Azithramycine is a lipid of Polyketides (PK) class. Azithramycine is associated with abnormalities such as Respiratory Tract Infections, Pneumonia, Lower respiratory tract infection, Infection and Nonspecific urethritis. The involved functions are known as Lysis, Selection, Genetic, Mutation, Relapse and Adaptation. Azithramycine often locates in Blood, Respiratory System, Genitourinary system, Back and Chest. The associated genes with Azithramycine are Genes, rRNA, Genome, RPL22 gene, OPRM1 gene and tryptic soy broth. The related lipids are Liposomes, Phosphatidylserines, Promega, Lipopolysaccharides and Steroids. The related experimental models are Mouse Model, Knock-out and Tissue Model.
To understand associated biological information of Azithramycine, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
Azithramycine is suspected in Infection, Pneumonia, Trachoma, Respiratory Tract Infections, Gonorrhea, Infectious disease of lung and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with Azithramycine
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Mouse Model are used in the study 'Azithromycin increases in vitro fibronectin production through interactions between macrophages and fibroblasts stimulated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.' (Cory TJ et al., 2013), Mouse Model are used in the study 'Efficacy of azithromycin, clarithromycin and beta-lactam agents against experimentally induced bronchopneumonia caused by Haemophilus influenzae in mice.' (Miyazaki S et al., 2001), Mouse Model are used in the study 'Oral anti-pneumococcal activity and pharmacokinetic profiling of a novel peptide deformylase inhibitor.' (Gross M et al., 2004), Mouse Model are used in the study 'Inhibition of quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by azithromycin and its effectiveness in urinary tract infections.' (Bala A et al., 2011) and Mouse Model are used in the study 'Enhanced efficacy of single-dose versus multi-dose azithromycin regimens in preclinical infection models.' (Girard D et al., 2005).
Knock-out are used in the study 'Influence of rhlR and lasR on Polymyxin Pharmacodynamics in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Implications for Quorum Sensing Inhibition with Azithromycin.' (Bulman ZP et al., 2017) and Knock-out are used in the study 'Azithromycin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms: bactericidal activity and selection of nfxB mutants.' (Mulet X et al., 2009).
Tissue Model are used in the study 'Development of a population pharmacokinetic model characterizing the tissue distribution of azithromycin in healthy subjects.' (Zheng S et al., 2014).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Grimes DA and Schulz KF | Prophylactic antibiotics for intrauterine device insertion: a metaanalysis of the randomized controlled trials. | 1999 | Contraception | pmid:10592851 |
Sendi PP et al. | Cost-effectiveness of azithromycin for preventing Mycobacterium avium complex infection in HIV-positive patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. The Swiss HIV Cohort Study. | 1999 | J. Antimicrob. Chemother. | pmid:10590283 |
Shanks GD et al. | Single dose of azithromycin or three-day course of ciprofloxacin as therapy for epidemic dysentery in Kenya. Acute Dysentery Study Group. | 1999 | Clin. Infect. Dis. | pmid:10589921 |
Nicolau DP et al. | Beneficial effect of adjunctive azithromycin in treatment of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in the murine model. | 1999 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10582906 |
Koletar SL et al. | Azithromycin as treatment for disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex in AIDS patients. | 1999 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10582873 |
Paavonen J and Eggert-Kruse W | Chlamydia trachomatis: impact on human reproduction. | 1999 Sep-Oct | Hum. Reprod. Update | pmid:10582782 |
Chern KC et al. | Alterations in the conjunctival bacterial flora following a single dose of azithromycin in a trachoma endemic area. | 1999 | Br J Ophthalmol | pmid:10574809 |
Tan HH and Chan RK | An open label comparative study of azithromycin and doxycycline in the treatment of non-gonococcal urethritis in males and Chlamydia trachomatis cervicitis in female sex workers in an STD clinic in Singapore. | 1999 | Singapore Med J | pmid:10572491 |
