| MeSH term | MeSH ID | Detail |
|---|---|---|
| Sacroiliitis | D058566 | 1 associated lipids |
| Chlamydial Pneumonia | D061387 | 2 associated lipids |
clarithromycin
clarithromycin is a lipid of Polyketides (PK) class. Clarithromycin is associated with abnormalities such as Helicobacter Pylori Infection, Infection, Coinfection, Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer. The involved functions are known as Point Mutation, Increased Sensitivy, Bacterial resistance, urease activity and Mutation. Clarithromycin often locates in Blood, Gastric mucosa, Biopsy sample, Respiratory System and Entire gastrointestinal tract. The associated genes with clarithromycin are Genes, rRNA, rRNA Operon, Genome, HM13 gene and GDF15 gene. The related lipids are 9,11-linoleic acid, Steroids, Lysophosphatidylcholines, Lipopolysaccharides and 4-hydroxycholesterol. The related experimental models are Mouse Model, Knock-out and Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis.
Cross Reference
Introduction
To understand associated biological information of clarithromycin, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
What diseases are associated with clarithromycin?
clarithromycin is suspected in Infection, Helicobacter Pylori Infection, Pneumonia, Respiratory Tract Infections, PARKINSON DISEASE, LATE-ONSET, Community acquired pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Related references are mostly published in these journals:
- Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (63)
- J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (56)
- J. Clin. Microbiol. (39)
- Others (258)
| Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
|---|
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.
Possible diseases from mapped MeSH terms on references
We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with clarithromycin
PubChem Associated disorders and diseases
What pathways are associated with clarithromycin
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways
Link to PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and PathwaysWhat cellular locations are associated with clarithromycin?
Visualization in cellular structure
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Related references are published most in these journals:
- J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (25)
- Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (20)
- J. Clin. Microbiol. (9)
- Others (66)
| Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.
What functions are associated with clarithromycin?
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
What lipids are associated with clarithromycin?
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.
What genes are associated with clarithromycin?
Related references are published most in these journals:
- J. Antimicrob. Chemother. (20)
- Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (17)
- J. Clin. Microbiol. (13)
- Others (57)
| Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
What common seen animal models are associated with clarithromycin?
Mouse Model
Mouse Model are used in the study 'Inflammation provoked by Mycoplasma pneumoniae extract: implications for combination treatment with clarithromycin and dexamethasone.' (Hirao S et al., 2011), Mouse Model are used in the study 'Tolerance and pharmacokinetic interactions of rifabutin and clarithromycin in human immunodeficiency virus-infected volunteers.' (Hafner R et al., 1998), Mouse Model are used in the study 'Clarithromycin attenuates mastectomy-induced acute inflammatory response.' (Chow LW et al., 2000) and Mouse Model are used in the study 'In vitro and in vivo influence of adjunct clarithromycin on the treatment of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa.' (Bui KQ et al., 2000).
Knock-out
Knock-out are used in the study 'Intrinsic macrolide resistance in Mycobacterium smegmatis is conferred by a novel erm gene, erm(38).' (Nash KA, 2003).
Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis
Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis are used in the study 'Failure of treatment for chronic Mycobacterium abscessus meningitis despite adequate clarithromycin levels in cerebrospinal fluid.' (Maniu CV et al., 2001).
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.
