| Wondrack L et al. | Clinical strain of Staphylococcus aureus inactivates and causes efflux of macrolides. | 1996 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8849266 |
| Arias CA et al. | Cotransfer of antibiotic resistance genes and a hylEfm-containing virulence plasmid in Enterococcus faecium. | 2009 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:19667280 |
| Vermot D et al. | Efficacy of clarithromycin versus that of clindamycin for single-dose prophylaxis of experimental streptococcal endocarditis. | 1996 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8851620 |
| Rukayadi Y et al. | In vitro activities of panduratin A against clinical Staphylococcus strains. | 2009 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:19651906 |
| Clancy J et al. | Cloning and characterization of a novel macrolide efflux gene, mreA, from Streptococcus agalactiae. | 1997 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:9420045 |
| Occhialini A et al. | Macrolide resistance in Helicobacter pylori: rapid detection of point mutations and assays of macrolide binding to ribosomes. | 1997 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:9420046 |
| Caron F et al. | Influence of erythromycin resistance, inoculum growth phase, and incubation time on assessment of the bactericidal activity of RP 59500 (quinupristin-dalfopristin) against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. | 1997 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:9420051 |
| Edelstein PH et al. | In vitro activity of sparfloxacin (CI-978; AT-4140) for clinical Legionella isolates, pharmacokinetics in guinea pigs, and use to treat guinea pigs with L. pneumophila pneumonia. | 1990 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:2073101 |
| Goldman RC and Kadam SK | Binding of novel macrolide structures to macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramin B-resistant ribosomes inhibits protein synthesis and bacterial growth. | 1989 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:2506804 |
| Barry AL et al. | In vitro activity of the ketolide ABT-773. | 2001 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:11557491 |
| Finegold SM et al. | Activities of ABT-773 against microaerophilic and fastidious organisms. | 2002 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:12121965 |
| Chave JP et al. | Once-a-week azithromycin in AIDS patients: tolerability, kinetics, and effects on zidovudine disposition. | 1992 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:1324635 |
| Chang HR and Pechère JC | In vitro effects of four macrolides (roxithromycin, spiramycin, azithromycin [CP-62,993], and A-56268) on Toxoplasma gondii. | 1988 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:2837140 |
| Derouin F et al. | Synergistic activity of azithromycin and pyrimethamine or sulfadiazine in acute experimental toxoplasmosis. | 1992 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:1324642 |
| Vallée E et al. | Activity and local delivery of azithromycin in a mouse model of Haemophilus influenzae lung infection. | 1992 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:1324644 |
| Zaknoon F et al. | Antibacterial properties of an oligo-acyl-lysyl hexamer targeting Gram-negative species. | 2012 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:22751534 |
| Gant CM et al. | Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of invasive pneumococcal disease strains in the Comunidad Valenciana, Spain, during the winter of 2009-2010: low PCV7 coverage and high levofloxacin resistance. | 2012 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:22751535 |
| Camilli R et al. | New genetic element carrying the erythromycin resistance determinant erm(TR) in Streptococcus pneumoniae. | 2008 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:18070957 |
| Baumueller A et al. | Rosamicin--a new drug for the treatment of bacterial prostatitis. | 1977 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:332074 |
| Vaara M and Porro M | Group of peptides that act synergistically with hydrophobic antibiotics against gram-negative enteric bacteria. | 1996 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8843284 |
| Mendes RE et al. | In vitro activity of telavancin against a contemporary worldwide collection of Staphylococcus aureus isolates. | 2010 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:20385851 |
| Morvan A et al. | Antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from humans in France. | 2010 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:20385859 |
| Fernandes PB et al. | In vitro and in vivo activities of clarithromycin against Mycobacterium avium. | 1989 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:2530933 |
| Prunier AL et al. | Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus with ribosomal mutations conferring resistance to macrolides. | 2002 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:12183270 |
| Engel JN | Azithromycin-induced block of elementary body formation in Chlamydia trachomatis. | 1992 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:1280057 |
| Beeton ML et al. | Concurrent titration and determination of antibiotic resistance in ureaplasma species with identification of novel point mutations in genes associated with resistance. | 2009 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:19273669 |
| Siira L et al. | Temporal trends of antimicrobial resistance and clonality of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Finland, 2002 to 2006. | 2009 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:19273677 |
| Liu Y et al. | Antimicrobial susceptibility of Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates and molecular analysis of macrolide-resistant strains from Shanghai, China. | 2009 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:19273684 |
| Syrogiannopoulos GA et al. | Antimicrobial susceptibility and macrolide resistance inducibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae carrying erm(A), erm(B), or mef(A). | 2003 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:12878546 |
| Pai SR et al. | In vivo efficacy of the ketolide ABT-773 (cethromycin) against enterococci in a mouse peritonitis model. | 2003 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:12878548 |
| Gentry DR and Holmes DJ | Selection for high-level telithromycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus yields mutants resulting from an rplB-to-rplV gene conversion-like event. | 2008 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:18195060 |
