clarithromycin

clarithromycin is a lipid of Polyketides (PK) class. Clarithromycin is associated with abnormalities such as Helicobacter Pylori Infection, Infection, Coinfection, Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer. The involved functions are known as Point Mutation, Increased Sensitivy, Bacterial resistance, urease activity and Mutation. Clarithromycin often locates in Blood, Gastric mucosa, Biopsy sample, Respiratory System and Entire gastrointestinal tract. The associated genes with clarithromycin are Genes, rRNA, rRNA Operon, Genome, HM13 gene and GDF15 gene. The related lipids are 9,11-linoleic acid, Steroids, Lysophosphatidylcholines, Lipopolysaccharides and 4-hydroxycholesterol. The related experimental models are Mouse Model, Knock-out and Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis.

Cross Reference

Introduction

To understand associated biological information of clarithromycin, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.

What diseases are associated with clarithromycin?

clarithromycin is suspected in Infection, Helicobacter Pylori Infection, Pneumonia, Respiratory Tract Infections, PARKINSON DISEASE, LATE-ONSET, Community acquired pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.

Related references are mostly published in these journals:

Disease Cross reference Weighted score Related literature
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.

Possible diseases from mapped MeSH terms on references

We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with clarithromycin

MeSH term MeSH ID Detail
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections D016905 16 associated lipids
Angiomatosis, Bacillary D016917 2 associated lipids
Meningitis, Bacterial D016920 6 associated lipids
Common Variable Immunodeficiency D017074 4 associated lipids
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections D017088 9 associated lipids
IgA Deficiency D017098 2 associated lipids
Liver Failure, Acute D017114 11 associated lipids
Skin Diseases, Bacterial D017192 8 associated lipids
Dermatitis, Phototoxic D017484 4 associated lipids
Pityriasis Rosea D017515 3 associated lipids
Cutaneous Fistula D017577 1 associated lipids
Kleine-Levin Syndrome D017593 1 associated lipids
Periodontal Attachment Loss D017622 7 associated lipids
Soft Tissue Injuries D017695 2 associated lipids
Community-Acquired Infections D017714 8 associated lipids
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis D017726 2 associated lipids
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant D018088 6 associated lipids
Cardiovascular Abnormalities D018376 2 associated lipids
Pneumonia, Bacterial D018410 16 associated lipids
Soft Tissue Infections D018461 2 associated lipids
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left D018487 33 associated lipids
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia D018549 3 associated lipids
Carcinoma, Lewis Lung D018827 22 associated lipids
Gingival Overgrowth D019214 7 associated lipids
Tooth, Nonvital D019553 2 associated lipids
alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency D019896 3 associated lipids
Genetic Predisposition to Disease D020022 24 associated lipids
Neurotoxicity Syndromes D020258 34 associated lipids
Central Nervous System Protozoal Infections D020808 3 associated lipids
Epilepsy, Partial, Motor D020938 1 associated lipids
Chlamydophila Infections D023521 4 associated lipids
Desulfovibrionaceae Infections D045824 5 associated lipids
Renal Insufficiency D051437 8 associated lipids
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome D054019 1 associated lipids
Buruli Ulcer D054312 1 associated lipids
Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis D054908 1 associated lipids
Leprosy, Paucibacillary D056005 2 associated lipids
Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis D056824 1 associated lipids
Acute Kidney Injury D058186 34 associated lipids
Plaque, Atherosclerotic D058226 7 associated lipids
Sacroiliitis D058566 1 associated lipids
Chlamydial Pneumonia D061387 2 associated lipids
Per page 10 20 50 100 | Total 242

PubChem Associated disorders and diseases

What pathways are associated with clarithromycin

There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.

PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways

Link to PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways

What cellular locations are associated with clarithromycin?

Related references are published most in these journals:

Location Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.

What functions are associated with clarithromycin?


Related references are published most in these journals:

Function Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures

What lipids are associated with clarithromycin?

Related references are published most in these journals:

Lipid concept Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.

What genes are associated with clarithromycin?

Related references are published most in these journals:


Gene Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures

What common seen animal models are associated with clarithromycin?

Mouse Model

Mouse Model are used in the study 'Inflammation provoked by Mycoplasma pneumoniae extract: implications for combination treatment with clarithromycin and dexamethasone.' (Hirao S et al., 2011), Mouse Model are used in the study 'Tolerance and pharmacokinetic interactions of rifabutin and clarithromycin in human immunodeficiency virus-infected volunteers.' (Hafner R et al., 1998), Mouse Model are used in the study 'Clarithromycin attenuates mastectomy-induced acute inflammatory response.' (Chow LW et al., 2000) and Mouse Model are used in the study 'In vitro and in vivo influence of adjunct clarithromycin on the treatment of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa.' (Bui KQ et al., 2000).