Whitty CJ et al. | Impact of community-based mass treatment for trachoma with oral azithromycin on general morbidity in Gambian children. | 1999 | Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. | pmid:10571428 |
[Short-term therapy with Azithromycin. Pneumonia-pathogens, most commonly encountered in practice, easily targeted]. | 1999 | Internist (Berl) | pmid:10549000 | |
Fong IW et al. | Can an antibiotic (macrolide) prevent Chlamydia pneumoniae-induced atherosclerosis in a rabbit model? | 1999 | Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. | pmid:10548582 |
Ghaffar F et al. | Increased carriage of resistant non-pneumococcal alpha-hemolytic streptococci after antibiotic therapy. | 1999 | J. Pediatr. | pmid:10547251 |
Watt G et al. | Azithromycin activities against Orientia tsutsugamushi strains isolated in cases of scrub typhus in Northern Thailand. | 1999 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10543774 |
Goldstein EJ et al. | Activities of telithromycin (HMR 3647, RU 66647) compared to those of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and other antimicrobial agents against unusual anaerobes. | 1999 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10543769 |
Grayston JT | Design of future intervention studies for Chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerosis. | 1999 | Am. Heart J. | pmid:10539875 |
Dunne M | WIZARD and the design of trials for secondary prevention of atherosclerosis with antibiotics. | 1999 | Am. Heart J. | pmid:10539870 |
Gupta S | Chlamydia pneumoniae, monocyte activation, and azithromycin in coronary heart disease. | 1999 | Am. Heart J. | pmid:10539869 |
Muhlestein JB | Animal models of chlamydia and atherosclerosis. | 1999 | Am. Heart J. | pmid:10539862 |
Mabey D and Bailey R | Eradication of trachoma worldwide. | 1999 | Br J Ophthalmol | pmid:10535853 |
Howell MR et al. | Control of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in female army recruits: cost-effective screening and treatment in training cohorts to prevent pelvic inflammatory disease. | 1999 | Sex Transm Dis | pmid:10534206 |
Melnichouk S et al. | Evaluation of lansoprazole (an H+/K+-ATPase inhibitor) and azithromycin (an antibiotic) for control of gastric ulceration in swine during periods of feed deprivation. | 1999 | Can. J. Vet. Res. | pmid:10534003 |
Yoh M et al. | Effect of subinhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial agents (quinolones and macrolide) on the production of verotoxin by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. | 1999 | Can. J. Microbiol. | pmid:10526400 |
Jackson LA et al. | Safety and effect on anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae antibody titres of a 1 month course of daily azithromycin in adults with coronary artery disease. | 1999 | J. Antimicrob. Chemother. | pmid:10511413 |
Zarantonelli L et al. | Decreased azithromycin susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae due to mtrR mutations. | 1999 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10508026 |
Blandizzi C et al. | Periodontal tissue disposition of azithromycin in patients affected by chronic inflammatory periodontal diseases. | 1999 | J. Periodontol. | pmid:10505797 |
Hook EW et al. | Azithromycin compared with penicillin G benzathine for treatment of incubating syphilis. | 1999 | Ann. Intern. Med. | pmid:10498560 |
Braz LM et al. | [The evaluation of the efficacy of azithromycin and pyrimethamine used alone or in combination in the treatment of an experimental infection in mice by Toxoplasma gondii]. | 1999 Jul-Aug | Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. | pmid:10495670 |
Moore PA | Dental therapeutic indications for the newer long-acting macrolide antibiotics. | 1999 | J Am Dent Assoc | pmid:10492541 |
Dunne MW et al. | Efficacy of azithromycin in prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a randomised trial. California Collaborative Treatment Group. | 1999 | Lancet | pmid:10489947 |
Howard KB et al. | Azithromycin versus erythromycin for community-acquired pneumonia: a cost-minimization analysis. | 1999 | Am J Health Syst Pharm | pmid:10478989 |
Butler T et al. | Treatment of typhoid fever with azithromycin versus chloramphenicol in a randomized multicentre trial in India. | 1999 | J. Antimicrob. Chemother. | pmid:10473232 |