| Besier S et al. | Linezolid resistance in Staphylococcus aureus: gene dosage effect, stability, fitness costs, and cross-resistances. | 2008 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:18212098 |
| Goldstein EJ et al. | Lack of in vitro efficacy of oral forms of certain cephalosporins, erythromycin, and oxacillin against Pasteurella multocida. | 1988 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:3364944 |
| Nielsen A et al. | Method for screening compounds that influence virulence gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus. | 2010 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:19917763 |
| Azoulay-Dupuis E et al. | Efficacy of cethromycin, a new ketolide, against Streptococcus pneumoniae susceptible or resistant to erythromycin in a murine pneumonia model. | 2006 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:16940099 |
| Giovanetti E et al. | Phenotypes and genotypes of erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes strains in Italy and heterogeneity of inducibly resistant strains. | 1999 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10428916 |
| Ardanuy C et al. | Increase of the M phenotype among erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from Spain related to the serotype 14 variant of the Spain9V-3 clone. | 2006 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:16940119 |
| Credito KL et al. | Activity of telithromycin (HMR 3647) against anaerobic bacteria compared to those of eight other agents by time-kill methodology. | 1999 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10428930 |
| Biswas S et al. | Molecular characterization of resistance to macrolides in Bartonella henselae. | 2006 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:16940128 |
| MarÃn M et al. | Clostridium difficile isolates with high linezolid MICs harbor the multiresistance gene cfr. | 2015 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:25385106 |
| Nash DR et al. | Comparison of the activity of cefixime and activities of other oral antibiotics against adult clinical isolates of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis containing BRO-1 and BRO-2 and Haemophilus influenzae. | 1991 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:1901696 |
| Morio F et al. | Antimicrobial susceptibilities and clinical sources of Dialister species. | 2007 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:17923492 |
| Dreier J et al. | Activity of the novel macrolide BAL19403 against ribosomes from erythromycin-resistant Propionibacterium acnes. | 2007 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:17923495 |
| Kenny GE and Cartwright FD | Susceptibility of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to several new quinolones, tetracycline, and erythromycin. | 1991 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:1903913 |
| Koelbl JA and Catlin BW | Vancomycin hypersusceptibility in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from patients involves diverse mutations. | 1986 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:3085585 |
| Rybak MJ et al. | Pharmacodynamics of RP 59500 (quinupristin-dalfopristin) administered by intermittent versus continuous infusion against Staphylococcus aureus-infected fibrin-platelet clots in an in vitro infection model. | 1997 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:9174199 |
| Menninger JR and Otto DP | Erythromycin, carbomycin, and spiramycin inhibit protein synthesis by stimulating the dissociation of peptidyl-tRNA from ribosomes. | 1982 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:6179465 |
| Wolff BJ et al. | Detection of macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae by real-time PCR and high-resolution melt analysis. | 2008 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:18644962 |
| Goldfarb J et al. | Randomized clinical trial of topical mupirocin versus oral erythromycin for impetigo. | 1988 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:3149884 |
| Welsh LE et al. | In vitro evaluation of activities of azithromycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline against Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae. | 1992 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:1318677 |
| Stamler DA et al. | Azithromycin pharmacokinetics and intracellular concentrations in Legionella pneumophila-infected and uninfected guinea pigs and their alveolar macrophages. | 1994 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8192446 |
| Ofek I et al. | Antibacterial synergism of polymyxin B nonapeptide and hydrophobic antibiotics in experimental gram-negative infections in mice. | 1994 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8192470 |
| Chu SY et al. | Absolute bioavailability of clarithromycin after oral administration in humans. | 1992 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:1387301 |
| Truong-Bolduc QC et al. | Transcriptional Regulator TetR21 Controls the Expression of the Staphylococcus aureus LmrS Efflux Pump. | 2017 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:28584148 |
| Yajko DM et al. | Comparison of the intracellular activities of clarithromycin and erythromycin against Mycobacterium avium complex strains in J774 cells and in alveolar macrophages from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals. | 1992 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:1387302 |
| Blackwell GA and Hall RM | The Determinant and the Genes in Acinetobacter Plasmids Are Each Part of Discrete Modules Flanked by Inversely Oriented p (XerC-XerD) Sites. | 2017 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:28533235 |
| Mendes RE et al. | In Vitro Activity of Lefamulin Tested against Streptococcus pneumoniae with Defined Serotypes, Including Multidrug-Resistant Isolates Causing Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in the United States. | 2016 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:27161634 |
| Tait-Kamradt A et al. | mefE is necessary for the erythromycin-resistant M phenotype in Streptococcus pneumoniae. | 1997 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:9333056 |
| Tiemei Z et al. | Resistance phenotypes and genotypes of erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Beijing and Shenyang, China. | 2004 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:15388475 |
| Piccinelli G et al. | In vitro activity of solithromycin against erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus agalactiae. | 2014 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:24379197 |