NCBI Entrez Crosslinks
All references with clarithromycin
Download all related citations| Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goddard AF et al. | Effect of omeprazole on the distribution of metronidazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin in human gastric juice. | 1996 | Gastroenterology | pmid:8690200 |
| Lambert JR | Pharmacology of the gastric mucosa: a rational approach to Helicobacter polytherapy. | 1996 | Gastroenterology | pmid:8690219 |
| Bates JH | Mycobacterium avium disease: progress at last. | 1996 | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | pmid:8665029 |
| Wallace RJ et al. | Clarithromycin regimens for pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex. The first 50 patients. | 1996 | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | pmid:8665032 |
| Frothingham R | Clarithromycin treatment for Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex lung disease. | 1996 | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | pmid:8665069 |
| Treille S et al. | Kidney graft dysfunction after drug interaction between clarithromycin and cyclosporin. | 1996 | Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. | pmid:8672003 |
| Araki J et al. | [A case of Mounier-Kuhn syndrome]. | 1996 | Nippon Naika Gakkai Zasshi | pmid:8708483 |
| Lowe SH et al. | Uveitis during treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex infection with the combination of rifabutin, clarithromycin and ethambutol. | 1996 | Neth J Med | pmid:8710040 |
| Vasquez A et al. | Metronidazole and clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori determined by measuring MICs of antimicrobial agents in color indicator egg yolk agar in a miniwell format. The Gastrointestinal Physiology Working Group of Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and the Johns Hopkins University. | 1996 | J. Clin. Microbiol. | pmid:8727909 |
| O'Hara K and Yamamoto K | Reaction of roxithromycin and clarithromycin with macrolide-inactivating enzymes from highly erythromycin-resistant Escherichia coli. | 1996 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8849224 |
| Darouiche RO et al. | Recurrent disseminated infection with Mycobacterium avium complex identified in tissues by molecular analysis. | 1996 | Clin. Infect. Dis. | pmid:8729215 |
| Flurer CL | Analysis of macrolide antibiotics by capillary electrophoresis. | 1996 | Electrophoresis | pmid:8900943 |
| Gillum JG et al. | Effect of clarithromycin on the pharmacokinetics of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine in patients who are seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus. | 1996 | Clin. Infect. Dis. | pmid:8729217 |
| Segreti J et al. | In vitro activity of macrolides against intracellular Legionella pneumophila. | 1996 | Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. | pmid:8902407 |
| Dalla Libera M et al. | High effectiveness and safety of one-week antibiotic regimen in Helicobacter pylori eradication. | 1996 | Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. | pmid:8730251 |
| Labenz J et al. | One-week triple therapy with omeprazole, amoxycillin and either clarithromycin or metronidazole for cure of Helicobacter pylori infection. | 1996 | Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. | pmid:8730252 |
| Vermot D et al. | Efficacy of clarithromycin versus that of clindamycin for single-dose prophylaxis of experimental streptococcal endocarditis. | 1996 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8851620 |
| Craig AM et al. | Decision analysis of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy using omeprazole with either clarithromycin or amoxicillin. | 1996 | Pharmacoeconomics | pmid:10160472 |
| Apseloff G et al. | Severe neutropenia caused by recommended prophylactic doses of rifabutin. | 1996 | Lancet | pmid:8782773 |
| [Management of atypical Mycobacterium infections in AIDS-patients]. | 1996 | Internist (Berl) | pmid:9131082 | |
| Pankuch GA et al. | MIC and time-kill study of antipneumococcal activities of RPR 106972 (a new oral streptogramin), RP 59500 (quinupristin-dalfopristin), pyostacine (RP 7293), penicillin G, cefotaxime, erythromycin, and clarithromycin against 10 penicillin-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci. | 1996 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8878583 |
| Cadranel JF et al. | [Acute symptomatic cytolytic hepatitis probably related to clarithromycin]. | 1996 | Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. | pmid:9119179 |
| Ednie LM et al. | Comparative activities of clarithromycin, erythromycin, and azithromycin against penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant pneumococci. | 1996 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8843313 |
| Labenz J | [Helicobacter pylori eradication: finally clarity]. | 1996 | Leber Magen Darm | pmid:9082109 |