Alvarez Gutiérrez FJ et al. | [A randomized comparative study of 3 days of azithromycin treatment and 10 days of cefuroxime treatment in exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. | 1999 | Med Clin (Barc) | pmid:10472596 |
Bui KQ et al. | Mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocyte dispositions of clarithromycin and azithromycin in AIDS patients requiring Mycobacterium avium complex prophylaxis. | 1999 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10471584 |
Kutlin A et al. | In vitro activities of azithromycin and ofloxacin against Chlamydia pneumoniae in a continuous-infection model. | 1999 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10471577 |
Schachter J et al. | Azithromycin in control of trachoma. | 1999 | Lancet | pmid:10466664 |
Sendi PP et al. | Systematic validation of disease models for pharmacoeconomic evaluations. Swiss HIV Cohort Study. | 1999 | J Eval Clin Pract | pmid:10461580 |
Chiu CH et al. | A clinical trial comparing oral azithromycin, cefixime and no antibiotics in the treatment of acute uncomplicated Salmonella enteritis in children. | 1999 | J Paediatr Child Health | pmid:10457295 |
Kamath R | Antibiotic therapy for Salmonella enteritis. | 1999 | J Paediatr Child Health | pmid:10457286 |
Pasternack R et al. | Follow up of treatment: an integral part of the control of Chlamydia trachomatis infections. | 1999 | Sex Transm Infect | pmid:10448353 |
Krichhoff RM et al. | Determination of azithromycin in gastric biopsy samples. | 1999 | Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther | pmid:10442511 |
Umut S et al. | Determination of the etiological organism during acute exacerbations of COPD and efficacy of azithromycin, ampicillin-sulbactam, ciprofloxacin and cefaclor. Turkish Thoracic Society COPD Working Group. | 1999 | J Chemother | pmid:10435684 |
Foulds G et al. | The effect of azithromycin on the pharmacokinetics of indinavir. | 1999 | J Clin Pharmacol | pmid:10434237 |
Credito KL et al. | Activity of telithromycin (HMR 3647) against anaerobic bacteria compared to those of eight other agents by time-kill methodology. | 1999 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10428930 |
Johnson MM et al. | Effect of carbon dioxide on testing of susceptibilities of respiratory tract pathogens to macrolide and azalide antimicrobial agents. | 1999 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10428903 |
Foster DR and Milan NL | Potential interaction between azithromycin and warfarin. | 1999 | Pharmacotherapy | pmid:10417043 |
Sawhney N | MAC prophylaxis in the era of polypharmacy. | 1999 May-Jun | WMJ | pmid:10414219 |
Neiger R et al. | Use of a urea breath test to evaluate short-term treatments for cats naturally infected with Helicobacter heilmannii. | 1999 | Am. J. Vet. Res. | pmid:10407483 |
Donati M et al. | Comparative in-vitro activity of moxifloxacin, minocycline and azithromycin against Chlamydia spp. | 1999 | J. Antimicrob. Chemother. | pmid:10404322 |
Horgan SE et al. | Use of a low nutrient culture medium for the identification of bacteria causing severe ocular infection. | 1999 | J. Med. Microbiol. | pmid:10403423 |
de Vries PI et al. | Short course of azithromycin/artesunate against falciparum malaria: no full protection against recrudescence. | 1999 | Trop. Med. Int. Health | pmid:10402979 |
Taylor KI and Taylor HR | Distribution of azithromycin for the treatment of trachoma. | 1999 | Br J Ophthalmol | pmid:10396186 |
Baće A et al. | Short-term treatment of pertussis with azithromycin in infants and young children. | 1999 | Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. | pmid:10385021 |
Steele-Moore L et al. | In vitro activities of clarithromycin and azithromycin against clinical isolates of Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare. | 1999 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10383373 |
Trautmann M et al. | Combined activity of azithromycin and lansoprazole against Helicobacter pylori. | 1999 | Helicobacter | pmid:10382125 |
Lombardo L et al. | Helicobacter pylori eradication using one-week low-dose lansoprazole plus amoxycillin and azithromycin: failure of a "promising" association. | 1999 | Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol | pmid:10379493 |
Schönwald S et al. | Azithromycin: single 1.5 g dose in the treatment of patients with atypical pneumonia syndrome--a randomized study. | 1999 May-Jun | Infection | pmid:10378132 |