Knock-out

Knock-out are used in the study 'Intrinsic macrolide resistance in Mycobacterium smegmatis is conferred by a novel erm gene, erm(38).' (Nash KA, 2003).

Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis

Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis are used in the study 'Failure of treatment for chronic Mycobacterium abscessus meningitis despite adequate clarithromycin levels in cerebrospinal fluid.' (Maniu CV et al., 2001).

Related references are published most in these journals:

Model Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.

NCBI Entrez Crosslinks

All references with clarithromycin

Download all related citations
Per page 10 20 50 100 | Total 7636
Authors Title Published Journal PubMed Link
Muñoz-Egea MC et al. Effect of Antibiotics and Antibiofilm Agents in the Ultrastructure and Development of Biofilms Developed by Nonpigmented Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria. 2016 Microb. Drug Resist. pmid:26208145
Salimi A et al. Toxicity of macrolide antibiotics on isolated heart mitochondria: a justification for their cardiotoxic adverse effect. 2016 Xenobiotica pmid:26068526
Miftahussurur M et al. Emerging Helicobacter pylori levofloxacin resistance and novel genetic mutation in Nepal. 2016 BMC Microbiol. pmid:27809767
Losurdo G et al. Role of concomitant therapy for eradication: A technical note. 2016 World J. Gastroenterol. pmid:27784977
Zycinska K et al. Antibiotic Treatment of Hospitalized Patients with Pneumonia Complicated by Clostridium Difficile Infection. 2016 Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. pmid:27620311
Bax HI et al. Tigecycline Potentiates Clarithromycin Activity against Mycobacterium avium In Vitro. 2016 Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. pmid:26883697
Hirata Y et al. Efficacy of triple therapy with esomeprazole, amoxicillin, and sitafloxacin as a third-line Helicobacter pylori eradication regimen. 2016 Int. J. Infect. Dis. pmid:27590563
Liou JM et al. Concomitant, bismuth quadruple, and 14-day triple therapy in the first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori: a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial. 2016 Lancet pmid:27769562
Campillo A et al. [10-day triple therapy with esomeprazole 40 mg/12 h vs. quadruple concomitant non-bismuth therapy as first line treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection]. 2016 Gastroenterol Hepatol pmid:27084668
Chauffour A et al. Sterilizing Activity of Fully Oral Intermittent Regimens against Mycobacterium Ulcerans Infection in Mice. 2016 PLoS Negl Trop Dis pmid:27755552
Zhou L et al. Tailored versus Triple plus Bismuth or Concomitant Therapy as Initial Helicobacter pylori Treatment: A Randomized Trial. 2016 Helicobacter pmid:26104022
Phaw NA and Tsai HH Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: a challenge to diagnose and treat. 2016 BMJ Case Rep pmid:27613263
Plate A [Not Available]. 2016 Praxis (Bern 1994) pmid:27606919
Huh CW et al. Early Attempts to Eradicate Helicobacter pylori after Endoscopic Resection of Gastric Neoplasm Significantly Improve Eradication Success Rates. 2016 PLoS ONE pmid:27588679
Watanabe M et al. Saturated fatty acids and fatty acid esters promote the polymorphic transition of clarithromycin metastable form I crystal. 2016 Int J Pharm pmid:27553780
Nagashima A et al. Clarithromycin Suppresses Chloride Channel Accessory 1 and Inhibits Interleukin-13-Induced Goblet Cell Hyperplasia in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. 2016 Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. pmid:27550358
Couture G et al. [Second case of serum sickness-like reaction to claritrhomycin]. 2016 Presse Med pmid:27542759
Bugli F et al. In vitro effect of clarithromycin and alginate lyase against helicobacter pylori biofilm. 2016 Biotechnol. Prog. pmid:27535356
Shichijo S et al. Vonoprazan versus conventional proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy as first-line treatment against Helicobacter pylori: A multicenter retrospective study in clinical practice. 2016 J Dig Dis pmid:27534444
Morimoto K et al. Macrolide-Resistant Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease: Analysis of 102 Consecutive Cases. 2016 Ann Am Thorac Soc pmid:27513168
Christianson S et al. Time-to-Detection of Inducible Macrolide Resistance in Mycobacterium abscessus Subspecies and Its Association with the Erm(41) Sequevar. 2016 PLoS ONE pmid:27490181
Lotfipour F et al. Study of Antimicrobial Effects of Clarithromycin Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles against Clinical Strains of Helicobacter pylori. 2016 Drug Res (Stuttg) pmid:25919643