| Conte JE et al. | Single-dose intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics of azithromycin, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and cefuroxime in volunteer subjects. | 1996 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8807050 |
| Nash KA and Inderlied CB | Rapid detection of mutations associated with macrolide resistance in Mycobacterium avium complex. | 1996 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8807078 |
| Tateda K et al. | Direct evidence for antipseudomonal activity of macrolides: exposure-dependent bactericidal activity and inhibition of protein synthesis by erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin. | 1996 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8891128 |
| Koguchi M et al. | [Antimicrobial activities of clarithromycin against clinical isolates]. | 1996 | Jpn J Antibiot | pmid:8935125 |
| Tomioka H et al. | [Preclinical study of therapeutic agents used against Mycobacterium avium complex infections--with special reference to new macrolides and new quinolones]. | 1996 | Kekkaku | pmid:8999135 |
| Tsuyuguchi K | [In vitro anti-MAC activities of new quinolones in focus (1)]. | 1996 | Kekkaku | pmid:8999136 |
| Sakatani M | [Pilot studies on the treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease--new macrolides and new quinolones. (1) Continuous positive cases (failure of the initial chemotherapy)]. | 1996 | Kekkaku | pmid:8999139 |
| Tanaka E | [Pilot studies on the treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease--new macrolides and new quinolones. (2) Multi-drug chemotherapy for initial cases on trial]. | 1996 | Kekkaku | pmid:8999140 |
| Bock H and Mares A | [Good results with Helicobacter pylori eradication for treatment of non-ulcer dyspepsia]. | 1996 | Leber Magen Darm | pmid:9005302 |
| Tursi A et al. | Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of four different therapeutic regimens for the Helicobacter pylori eradication. | 1996 | Panminerva Med | pmid:9009677 |
| MacFarlane JT et al. | Comparison of amoxycillin and clarithromycin as initial treatment of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. | 1996 | Br J Gen Pract | pmid:8983255 |
| Hachem CY et al. | Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Helicobacter pylori. Comparison of E-test, broth microdilution, and disk diffusion for ampicillin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole. | 1996 | Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. | pmid:8988762 |
| Hackelsberger A and Malfertheiner P | A risk-benefit assessment of drugs used in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. | 1996 | Drug Saf | pmid:8862962 |
| Yousfi MM et al. | One-week triple therapy with omeprazole, amoxycillin and clarithromycin for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. | 1996 | Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. | pmid:8853767 |
| Schimkat M et al. | Rifabutin-associated anterior uveitis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | 1996 | Ger J Ophthalmol | pmid:8854102 |
| Chiba N | Omeprazole and clarithromycin with and without metronidazole for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. | 1996 | Am. J. Gastroenterol. | pmid:8855737 |
| Engelhardt E et al. | [Postoperative infection with Mycobacterium chelonae]. | 1996 | Hautarzt | pmid:9036143 |
| Kelleher P et al. | Uveitis associated with rifabutin and macrolide therapy for Mycobacterium avium intracellulare infection in AIDS patients. | 1996 | Genitourin Med | pmid:9038637 |
| Torresin A et al. | Vinca alkaloids and macrolides in human immunodeficiency virus-related malignancies: a safe association. | 1996 | Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. | pmid:8995518 |
| van Zwet AA et al. | Prevalence of primary Helicobacter pylori resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin in The Netherlands. | 1996 | Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. | pmid:8997557 |
| Thompson D and Oster G | Use of terfenadine and contraindicated drugs. | 1996 | JAMA | pmid:8614120 |
| Stone GG et al. | Identification of a 23S rRNA gene mutation in clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori. | 1996 | Helicobacter | pmid:9432314 |
| Sjöström JE and Larsson H | Factors affecting growth and antibiotic susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori: effect of pH and urea on the survival of a wild-type strain and a urease-deficient mutant. | 1996 | J. Med. Microbiol. | pmid:8636959 |
| Clarithromycin and omeprazole for Helicobacter pylori. | 1996 | Med Lett Drugs Ther | pmid:8637481 | |
| Asnis DS et al. | Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex pneumonia in a non-HIV-infected individual: an increasingly recognized disease. | 1996 | South. Med. J. | pmid:8638183 |
| Pozniak A and Nelson MR | Against the proposition: all patients with advanced HIV disease should be offered rifabutin prophylaxis. | 1996 | Genitourin Med | pmid:8976832 |