Alvarez-Elcoro S and Enzler MJ | The macrolides: erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin. | 1999 | Mayo Clin. Proc. | pmid:10377939 |
Dimitrakov J et al. | A case of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in a renal allograft patient. | 1998 | Folia Med (Plovdiv) | pmid:10371799 |
Preheim LC et al. | Ethanol feeding does not affect the efficacy or pharmacokinetics of azithromycin, trovafloxacin, or ceftriaxone in a rat model of pneumococcal pneumonia. | 1999 | Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. | pmid:10371404 |
Johnson JR | Therapy for Legionnaires disease. | 1999 | Ann. Intern. Med. | pmid:10366385 |
Walterspiel JN | Treatment of cat scratch disease. | 1999 | N. Engl. J. Med. | pmid:10366328 |
Cinti S et al. | Killing of Mycobacterium avium by neutrophils and monocytes from AIDS patients treated with recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. | 1999 | J. Infect. Dis. | pmid:10353887 |
Vcev A et al. | High dose omeprazole plus amoxicillin and azithromycin in eradication of Helicobacter pylori in duodenal ulcers. | 1999 | Helicobacter | pmid:10352088 |
Ngo LY et al. | Pharmacokinetics of azithromycin administered alone and with atovaquone in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. The ACTG 254 Team. | 1999 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10348786 |
Wolf K and Malinverni R | Effect of azithromycin plus rifampin versus that of azithromycin alone on the eradication of Chlamydia pneumoniae from lung tissue in experimental pneumonitis. | 1999 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10348778 |
Girgis NI et al. | Azithromycin versus ciprofloxacin for treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever in a randomized trial in Egypt that included patients with multidrug resistance. | 1999 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10348767 |
Wirnsberger GH and Pfragner R | Comment on "Efficacy of azithromycin in the treatment of cyclosporine-induced gingival hyperplasia in renal transplant recipients" by Nash and Zaltzman. | 1999 | Transplantation | pmid:10342326 |
Cammarota G et al. | Three-day antibiotic therapy with azithromycin and tinidazole plus lansoprazole or pantoprazole to cure Helicobacter pylori infection: a pilot study. | 1999 | Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol | pmid:10333196 |
Petitta A et al. | Economic evaluation of three methods of treating urogenital chlamydial infections in the emergency department. | 1999 | Pharmacotherapy | pmid:10331829 |
Cazzola M et al. | Comparative study of dirithromycin and azithromycin in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | 1999 | J Chemother | pmid:10326742 |
Carbon C and Poole MD | The role of newer macrolides in the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infection. A review of experimental and clinical data. | 1999 | J Chemother | pmid:10326741 |
Nowicki M et al. | Partial regression of advanced cyclosporin-induced gingival hyperplasia after treatment with azithromycin. A case report. | 1998 | Ann. Transplant. | pmid:10234432 |
Lietman T et al. | Global elimination of trachoma: how frequently should we administer mass chemotherapy? | 1999 | Nat. Med. | pmid:10229236 |
Taylor H | Towards the global elimination of trachoma. | 1999 | Nat. Med. | pmid:10229224 |
Gorenek L et al. | The diagnosis and treatment of Clostridium difficile in antibiotic-associated diarrhea. | 1999 Jan-Feb | Hepatogastroenterology | pmid:10228818 |
Akova M et al. | In vitro activities of antibiotics alone and in combination against Brucella melitensis at neutral and acidic pHs. | 1999 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10223958 |
Bergman KL et al. | Antimicrobial activities and postantibiotic effects of clarithromycin, 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin, and azithromycin in epithelial cell lining fluid against clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. | 1999 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10223956 |
Könönen E et al. | beta-lactamase production and antimicrobial susceptibility of oral heterogeneous Fusobacterium nucleatum populations in young children. | 1999 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10223950 |
