Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Yuan J et al. | Ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma have potent antitumor effect against human renal cell carcinoma. | 2005 | Urology | pmid:15780399 |
Kim S et al. | Synthesis of 15R-PGD2: a potential DP2 receptor agonist. | 2005 | Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. | pmid:15780624 |
Marshall JC | Modeling MODS: what can be learned from animal models of the multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome? | 2005 | Intensive Care Med | pmid:15782317 |
Gazi L et al. | Delta12-prostaglandin D2 is a potent and selective CRTH2 receptor agonist and causes activation of human eosinophils and Th2 lymphocytes. | 2005 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:15789622 |
Bianchi A et al. | Contrasting effects of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma agonists on membrane-associated prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 in IL-1beta-stimulated rat chondrocytes: evidence for PPARgamma-independent inhibition by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14prostaglandin J2. | 2005 | Arthritis Res. Ther. | pmid:16277686 |
Shibata T and Uchida K | [Current opinions on prostaglandin J2]. | 2005 | Seikagaku | pmid:16241007 |
Appel S et al. | PPAR-gamma agonists inhibit toll-like receptor-mediated activation of dendritic cells via the MAP kinase and NF-kappaB pathways. | 2005 | Blood | pmid:16105976 |
Boyce JA | Eicosanoid mediators of mast cells: receptors, regulation of synthesis, and pathobiologic implications. | 2005 | Chem Immunol Allergy | pmid:16107763 |
Hata AN et al. | Identification of determinants of ligand binding affinity and selectivity in the prostaglandin D2 receptor CRTH2. | 2005 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:16030019 |
Hosoya T et al. | Differential responses of the Nrf2-Keap1 system to laminar and oscillatory shear stresses in endothelial cells. | 2005 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:15917255 |
Andrews WJ et al. | Aromatase inhibition by 15-deoxy-prostaglandin J(2) (15-dPGJ(2)) and N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-retinamide (4HPR) is associated with enhanced ceramide production. | 2005 | J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. | pmid:15862961 |
Allred CD and Kilgore MW | Selective activation of PPARgamma in breast, colon, and lung cancer cell lines. | 2005 | Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. | pmid:15866424 |
Marzocco S et al. | The cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxydelta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 attenuates the development of zymosan-induced shock. | 2005 | Intensive Care Med | pmid:15868139 |
Kaplan JM et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15D-PGJ(2)), a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma ligand, reduces tissue leukosequestration and mortality in endotoxic shock. | 2005 | Shock | pmid:15988322 |
Tomita H et al. | Troglitazone and 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 inhibit shear-induced coupling factor 6 release in endothelial cells. | 2005 | Cardiovasc. Res. | pmid:15949477 |
Lappas M et al. | Effect of nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands on PTHrP release from human fetal membranes. | 2004 Sep-Oct | Placenta | pmid:15450387 |
Dong YG et al. | Effects of 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 on cell proliferation and apoptosis in ECV304 endothelial cells. | 2004 | Acta Pharmacol. Sin. | pmid:14704122 |
Kumar AP et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands regulate myeloperoxidase expression in macrophages by an estrogen-dependent mechanism involving the -463GA promoter polymorphism. | 2004 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:14668325 |
Böhm E et al. | 11-Dehydro-thromboxane B2, a stable thromboxane metabolite, is a full agonist of chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells (CRTH2) in human eosinophils and basophils. | 2004 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:14668348 |
Ray DM et al. | Human multiple myeloma cells express peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and undergo apoptosis upon exposure to PPARgamma ligands. | 2004 | Clin. Immunol. | pmid:15451478 |
Józkowicz A et al. | 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin-J2 inhibits expression of eNOS in human endothelial cells. | 2004 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:15560113 |
Abraha D et al. | (S,S)-formoterol increases the production of IL-4 in mast cells and the airways of a murine asthma model. | 2004 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:15031612 |
Rodway HA et al. | Lysophosphatidic acid attenuates the cytotoxic effects and degree of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activation induced by 15-deoxyDelta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in neuroblastoma cells. | 2004 | Biochem. J. | pmid:15171682 |
Morii E and Oboki K | MITF is necessary for generation of prostaglandin D2 in mouse mast cells. | 2004 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:15375155 |
Kumagai M et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 inhibits the IL-1beta-induced expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells. | 2004 | Tohoku J. Exp. Med. | pmid:14998300 |