| Spadaccini A et al. | Omeprazole versus ranitidine: short-term triple-therapy in patients with Helicobacter pylori-positive duodenal ulcers. | 1996 | Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. | pmid:8899094 |
| Schütze K et al. | Clarithromycin or amoxycillin plus high-dose ranitidine in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori-positive functional dyspepsia. | 1996 | Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol | pmid:8900907 |
| Shaheen N and Grimm IS | Fulminant hepatic failure associated with clarithromycin. | 1996 | Am. J. Gastroenterol. | pmid:8607519 |
| Horowitz RS et al. | Clinical ergotism with lingual ischemia induced by clarithromycin-ergotamine interaction. | 1996 | Arch. Intern. Med. | pmid:8607732 |
| Labenz J et al. | [Ulcer healing through the elimination of Helicobacter pylori: is a week of therapy enough?]. | 1996 | Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. | pmid:8565802 |
| Goh KL et al. | Helicobacter pylori eradication with short-term therapy leads to duodenal ulcer healing without the need for continued acid suppression therapy. | 1996 | Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol | pmid:8804868 |
| Berger C et al. | Treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis with clarithromycin plus rifabutin. | 1996 | J. Pediatr. | pmid:8774511 |
| Sito E et al. | One week treatment with omeprazole, clarithromycin and tinidazole or lansoprazole, amoxicillin and metronidazole for cure of Helicobacter pylori infection in duodenal ulcer patients. | 1996 | J. Physiol. Pharmacol. | pmid:8777303 |
| Gabryelewicz A | Critical evaluation of the treatment of peptic ulcer diseases associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. | 1996 | J. Physiol. Pharmacol. | pmid:8777307 |
| Deltenre M et al. | Strategies for Helicobacter pylori eradication in 1995: a review of international and Belgian experience. | 1996 | J. Physiol. Pharmacol. | pmid:8777308 |
| Roesch W | Cost-effectiveness of H. pylori eradication. | 1996 | J. Physiol. Pharmacol. | pmid:8777309 |
| Plemmons RM et al. | Otitis media and mastoiditis due to Mycobacterium fortuitum: case report, review of four cases, and a cautionary note. | 1996 | Clin. Infect. Dis. | pmid:8783722 |
| Bagarazzi ML et al. | Pulmonary Mycobacterium gordonae infection in a two-year-old child: case report. | 1996 | Clin. Infect. Dis. | pmid:8783736 |
| Santander C et al. | Antimicrobial therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection versus long-term maintenance antisecretion treatment in the prevention of recurrent hemorrhage from peptic ulcer: prospective nonrandomized trial on 125 patients. | 1996 | Am. J. Gastroenterol. | pmid:8759659 |
| Rana KZ et al. | Clarithromycin does not affect phosphorylation of zidovudine in vitro. | 1996 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8843311 |
| Tursi A et al. | Short-term low-dose triple therapy with lansoprazole plus amoxycillin and clarithromycin for Helicobacter pylori eradication. | 1996 | Am. J. Gastroenterol. | pmid:8759696 |
| Debets-Ossenkopp YJ et al. | Mechanism of clarithromycin resistance in clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori. | 1996 | FEMS Microbiol. Lett. | pmid:8759787 |
| Flamm RK et al. | Kill kinetics of antimicrobial agents against Helicobacter pylori. | 1996 | J. Antimicrob. Chemother. | pmid:8937967 |
| Bermudez LE et al. | Effect of ethambutol on emergence of clarithromycin-resistant Mycobacterium avium complex in the beige mouse model. | 1996 | J. Infect. Dis. | pmid:8940212 |
| Nagashima R et al. | Regression of duodenal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma after eradication of Helicobacter pylori. | 1996 | Gastroenterology | pmid:8942749 |
| Ferguson PJ and Saulsbury FT | Successful treatment of chronic Mycobacterium abscessus otitis media with clarithromycin. | 1996 | Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. | pmid:8866816 |
| Giacometti A et al. | In-vitro activity of macrolides alone and in combination with artemisin, atovaquone, dapsone, minocycline or pyrimethamine against Cryptosporidium parvum. | 1996 | J. Antimicrob. Chemother. | pmid:8889715 |
| Tracy TS and Johns M | Comment: delirium probably induced by clarithromycin in a patient receiving fluoxetine. | 1996 | Ann Pharmacother | pmid:8893135 |
| Ghebremichael S et al. | Antimycobacterial synergism of clarithromycin and rifabutin. | 1996 | Scand. J. Infect. Dis. | pmid:8893404 |
| Yousfi MM et al. | Metronidazole, ranitidine and clarithromycin combination for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection (modified Bazzoli's triple therapy). | 1996 | Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. | pmid:8871452 |
| Fisher M et al. | The management of mycobacterial infections in HIV seropositive individuals. Jefferiss Wing Therapeutics and Protocols Group. | 1996 | Int J STD AIDS | pmid:8876354 |