Ouadrhiri Y et al. | Mechanism of the intracellular killing and modulation of antibiotic susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes in THP-1 macrophages activated by gamma interferon. | 1999 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10223943 |
Garey KW et al. | Lack of effect of zafirlukast on the pharmacokinetics of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and 14-hydroxyclarithromycin in healthy volunteers. | 1999 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10223928 |
Khan AA et al. | Effect of clarithromycin and azithromycin on production of cytokines by human monocytes. | 1999 | Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents | pmid:10221415 |
Scaglione F et al. | Interpretation of middle ear fluid concentrations of antibiotics: comparison between ceftibuten, cefixime and azithromycin. | 1999 | Br J Clin Pharmacol | pmid:10215750 |
Retsema JA | Susceptibility and resistance emergence studies with macrolides. | 1999 | Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents | pmid:10204635 |
Amsden GW | Pharmacological considerations in the emergence of resistance. | 1999 | Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents | pmid:10204634 |
Borisov I | [A new therapeutic approach in the treatment of genital chlamydial infections. Azithromycin (Sumamed)]. | 1998 | Akush Ginekol (Sofiia) | pmid:10204275 |
Laine L et al. | Once-daily therapy for H. pylori infection: a randomized comparison of four regimens. | 1999 | Am. J. Gastroenterol. | pmid:10201465 |
Montenez JP et al. | Interactions of macrolide antibiotics (Erythromycin A, roxithromycin, erythromycylamine [Dirithromycin], and azithromycin) with phospholipids: computer-aided conformational analysis and studies on acellular and cell culture models. | 1999 | Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. | pmid:10198278 |
Lea AP and Lamb HM | Azithromycin. A pharmacoeconomic review of its use as a single-dose regimen in the treatment of uncomplicated urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women. | 1997 | Pharmacoeconomics | pmid:10174326 |
Breitschwerdt EB et al. | Efficacy of doxycycline, azithromycin, or trovafloxacin for treatment of experimental Rocky Mountain spotted fever in dogs. | 1999 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10103185 |
Aubert JD et al. | Function of human alveolar macrophages after a 3-day course of azithromycin in healthy volunteers. | 1998 | Pulm Pharmacol Ther | pmid:10101742 |
Anderson JL et al. | Randomized secondary prevention trial of azithromycin in patients with coronary artery disease and serological evidence for Chlamydia pneumoniae infection: The Azithromycin in Coronary Artery Disease: Elimination of Myocardial Infection with Chlamydia (ACADEMIC) study. | 1999 | Circulation | pmid:10096928 |
Ong EL | Prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex in AIDS. | 1999 | J. Infect. | pmid:10090497 |
Garey KW and Amsden GW | Intravenous azithromycin. | 1999 | Ann Pharmacother | pmid:10084418 |
Stamm WE | Chlamydia trachomatis infections: progress and problems. | 1999 | J. Infect. Dis. | pmid:10081511 |
Shirtliff ME et al. | Oral rifampin plus azithromycin or clarithromycin to treat osteomyelitis in rabbits. | 1999 | Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. | pmid:10078148 |
Wyrick PB et al. | Persistent chlamydial envelope antigens in antibiotic-exposed infected cells trigger neutrophil chemotaxis. | 1999 | J. Infect. Dis. | pmid:10068592 |
Van Bambeke F et al. | Lysosomal alterations induced in cultured rat fibroblasts by long-term exposure to low concentrations of azithromycin. | 1998 | J. Antimicrob. Chemother. | pmid:10052900 |
Ogasawara KK and Goodwin TM | Efficacy of azithromycin in reducing lower genital Ureaplasma urealyticum colonization in women at risk for preterm delivery. | 1999 Jan-Feb | J Matern Fetal Med | pmid:10052839 |
O'Doherty B and Muller O | Randomized, multicentre study of the efficacy and tolerance of azithromycin versus clarithromycin in the treatment of adults with mild to moderate community-acquired pneumonia. Azithromycin Study Group. | 1998 | Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. | pmid:10052544 |
Wubbel L et al. | Etiology and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in ambulatory children. | 1999 | Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. | pmid:10048679 |