| Rastogi N and Labrousse V | Extracellular and intracellular activities of clarithromycin used alone and in association with ethambutol and rifampin against Mycobacterium avium complex. | 1991 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:1828135 |
| Ji B et al. | Effectiveness of clarithromycin and minocycline alone and in combination against experimental Mycobacterium leprae infection in mice. | 1991 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:1828136 |
| Blackman HJ et al. | Antibiotic susceptibility of Chlamydia trachomatis. | 1977 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:931365 |
| Croteau D et al. | Pharmacokinetic advantages of erythromycin estolate over ethylsuccinate as determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. | 1988 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:3259856 |
| Bermudez LE and Young LS | Activities of amikacin, roxithromycin, and azithromycin alone or in combination with tumor necrosis factor against Mycobacterium avium complex. | 1988 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:2847644 |
| Privitera G et al. | Resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, and clindamycin in the Bacteroides fragilis group: inducible versus constitutive tetracycline resistance. | 1981 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:7305321 |
| Shaila MS et al. | Protein synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and the effect of streptomycin in streptomycin-susceptible and -resistant strains. | 1973 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:4202339 |
| Yamane K et al. | New plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone efflux pump, QepA, found in an Escherichia coli clinical isolate. | 2007 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:17548499 |
| Barlam T and Neu HC | In vitro comparison of the activity of RU 28965, a new macrolide, with that of erythromycin against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. | 1984 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:6732223 |
| Pestka S et al. | Effect of leucomycins and analogues on binding [14C ]erythromycin to Escherichia coli ribosomes. | 1974 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:15825314 |
| Goldstein EJ et al. | Activities of HMR 3004 (RU 64004) and HMR 3647 (RU 66647) compared to those of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and eight other antimicrobial agents against unusual aerobic and anaerobic human and animal bite pathogens isolated from skin and soft tissue infections in humans. | 1998 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:9593139 |
| Spangler SK et al. | Postantibiotic effect and postantibiotic sub-MIC effect of levofloxacin compared to those of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin against 20 pneumococci. | 1998 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:9593160 |
| Gould IM et al. | Interaction of imipenem with erythromycin and tetracycline assessed by microdilution checkerboard techniques. | 1991 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:1804015 |
| Schiller J et al. | Relationship between pNG2, an Emr plasmid in Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and plasmids in aerobic skin coryneforms. | 1983 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:6318665 |
| Sato E et al. | Erythromycin modulates eosinophil chemotactic cytokine production by human lung fibroblasts in vitro. | 2001 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:11158732 |
| Polk RE et al. | Pharmacokinetic Interaction between amprenavir and rifabutin or rifampin in healthy males. | 2001 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:11158747 |
| Pérez-Trallero E et al. | In vitro activities of retapamulin and 16 other antimicrobial agents against recently obtained Streptococcus pyogenes isolates. | 2011 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:21343452 |
| Segreti J et al. | In vitro activity of A-56268 (TE-031) and four other antimicrobial agents against Chlamydia trachomatis. | 1987 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:2952061 |
| Benson CA et al. | In vitro activity of A-56268 (TE-031), a new macrolide, compared with that of erythromycin and clindamycin against selected gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. | 1987 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:2952063 |
| Griffith RS et al. | Synergistic action of erythromycin and cefamandole against Bacteroides fragilis subsp. fragilis. | 1977 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:879736 |
| Barry AL et al. | In vitro activity of a new macrolide, A-56268, compared with that of roxithromycin, erythromycin, and clindamycin. | 1987 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:2952064 |
| Barry AL et al. | In vitro activities of azithromycin (CP 62,993), clarithromycin (A-56268; TE-031), erythromycin, roxithromycin, and clindamycin. | 1988 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:2840016 |
| Poyart C et al. | Characterization of the Tn916-like transposon Tn3872 in a strain of abiotrophia defectiva (Streptococcus defectivus) causing sequential episodes of endocarditis in a child. | 2000 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10681362 |
| Araujo FG et al. | Azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic with potent activity against Toxoplasma gondii. | 1988 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:2840017 |
| Ikebe T et al. | Antimicrobial susceptibility survey of Streptococcus pyogenes isolated in Japan from patients with severe invasive group A streptococcal infections. | 2005 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:15673769 |
| Zhang T et al. | Rapid assessment of antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium ulcerans by using recombinant luminescent strains. | 2010 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:20421401 |
| Szumowski JD et al. | Treatment and outcomes of infections by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at an ambulatory clinic. | 2007 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:17116664 |
| Watkins VS et al. | Comparison of dirithromycin and penicillin for treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis. | 1997 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8980757 |
| Fasola EL et al. | Variation in erythromycin and clindamycin susceptibilities of Streptococcus pneumoniae by four test methods. | 1997 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8980768 |