Büchsel M et al. A case of septic arthritis caused by a Mycoplasma salivarium strain resistant towards Ciprofloxacin and Clarithromycin in a patient with chronic lymphatic leukemia. 2016 Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. pmid:27342785
Lin LC et al. Nonbismuth concomitant quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication in Chinese regions: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. 2016 World J. Gastroenterol. pmid:27340362
Abd-Elsalam S et al. A 2-week Nitazoxanide-based quadruple treatment as a rescue therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A single center experience. 2016 Medicine (Baltimore) pmid:27310977
De Francesco V et al. Two-week Triple Therapy with either Standard or High-dose Esomeprazole for First-line H. pylori Eradication. 2016 J Gastrointestin Liver Dis pmid:27308644
Miyaki A et al. An assessment of the efficacy of first-line Helicobacter pylori-eradication therapy based on clarithromycin susceptibility. 2016 Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol pmid:27304198
Okano Y et al. Miliary pulmonary nodules due to Mycobacterium xenopi in a steroid-induced immunocompromised patient successfully treated with chemotherapy: a case report. 2016 BMC Pulm Med pmid:27287608
Steurer J [Months of antibiotic therapy in persistent symptoms of Lyme disease without effect]. 2016 Praxis (Bern 1994) pmid:27269781
Chung JW et al. Ten-day empirical sequential or concomitant therapy is more effective than triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A multicenter, prospective study. 2016 Dig Liver Dis pmid:27257049
Parize P et al. Induction therapy with linezolid/clarithromycin combination for Mycobacterium chelonae skin infections in immunocompromised hosts. 2016 J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol pmid:25677464
Akram FE et al. A combination of silver nanoparticles and visible blue light enhances the antibacterial efficacy of ineffective antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). 2016 Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob. pmid:27530257
Wong AY et al. Association Between Acute Neuropsychiatric Events and Helicobacter pylori Therapy Containing Clarithromycin. 2016 JAMA Intern Med pmid:27136661
Zollner-Schwetz I et al. Primary resistance of Helicobacter pylori is still low in Southern Austria. 2016 Int. J. Med. Microbiol. pmid:27134190
Georgopoulos SD et al. Randomized clinical trial comparing ten day concomitant and sequential therapies for Helicobacter pylori eradication in a high clarithromycin resistance area. 2016 Eur. J. Intern. Med. pmid:27134145
Kim JS et al. Sequential Therapy versus Triple Therapy for the First Line Treatment of Helicobacter pylori in Korea: A Nationwide Randomized Trial. 2016 Gut Liver pmid:27114421
Manniello MD et al. Aerodynamic properties, solubility and in vitro antibacterial efficacy of dry powders prepared by spray drying: Clarithromycin versus its hydrochloride salt. 2016 Eur J Pharm Biopharm pmid:27106605
Fallone CA et al. The Toronto Consensus for the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Adults. 2016 Gastroenterology pmid:27102658
Bilgilier C et al. Prevalence of clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori strains in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma patients. 2016 Ann. Hematol. pmid:27091350
Root AA et al. Evaluation of the risk of cardiovascular events with clarithromycin using both propensity score and self-controlled study designs. 2016 Br J Clin Pharmacol pmid:27090996
Kazama I et al. Clarithromycin Dose-Dependently Stabilizes Rat Peritoneal Mast Cells. 2016 Chemotherapy pmid:27088971
Huynh VA et al. [Fixed drug eruption to clarithromycin: The importance of challenge tests in diagnosis]. 2016 Ann Dermatol Venereol pmid:27080820
EmiralioÄŸlu N et al. Pulmonary Mycobacterium abscessus Infection in a Patient with Triple A Syndrome. 2016 J. Trop. Pediatr. pmid:27080471
Graham DY and Dore MP Helicobacter pylori therapy: a paradigm shift. 2016 Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther pmid:27077447
Song ZQ et al. Hybrid Therapy Regimen for Helicobacter Pylori Eradication. 2016 Chin. Med. J. pmid:27064046
Seyama S et al. Clarithromycin Resistance Mechanisms of Epidemic β-Lactamase-Nonproducing Ampicillin-Resistant Haemophilus influenzae Strains in Japan. 2016 Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. pmid:26953210
Ji Z et al. The Association of Age and Antibiotic Resistance of Helicobacter Pylori: A Study in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, China. 2016 Medicine (Baltimore) pmid:26937912