| McLinn S and Williams D | Incidence of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and beta-lactamase-positive Haemophilus influenzae in clinical isolates from patients with otitis media. | 1996 | Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. | pmid:8878239 |
| Gross U and Pohl F | Influence of antimicrobial agents on replication and stage conversion of Toxoplasma gondii. | 1996 | Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. | pmid:8791704 |
| Peterson WL et al. | Ranitidine bismuth citrate plus clarithromycin is effective for healing duodenal ulcers, eradicating H. pylori and reducing ulcer recurrence. RBC H. pylori Study Group. | 1996 | Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. | pmid:8791947 |
| Delchier JC et al. | Omeprazole-amoxycillin versus omeprazole-amoxycillin-clarithromycin in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. | 1996 | Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. | pmid:8791948 |
| Jaup BH and Norrby A | Comparison of two low-dose one-week triple therapy regimens with and without metronidazole for cure of H. pylori infection. | 1996 | Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. | pmid:8791950 |
| Weldon MJ et al. | A seven-day Helicobacter pylori treatment regimen using clarithromycin, omeprazole and tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate. | 1996 | Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. | pmid:8791951 |
| Wenisch C et al. | Effect of single oral dose of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and roxithromycin on polymorphonuclear leukocyte function assessed ex vivo by flow cytometry. | 1996 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8878577 |
| Tursi A et al. | Low-dose omeprazole plus clarithromycin and either tinidazole or amoxycillin for Helicobacter pylori infection. | 1996 | Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. | pmid:8791952 |
| Pierce M et al. | A randomized trial of clarithromycin as prophylaxis against disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection in patients with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | 1996 | N. Engl. J. Med. | pmid:8663871 |
| Rastogi N et al. | In vitro activities of fourteen antimicrobial agents against drug susceptible and resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and comparative intracellular activities against the virulent H37Rv strain in human macrophages. | 1996 | Curr. Microbiol. | pmid:8672093 |
| Blomgren K and Alván G | [New guidelines from the Medical Products Agency: the triple regime against Helicobacter pylori is necessary. Treat only if the ulcer is verified]. | 1996 | Lakartidningen | pmid:8656812 |
| Bachelez H et al. | Disseminated varioliform pustular eruption due to Mycobacterium avium intracellulare in an HIV-infected patient. | 1996 | Br. J. Dermatol. | pmid:8733397 |
| Mehaffey PC et al. | Evaluation of in vitro spectra of activity of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin tested against strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by reference agar dilution, disk diffusion, and Etest methods. | 1996 | J. Clin. Microbiol. | pmid:8789046 |
| Heifets LB | Clarithromycin against Mycobacterium avium complex infections. | 1996 | Tuber. Lung Dis. | pmid:8733409 |
| New data suggest antibiotic clarithromycin is effective in prolonging life of AIDS patients. | 1996 | AIDS Patient Care STDS | pmid:11361575 | |
| Deltenre M et al. | [How to eradicate Helicobacter pylori in 1995? Critical review of available treatments]. | 1996 | Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. | pmid:8734370 |
| Clarithromycin and MAC. | 1996 | AIDS Patient Care STDS | pmid:11361673 | |
| Cayla R | [How to eradicate Helicobacter pylori?]. | 1996 | Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. | pmid:8734380 |
| Harris AW et al. | Lansoprazole, clarithromycin and metronidazole for seven days in Helicobacter pylori infection. | 1996 | Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. | pmid:8971302 |
| Moshkowitz M et al. | One week triple therapy with omeprazole, clarithromycin and tinidazole for Helicobacter pylori: differing efficacy in previously treated and untreated patients. | 1996 | Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. | pmid:8971304 |
| Laine L et al. | Randomized comparison of differing periods of twice-a-day triple therapy for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. | 1996 | Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. | pmid:8971306 |
| Naoki K et al. | [Two cases of pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium chelonae subsp. abscessus]. | 1996 | Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi | pmid:8976085 |
| Iwata M et al. | [Bronchiolitis obliterans preceding rheumatoid arthritis: effect of clarithromycin]. | 1996 | Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi | pmid:8976086 |
| Patel KB et al. | Comparison of bronchopulmonary pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin and azithromycin. | 1996 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8891147 |