Emi M and Maeyama K | The biphasic effects of cyclopentenone prostaglandins, prostaglandin J(2) and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) on proliferation and apoptosis in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. | 2004 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:15013841 |
Waits PS et al. | Nociceptin/orphanin FQ modulates human T cell function in vitro. | 2004 | J. Neuroimmunol. | pmid:15020071 |
Azuma Y et al. | Possible involvement of p38 in mechanisms underlying acceleration of proliferation by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 and the precursors in leukemia cell line THP-1. | 2004 | J. Pharmacol. Sci. | pmid:15037811 |
Diab A et al. | Ligands for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and the retinoid X receptor exert additive anti-inflammatory effects on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | 2004 | J. Neuroimmunol. | pmid:14975592 |
Paumi CM et al. | Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) inhibit transcriptional activation by the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) ligand, 15-deoxy-delta 12,14prostaglandin J2 (15-d-PGJ2). | 2004 | Biochemistry | pmid:14979731 |
Fogel-Petrovic M et al. | Activated human dendritic cells express inducible cyclo-oxygenase and synthesize prostaglandin E2 but not prostaglandin D2. | 2004 | Immunol. Cell Biol. | pmid:14984594 |
Woolhiser MR et al. | Activation of human mast cells by aggregated IgG through FcgammaRI: additive effects of C3a. | 2004 | Clin. Immunol. | pmid:15003814 |
Relic B et al. | 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits Bay 11-7085-induced sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation and apoptosis in human articular chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts. | 2004 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:15004016 |
Angeli V et al. | Activation of the D prostanoid receptor 1 regulates immune and skin allergic responses. | 2004 | J. Immunol. | pmid:15004188 |
Lupi R et al. | Rosiglitazone prevents the impairment of human islet function induced by fatty acids: evidence for a role of PPARgamma2 in the modulation of insulin secretion. | 2004 | Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. | pmid:14625208 |
Ishii T and Uchida K | Induction of reversible cysteine-targeted protein oxidation by an endogenous electrophile 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2004 | Chem. Res. Toxicol. | pmid:15487891 |
Li Z et al. | Neurotoxic prostaglandin J2 enhances cyclooxygenase-2 expression in neuronal cells through the p38MAPK pathway: a death wish? | 2004 | J. Neurosci. Res. | pmid:15523637 |
Sabichi AL et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma suppresses cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human prostate cells. | 2004 | Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. | pmid:15533896 |
Subbarayan V et al. | Differential peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma isoform expression and agonist effects in normal and malignant prostate cells. | 2004 | Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. | pmid:15533897 |
Eucker J et al. | Ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma induce apoptosis in multiple myeloma. | 2004 | Anticancer Drugs | pmid:15514564 |
Yoshida M et al. | Methotrexate enhances prostaglandin D2-stimulated heat shock protein 27 induction in osteoblasts. | 2004 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:15519494 |
Giri S et al. | The 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits the inflammatory response in primary rat astrocytes via down-regulating multiple steps in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-NF-kappaB-p300 pathway independent of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. | 2004 | J. Immunol. | pmid:15470065 |
Hayaishi O et al. | Genes for prostaglandin d synthase and receptor as well as adenosine A2A receptor are involved in the homeostatic regulation of nrem sleep. | 2004 | Arch Ital Biol | pmid:15493554 |
Emmans VC et al. | Regulation of cellular processes by PPARgamma ligands in neuroblastoma cells is modulated by the level of retinoblastoma protein expression. | 2004 | Biochem. Soc. Trans. | pmid:15494029 |
Huang H et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands improve the antitumor efficacy of thrombospondin peptide ABT510. | 2004 | Mol. Cancer Res. | pmid:15498928 |
Asami-Miyagishi R et al. | Expression and function of PPARgamma in rat placental development. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:14766236 |
Higashihara H et al. | Hypoxia-reoxygenation enhances interleukin-8 production from U937 human monocytic cells. | 2004 | Redox Rep. | pmid:15720834 |
Takagi T et al. | A PPAR-gamma ligand, 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J(2), inhibited gastric mucosal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats. | 2004 | Redox Rep. | pmid:15720836 |
Mix KS et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-independent repression of collagenase gene expression by 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic acid and prostaglandin 15-deoxy-delta(12,14) J2: a role for Smad signaling. | 2004 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:14742672 |
