clarithromycin is a lipid of Polyketides (PK) class. Clarithromycin is associated with abnormalities such as Helicobacter Pylori Infection, Infection, Coinfection, Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer. The involved functions are known as Point Mutation, Increased Sensitivy, Bacterial resistance, urease activity and Mutation. Clarithromycin often locates in Blood, Gastric mucosa, Biopsy sample, Respiratory System and Entire gastrointestinal tract. The associated genes with clarithromycin are Genes, rRNA, rRNA Operon, Genome, HM13 gene and GDF15 gene. The related lipids are 9,11-linoleic acid, Steroids, Lysophosphatidylcholines, Lipopolysaccharides and 4-hydroxycholesterol. The related experimental models are Mouse Model, Knock-out and Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis.
To understand associated biological information of clarithromycin, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
clarithromycin is suspected in Infection, Helicobacter Pylori Infection, Pneumonia, Respiratory Tract Infections, PARKINSON DISEASE, LATE-ONSET, Community acquired pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with clarithromycin
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
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Mouse Model are used in the study 'Inflammation provoked by Mycoplasma pneumoniae extract: implications for combination treatment with clarithromycin and dexamethasone.' (Hirao S et al., 2011), Mouse Model are used in the study 'Tolerance and pharmacokinetic interactions of rifabutin and clarithromycin in human immunodeficiency virus-infected volunteers.' (Hafner R et al., 1998), Mouse Model are used in the study 'Clarithromycin attenuates mastectomy-induced acute inflammatory response.' (Chow LW et al., 2000) and Mouse Model are used in the study 'In vitro and in vivo influence of adjunct clarithromycin on the treatment of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa.' (Bui KQ et al., 2000).
Knock-out are used in the study 'Intrinsic macrolide resistance in Mycobacterium smegmatis is conferred by a novel erm gene, erm(38).' (Nash KA, 2003).
Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis are used in the study 'Failure of treatment for chronic Mycobacterium abscessus meningitis despite adequate clarithromycin levels in cerebrospinal fluid.' (Maniu CV et al., 2001).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Meier A et al. | Identification of mutations in 23S rRNA gene of clarithromycin-resistant Mycobacterium intracellulare. | 1994 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8192472 |
Kohno Y et al. | Autobacteriographic studies of clarithromycin and erythromycin in mice. | 1990 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:2140497 |
Loreto ES et al. | New insights into the in vitro susceptibility of Pythium insidiosum. | 2014 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:25223997 |
Chan GP et al. | Clinical trial of clarithromycin for lepromatous leprosy. | 1994 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8203847 |
Onyeji CO et al. | Efficacies of liposome-encapsulated clarithromycin and ofloxacin against Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare complex in human macrophages. | 1994 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8203849 |
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Steele-Moore L et al. | In vitro activities of clarithromycin and azithromycin against clinical isolates of Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare. | 1999 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10383373 |
Fernandes PB et al. | In vitro and in vivo activities of clarithromycin against Mycobacterium avium. | 1989 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:2530933 |
Alvarez A et al. | Antimicrobial susceptibility and mutations involved in clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori isolates from patients in the western central region of Colombia. | 2009 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:19546360 |
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Zhou Z et al. | Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae in adults in Zhejiang, China. | 2015 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:25451048 |
Kuo CC et al. | In vitro activities of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and other antibiotics against Chlamydia pneumoniae. | 1996 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8913488 |
Hogan PA and Sheehan DJ | Macrolide susceptibility and beta-lactamase production among haemophilus influenzae isolates in the United States, 1996-1997. | 1998 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:9835536 |
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Cirioni O et al. | Efficacy of the combination of tachyplesin III and clarithromycin in rat models of Escherichia coli sepsis. | 2008 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:18779356 |
Tomioka H et al. | In vitro antimicrobial activity of benzoxazinorifamycin, KRM-1648, against Mycobacterium avium complex, determined by the radiometric method. | 1993 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8431020 |
Rouse MS et al. | Efficacy of azithromycin or clarithromycin for prophylaxis of viridans group streptococcus experimental endocarditis. | 1997 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:9257739 |
Cynamon MH et al. | Activity of ABT-773 against Mycobacterium avium complex in the beige mouse model. | 2000 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10991883 |
Fong IW et al. | Influence of clarithromycin on early atherosclerotic lesions after Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in a rabbit model. | 2002 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:12121899 |
Pryjma M et al. | Antagonism between Front-Line Antibiotics Clarithromycin and Amikacin in the Treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus Infections Is Mediated by the Gene. | 2017 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:28874379 |
Bolhuis MS et al. | Clinical validation of the analysis of linezolid and clarithromycin in oral fluid of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. | 2013 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:23689722 |
Spaniol V et al. | Moraxella catarrhalis AcrAB-OprM efflux pump contributes to antimicrobial resistance and is enhanced during cold shock response. | 2015 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:25583725 |
Horgen L et al. | Pulsed-exposure and postantibiotic leukocyte enhancement effects of amikacin, clarithromycin, clofazimine, and rifampin against intracellular Mycobacterium avium. | 1998 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:9797242 |
Bermudez LE et al. | Clarithromycin, dapsone, and a combination of both used to treat or prevent disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection in beige mice. | 1994 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:7695252 |
Conte JE et al. | Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin and of erythromycin. | 1995 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:7726492 |
Nagai K et al. | Activities of a new fluoroketolide, HMR 3787, and its (des)-fluor derivative RU 64399 compared to those of telithromycin, erythromycin A, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and clindamycin against macrolide-susceptible or -resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and S. pyogenes. | 2001 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:11600391 |