Murakami K et al. Vonoprazan, a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, as a component of first-line and second-line triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a phase III, randomised, double-blind study. 2016 Gut pmid:26935876
Park JY et al. Helicobacter pylori Clarithromycin Resistance and Treatment Failure Are Common in the USA. 2016 Dig. Dis. Sci. pmid:26923948
Guirao-Arrabal E et al. Clarithromycin plus linezolid as a sequential therapy for implantable-cardioverter-defibrillator infection caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci. 2016 Rev Esp Quimioter pmid:26888341
Friedman ND et al. Increasing Experience with Primary Oral Medical Therapy for Mycobacterium ulcerans Disease in an Australian Cohort. 2016 Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. pmid:26883709
Chua CS et al. The efficacy of blueberry and grape seed extract combination on triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomised controlled trial. 2016 Int J Food Sci Nutr pmid:26883189
Meng X et al. [Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates in Hebei Province]. 2016 Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi pmid:26879786
Bakshi SS Outcome evaluation of clarithromycin, metronidazole and lansoprazole regimens in Helicobacter pylori positive or negative children with resistant otitis media with effusion. 2016 J Laryngol Otol pmid:26878377
Franceschi F et al. High dose amoxicillin-based first line regimen is equivalent to sequential therapy in the eradication of H. pylori infection. 2016 Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci pmid:26875899
Trac MH et al. Macrolide antibiotics and the risk of ventricular arrhythmia in older adults. 2016 CMAJ pmid:26903359
Mukai S et al. Macrolides sensitize EGFR-TKI-induced non-apoptotic cell death via blocking autophagy flux in pancreatic cancer cell lines. 2016 Int. J. Oncol. pmid:26718641
Iyer G and Alexander GC Cardiovascular risks associated with clarithromycin. 2016 BMJ pmid:26769796
Wong AY et al. Cardiovascular outcomes associated with use of clarithromycin: population based study. 2016 BMJ pmid:26768836
Hirama T et al. PCR-Based Rapid Identification System Using Bridged Nucleic Acids for Detection of Clarithromycin-Resistant Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare Complex Isolates. 2016 J. Clin. Microbiol. pmid:26739154
Radheshi E et al. Postmortem diagnosis of anaphylaxis in presence of decompositional changes. 2016 J Forensic Leg Med pmid:26735898
Hassan ST et al. In vitro synergistic effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa aqueous extract in combination with standard antibiotics against Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates. 2016 Pharm Biol pmid:26731378
Çağan-Appak Y et al. Clarithromycin resistance and 23S rRNA gene point mutations of Helicobacter pylori infection in children. 2016 Turk. J. Pediatr. pmid:28276208
Thung I et al. Review article: the global emergence of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance. 2016 Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. pmid:26694080
Vermeer LM et al. Evaluation of Ketoconazole and Its Alternative Clinical CYP3A4/5 Inhibitors as Inhibitors of Drug Transporters: The In Vitro Effects of Ketoconazole, Ritonavir, Clarithromycin, and Itraconazole on 13 Clinically-Relevant Drug Transporters. 2016 Drug Metab. Dispos. pmid:26668209
Djennane-Hadibi F et al. High-Level Primary Clarithromycin Resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Algiers, Algeria: A Prospective Multicenter Molecular Study. 2016 Microb. Drug Resist. pmid:26554340
Kamiya K et al. Erythema multiforme caused by triple therapy with amoxicillin, clarithromycin and vonoprazan for Helicobacter pylori. 2016 J. Dermatol. pmid:26508502
Mark TM and Coleman M It's Time to Take Clarithromycin Seriously in Multiple Myeloma. 2016 Acta Haematol. pmid:26505907
Apostolopoulos P et al. Concomitant versus sequential therapy for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: a Greek randomized prospective study. 2016 Scand. J. Gastroenterol. pmid:26435055
Hollitt A et al. Cat scratch disease of the parotid gland. 2016 Arch. Dis. Child. pmid:26403943
Oh B et al. The Effect of Probiotics on Gut Microbiota during the Helicobacter pylori Eradication: Randomized Controlled Trial. 2016 Helicobacter pmid:26395781
Lee J et al. A new anti-microbial combination prolongs the latency period, reduces acute histologic chorioamnionitis as well as funisitis, and improves neonatal outcomes in preterm PROM. 2016 J. Matern. Fetal. Neonatal. Med. pmid:26373262
Tsujimae M et al. A Comparative Study of a New Class of Gastric Acid Suppressant Agent Named Vonoparazan versus Esomeprazole for the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori. 2016 Digestion pmid:28030862