Blázovics A et al. | [Cytokines, prostaglandins, nutritive and non-nuitritive factors in inflammatory bowel diseases]. | 2004 | Orv Hetil | pmid:15662752 |
Trottein F et al. | Role of the D prostanoid receptor 1 in the modulation of immune and inflammatory responses. | 2004 | Crit. Rev. Immunol. | pmid:15663363 |
Yuan Z et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands ameliorate experimental autoimmune myocarditis associated with inhibition of self-sensitive T cells. | 2004 | J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. | pmid:15167281 |
Lee KJ et al. | Ox-LDL suppresses PMA-induced MMP-9 expression and activity through CD36-mediated activation of PPAR-g. | 2004 | Exp. Mol. Med. | pmid:15665586 |
Dahlén SE and Kumlin M | Monitoring mast cell activation by prostaglandin D2 in vivo. | 2004 | Thorax | pmid:15170020 |
Bochenek G et al. | Plasma 9alpha,11beta-PGF2, a PGD2 metabolite, as a sensitive marker of mast cell activation by allergen in bronchial asthma. | 2004 | Thorax | pmid:15170023 |
Cheron A et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits glucocorticoid binding and signaling in macrophages through a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-independent process. | 2004 | J. Immunol. | pmid:15187150 |
Maddox JF et al. | 15-deoxy prostaglandin J2 enhances allyl alcohol-induced toxicity in rat hepatocytes. | 2004 | Toxicol. Sci. | pmid:14657518 |
Baek SJ et al. | Expression of NAG-1, a transforming growth factor-beta superfamily member, by troglitazone requires the early growth response gene EGR-1. | 2004 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:14662774 |
Levonen AL et al. | Cellular mechanisms of redox cell signalling: role of cysteine modification in controlling antioxidant defences in response to electrophilic lipid oxidation products. | 2004 | Biochem. J. | pmid:14616092 |
Reddy RC et al. | Deactivation of murine alveolar macrophages by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands. | 2004 | Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. | pmid:14617516 |
Asada K et al. | Antiinflammatory roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in human alveolar macrophages. | 2004 | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | pmid:14563653 |
Reddy PS et al. | The synthesis and effects of prostaglandins on the ovary of the crab Oziotelphusa senex senex. | 2004 | Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. | pmid:14644642 |
Ehara N et al. | Activators of PPARgamma antagonize protection of cardiac myocytes by endothelin-1. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:15358182 |
Yuan ZY et al. | PPAR-gamma ligands inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines and attenuate autoimmune myocarditis. | 2004 | Chin. Med. J. | pmid:15361304 |
Dugo L et al. | 15d-prostaglandin J2 reduces multiple organ failure caused by wall-fragment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. | 2004 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:15364008 |
Li L et al. | Molecular mechanisms regulating the antifibrogenic protein heme-oxygenase-1 in human hepatic myofibroblasts. | 2004 | J. Hepatol. | pmid:15336443 |
Hirata Y et al. | Anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic effect of NEPP11 on manganese-induced apoptosis and JNK pathway activation in PC12 cells. | 2004 | Brain Res. | pmid:15342272 |
Boyault S et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) inhibits IL-1beta-induced IKK enzymatic activity and IkappaBalpha degradation in rat chondrocytes through a PPARgamma-independent pathway. | 2004 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:15304320 |
Ichiki T et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 and thiazolidinediones transactivate epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:15369766 |
Schlezinger JJ et al. | Environmental and endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists induce bone marrow B cell growth arrest and apoptosis: interactions between mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, 9-cis-retinoic acid, and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2004 | J. Immunol. | pmid:15322177 |
Si Q et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits IFN-inducible protein 10/CXC chemokine ligand 10 expression in human microglia: mechanisms and implications. | 2004 | J. Immunol. | pmid:15322215 |
Cheng J et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands, 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2, and ciglitazone, induce growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest in hepatic oval cells. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:15325252 |
Luster AD and Tager AM | T-cell trafficking in asthma: lipid mediators grease the way. | 2004 | Nat. Rev. Immunol. | pmid:15343370 |
Fernández-Tome M et al. | p44/42(ERK1/2) MAPK and PLD activation by PGD2 preserves papillary phosphatidylcholine homeostasis. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:15249196 |
Kanunfre CC et al. | Ciglitizone and 15d PGJ2 induce apoptosis in Jurkat and Raji cells. | 2004 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:15251113 |