Klemens SP and Cynamon MH | Intermittent azithromycin for treatment of Mycobacterium avium infection in beige mice. | 1994 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:7986001 |
Seyama S et al. | Clarithromycin Resistance Mechanisms of Epidemic β-Lactamase-Nonproducing Ampicillin-Resistant Haemophilus influenzae Strains in Japan. | 2016 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:26953210 |
Berry V et al. | Bacteriological efficacies of three macrolides compared with those of amoxicillin-clavulanate against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. | 1998 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:9835514 |
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Friedman ND et al. | Increasing Experience with Primary Oral Medical Therapy for Mycobacterium ulcerans Disease in an Australian Cohort. | 2016 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:26883709 |
Chu SY et al. | Absolute bioavailability of clarithromycin after oral administration in humans. | 1992 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:1387301 |
Yajko DM et al. | Comparison of the intracellular activities of clarithromycin and erythromycin against Mycobacterium avium complex strains in J774 cells and in alveolar macrophages from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals. | 1992 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:1387302 |
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Luna-Herrera J et al. | Antituberculosis activity of clarithromycin. | 1995 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8593004 |
Ellis LC et al. | Postantibiotic effect of clarithromycin alone and combined with ethambutol against Mycobacterium avium complex. | 1995 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8593025 |
Truffot-Pernot C et al. | Clarithromycin is inactive against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. | 1995 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8593032 |
Naik S and Ruck R | In vitro activities of several new macrolide antibiotics against Mycobacterium avium complex. | 1989 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:2817858 |
Collins LA et al. | Green fluorescent protein reporter microplate assay for high-throughput screening of compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. | 1998 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:9527783 |
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Bermudez LE et al. | Emergence of Mycobacterium avium populations resistant to macrolides during experimental chemotherapy. | 1998 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:9449283 |
Portaels F et al. | In vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium ulcerans to clarithromycin. | 1998 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:9687409 |
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Heifets LB et al. | Bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of gentamicin alone and in combination with clarithromycin against Mycobacterium avium. | 1992 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:1416852 |
Brown BA et al. | Activities of clarithromycin against eight slowly growing species of nontuberculous mycobacteria, determined by using a broth microdilution MIC system. | 1992 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:1416891 |
Bermudez LE et al. | Clarithromycin-resistant mycobacterium avium is still susceptible to treatment with clarithromycin and is virulent in mice. | 2000 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10991834 |
Biehle J and Cavalieri SJ | In vitro susceptibility of Mycobacterium kansasii to clarithromycin. | 1992 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:1416897 |
Chu SY et al. | Pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin, a new macrolide, after single ascending oral doses. | 1992 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:1489187 |
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Rastogi N et al. | In vitro activities of the ketolides telithromycin (HMR 3647) and HMR 3004 compared to those of clarithromycin against slowly growing mycobacteria at pHs 6.8 and 7.4. | 2000 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10991870 |
Araujo FG et al. | Activity of clarithromycin alone or in combination with other drugs for treatment of murine toxoplasmosis. | 1992 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:1489188 |
Gan VN et al. | Pharmacokinetics of a clarithromycin suspension in infants and children. | 1992 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:1489191 |
Finch R et al. | Randomized controlled trial of sequential intravenous (i.v.) and oral moxifloxacin compared with sequential i.v. and oral co-amoxiclav with or without clarithromycin in patients with community-acquired pneumonia requiring initial parenteral treatment. | 2002 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:12019085 |
Prazeres Magalhães P et al. | Helicobacter pylori primary resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin in Brazil. | 2002 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:12019131 |
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Kutlin A et al. | Effect of prolonged treatment with azithromycin, clarithromycin, or levofloxacin on Chlamydia pneumoniae in a continuous-infection Model. | 2002 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:11796350 |
Nash KA | Effect of drug concentration on emergence of macrolide resistance in Mycobacterium avium. | 2001 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:11353601 |
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Hoffman HL et al. | Influence of macrolide susceptibility on efficacies of clarithromycin and azithromycin against Streptococcus pneumoniae in a murine lung infection model. | 2003 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:12543686 |
Polis MA et al. | Clarithromycin lowers plasma zidovudine levels in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | 1997 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:9257746 |
Lounis N et al. | Efficacies of clarithromycin regimens against Mycobacterium xenopi in mice. | 2001 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:11600387 |
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Gikas A et al. | In vitro susceptibility of Coxiella burnetii to linezolid in comparison with its susceptibilities to quinolones, doxycycline, and clarithromycin. | 2001 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:11600400 |
Ji B et al. | Effectiveness of various antimicrobial agents against Mycobacterium avium complex in the beige mouse model. | 1994 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:7872741 |
Skinner PS et al. | A bone marrow-derived murine macrophage model for evaluating efficacy of antimycobacterial drugs under relevant physiological conditions. | 1994 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:7872747 |
Valero G et al. | Activities of clarithromycin, ofloxacin, and clarithromycin plus ethambutol against Mycobacterium simiae in murine model of disseminated infection. | 1994 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:7872769 |
Piccolomini R et al. | Bacteriostatic and bactericidal in vitro activities of clarithromycin and erythromycin against periodontopathic Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. | 1998 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:9797240 |
Patel KB et al. | Comparison of bronchopulmonary pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin and azithromycin. | 1996 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8891147 |