Takagi M et al. Underlying mechanism of drug-drug interaction between pioglitazone and gemfibrozil: Gemfibrozil acyl-glucuronide is a mechanism-based inhibitor of CYP2C8. 2015 Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet. pmid:26195223
Li Y et al. Liposomal co-delivery of daptomycin and clarithromycin at an optimized ratio for treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. 2015 Drug Deliv pmid:24471983
Antony SJ Catheter related line sepsis resulting from Mycobacterium chelonae infection in an immunocompromised host. 2015 Infect Disord Drug Targets pmid:26205798
Chowdhary M et al. Intracranial abscess due to Mycobacterium avium complex in an immunocompetent host: a case report. 2015 BMC Infect. Dis. pmid:26201464
Zheng H et al. Association of the in vitro susceptibility of clinical isolates of chlamydia trachomatis with serovar and duration of antibiotic exposure. 2015 Sex Transm Dis pmid:25668641
Jung IY et al. A case of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in an HIV-infected Korean patient successfully treated with clarithromycin. 2015 BMC Infect. Dis. pmid:26201392
Fujiki S et al. Suppressed Release of Clarithromycin from Tablets by Crystalline Phase Transition of Metastable Polymorph Form I. 2015 J Pharm Sci pmid:26053058
Zeng M et al. Clarithromycin and dexamethasone show similar anti-inflammatory effects on distinct phenotypic chronic rhinosinusitis: an explant model study. 2015 BMC Immunol. pmid:26047816
Converse PJ et al. Efficacy of Rifampin Plus Clofazimine in a Murine Model of Mycobacterium ulcerans Disease. 2015 PLoS Negl Trop Dis pmid:26042792
Kumarihamy KW et al. A rare complication of pulmonary tuberculosis: a case report. 2015 BMC Res Notes pmid:25888831
Almeida N et al. Beyond Maastricht IV: are standard empiric triple therapies for Helicobacter pylori still useful in a South-European country? 2015 BMC Gastroenterol pmid:25886722
Kim JS et al. Sequential or concomitant therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2015 J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. pmid:25867718
Burton AJ et al. Efficacy of liposomal gentamicin against Rhodococcus equi in a mouse infection model and colocalization with R. equi in equine alveolar macrophages. 2015 Vet. Microbiol. pmid:25666452
Cowan R et al. Mycobacterium ulcerans treatment--can antibiotic duration be reduced in selected patients? 2015 PLoS Negl Trop Dis pmid:25658304
Brown-Elliott BA et al. Utility of sequencing the erm(41) gene in isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus with low and intermediate clarithromycin MICs. 2015 J. Clin. Microbiol. pmid:25653399
Kam Y et al. Sweat but no gain: inhibiting proliferation of multidrug resistant cancer cells with "ersatzdroges". 2015 Int. J. Cancer pmid:25156304
Yildizoglu U et al. Effect of antibiotic use on bacterial flora of tonsil core in patients with recurrent tonsillitis. 2015 Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol pmid:25510984
Frew JW and Nguyen RT Tattoo-associated mycobacterial infections: an emerging public health issue. 2015 Med. J. Aust. pmid:26852055
Keshavarz Azizi Raftar S et al. The Helicobacter pylori resistance rate to clarithromycin in Iran. 2015 Microb. Drug Resist. pmid:25144338
Stepney R et al. Case report: Improved gum health. 2015 Br Dent J pmid:26657423
Dogan Z et al. The effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on insulin resistance and HbA1c level in people with normal glucose levels: a prospective study. 2015 Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub pmid:24993741
Mesgarpour B et al. A population-based analysis of the risk of drug interaction between clarithromycin and statins for hospitalisation or death. 2015 Lipids Health Dis pmid:26497728
Namkoong H et al. Successful resumption of tocilizumab for rheumatoid arthritis after resection of a pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex lesion: a case report. 2015 BMC Pulm Med pmid:26496968
Wang CH et al. Effects of daily telephone-based re-education before taking medicine on Helicobacter pylori eradication: A prospective single-center study from China. 2015 World J. Gastroenterol. pmid:26494972
Yin SM et al. Disseminated Mycobacterium kansasii disease in complete DiGeorge syndrome. 2015 J. Clin. Immunol. pmid:26048260
Nakamura M et al. Clarithromycin ameliorates pulmonary inflammation induced by short term cigarette smoke exposure in mice. 2015 Pulm Pharmacol Ther pmid:26363279
Brusselle GG Are the antimicrobial properties of macrolides required for their therapeutic efficacy in chronic neutrophilic airway diseases? 2015 Thorax pmid:25870311