Berry EB et al. | Differential effects of serum constituents on apoptosis induced by the cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in WISH epithelial cells. | 2004 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:15253890 |
Morosetti R et al. | The PPARgamma ligands PGJ2 and rosiglitazone show a differential ability to inhibit proliferation and to induce apoptosis and differentiation of human glioblastoma cell lines. | 2004 | Int. J. Oncol. | pmid:15254749 |
Hofnagel O et al. | Proinflammatory cytokines regulate LOX-1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. | 2004 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:15271788 |
Park KS et al. | Neuronal differentiation of embryonic midbrain cells by upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma via the JNK-dependent pathway. | 2004 | Exp. Cell Res. | pmid:15212945 |
Shan ZZ et al. | A potential role of 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 for induction of human articular chondrocyte apoptosis in arthritis. | 2004 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:15213234 |
Tanaka Y et al. | Enhanced release of prostaglandin D2 during re-incubation of RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells after treatment of both lipopolysaccharide and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. | 2004 | Biol. Pharm. Bull. | pmid:15256727 |
Jawerbaum A et al. | Influence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activation by its endogenous ligand 15-deoxy Delta12,14 prostaglandin J2 on nitric oxide production in term placental tissues from diabetic women. | 2004 | Mol. Hum. Reprod. | pmid:15258247 |
Zhao ML et al. | 15-deoxy-delta (12,14)-PGJ2 inhibits astrocyte IL-1 signaling: inhibition of NF-kappaB and MAP kinase pathways and suppression of cytokine and chemokine expression. | 2004 | J. Neuroimmunol. | pmid:15265671 |
Zhang X et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and its ligands attenuate biologic functions of human natural killer cells. | 2004 | Blood | pmid:15265789 |
Azuma Y et al. | Induction of proliferation by 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 and the precursors in monocytic leukemia U937. | 2004 | Pharmacology | pmid:15240994 |
Zhang C et al. | The novel synthetic oleanane triterpenoid CDDO (2-cyano-3, 12-dioxoolean-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid) induces apoptosis in Mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome cells. | 2004 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:15245439 |
Chana RS et al. | Differential effects of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma) ligands in proximal tubular cells: thiazolidinediones are partial PPAR gamma agonists. | 2004 | Kidney Int. | pmid:15149321 |
Garg TK and Chang JY | 15-deoxy-delta 12, 14-Prostaglandin J2 prevents reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial membrane depolarization induced by oxidative stress. | 2004 | BMC Pharmacol. | pmid:15149553 |
Park EY et al. | Transactivation of the PPAR-responsive enhancer module in chemopreventive glutathione S-transferase gene by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and retinoid X receptor heterodimer. | 2004 | Cancer Res. | pmid:15150131 |
Akbiyik F et al. | Human bone marrow megakaryocytes and platelets express PPARgamma, and PPARgamma agonists blunt platelet release of CD40 ligand and thromboxanes. | 2004 | Blood | pmid:15130939 |
Han S et al. | Ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma inhibit lung cancer cell growth and induce apoptosis by stimulation of P21 expression. | 2004 | Chest | pmid:15136464 |
Collin M et al. | Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma in the protection afforded by 15-deoxydelta12,14 prostaglandin J2 against the multiple organ failure caused by endotoxin. | 2004 | Crit. Care Med. | pmid:15090969 |
Baolin L et al. | Resveratrol inhibits the release of mediators from bone marrow-derived mouse mast cells in vitro. | 2004 | Planta Med. | pmid:15095144 |
Zang C et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands induce growth inhibition and apoptosis of human B lymphocytic leukemia. | 2004 | Leuk. Res. | pmid:15109539 |
Jakob M et al. | Chondrogenesis of expanded adult human articular chondrocytes is enhanced by specific prostaglandins. | 2004 | Rheumatology (Oxford) | pmid:15113997 |
Verrier E et al. | PPARgamma agonists ameliorate endothelial cell activation via inhibition of diacylglycerol-protein kinase C signaling pathway: role of diacylglycerol kinase. | 2004 | Circ. Res. | pmid:15117825 |
Leung WK et al. | Effect of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma ligands on growth and gene expression profiles of gastric cancer cells. | 2004 | Gut | pmid:14960510 |
Mouihate A et al. | A novel antipyretic action of 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in the rat brain. | 2004 | J. Neurosci. | pmid:14960602 |
Chatterjee PK et al. | The cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 ameliorates ischemic acute renal failure. | 2004 | Cardiovasc. Res. | pmid:14962493 |
Brummond KM et al. | The first total synthesis of 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 and the unambiguous assignment of the C14 stereochemistry. | 2004 | Org. Lett. | pmid:14723515 |