Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Pritts EA et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand inhibition of RANTES production by human endometriotic stromal cells is mediated through an upstream promoter element. | 2003 | Fertil. Steril. | pmid:12909507 |
Zanoni G et al. | A --> J prostaglandin swap: a new tactic for cyclopentenone prostaglandin synthesis. | 2003 | J. Org. Chem. | pmid:12919053 |
Zhang M et al. | [Apoptosis of human lung cancer cells induced by activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and its mechanism]. | 2003 | Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi | pmid:12921638 |
Date M et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2, a ligand for peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-gamma, induces apoptosis in human hepatoma cells. | 2003 | Liver Int. | pmid:14986820 |
Mitsumori S et al. | Synthesis and biological activity of various derivatives of a novel class of potent, selective, and orally active prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonists. 2. 6,6-Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane derivatives. | 2003 | J. Med. Chem. | pmid:12773048 |
Kim EJ et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activator 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits neuroblastoma cell growth through induction of apoptosis: association with extracellular signal-regulated kinase signal pathway. | 2003 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:12966153 |
Collin M and Thiemermann C | The PPAR-gamma ligand 15-deoxy(delta12,14) prostaglandin J2 reduces the liver injury in endotoxic shock. | 2003 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12969773 |
Caivano M et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 regulates endogenous Cot MAPK kinase kinase 1 activity induced by lipopolysaccharide. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:14557273 |
Murakami Y et al. | Inhibition of monosodium urate monohydrate crystal-induced acute inflammation by retrovirally transfected prostaglandin D synthase. | 2003 | Arthritis Rheum. | pmid:14558100 |
Niyonsaba F et al. | Epithelial cell-derived antibacterial peptides human beta-defensins and cathelicidin: multifunctional activities on mast cells. | 2003 | Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy | pmid:14561157 |
Paumi CM et al. | Multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 1 and MRP3 attenuate cytotoxic and transactivating effects of the cyclopentenone prostaglandin, 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)prostaglandin J2 in MCF7 breast cancer cells. | 2003 | Biochemistry | pmid:12731885 |
Gosset P et al. | Prostaglandin D2 affects the maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells: consequence on the polarization of naive Th cells. | 2003 | J. Immunol. | pmid:12734337 |
Lu S et al. | Specific gene expression of isoforms in cyclooxygenase pathway to generate PGJ2 derivatives during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. | 2003 | Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. | pmid:12751756 |
Monneret G et al. | 15R-methyl-prostaglandin D2 is a potent and selective CRTH2/DP2 receptor agonist in human eosinophils. | 2003 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:12490611 |
Li L et al. | RasGRP4 regulates the expression of prostaglandin D2 in human and rat mast cell lines. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:12493770 |
Takano H and Komuro I | Roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in cardiovascular disease. | 2002 Jan-Feb | J. Diabetes Complicat. | pmid:11872377 |
Harris SG and Phipps RP | Prostaglandin D(2), its metabolite 15-d-PGJ(2), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma agonists induce apoptosis in transformed, but not normal, human T lineage cells. | 2002 | Immunology | pmid:11849312 |
Masamune A et al. | Ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma induce apoptosis in AR42J cells. | 2002 | Pancreas | pmid:11854617 |
Diab A et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11859145 |
Adams IR and McLaren A | Sexually dimorphic development of mouse primordial germ cells: switching from oogenesis to spermatogenesis. | 2002 | Development | pmid:11874911 |
Mellor EA et al. | Cysteinyl leukotrienes and uridine diphosphate induce cytokine generation by human mast cells through an interleukin 4-regulated pathway that is inhibited by leukotriene receptor antagonists. | 2002 | J. Exp. Med. | pmid:11877481 |
Xie S et al. | 15 deoxy delta12,14 PGJ2 induces procoagulant activity in cultured human endothelial cells. | 2002 | Thromb. Haemost. | pmid:11916086 |
Rovin BH et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 regulates mesangial cell proliferation and death. | 2002 | Kidney Int. | pmid:11918736 |
Mondoro TH and Vostal JG | Cold temperatures reduce the sensitivity of stored platelets to disaggregating agents. | 2002 | Platelets | pmid:11918832 |
Noverr MC et al. | Production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes by pathogenic fungi. | 2002 | Infect. Immun. | pmid:11748207 |
Schoppee PD et al. | Putative activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma impairs androgen and enhances progesterone biosynthesis in primary cultures of porcine theca cells. | 2002 | Biol. Reprod. | pmid:11751282 |
Fujitani Y et al. | Pronounced eosinophilic lung inflammation and Th2 cytokine release in human lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase transgenic mice. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11751991 |
Yagami T et al. | Human group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 induces neuronal cell death via apoptosis. | 2002 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:11752212 |
Fu Y et al. | Upregulation of interleukin-8 expression by prostaglandin D2 metabolite 15-deoxy-delta12, 14 prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) in human THP-1 macrophages. | 2002 | Atherosclerosis | pmid:11755918 |
Chen GG et al. | Apoptosis induced by activation of peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-gamma is associated with Bcl-2 and NF-kappaB in human colon cancer. | 2002 | Life Sci. | pmid:12269390 |
Suzuki R and Freed AN | Heparin inhibits hyperventilation-induced late-phase hyperreactivity in dogs. | 2002 | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | pmid:11779726 |
Shibata T et al. | 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2. A prostaglandin D2 metabolite generated during inflammatory processes. | 2002 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:11786541 |
Simonin MA et al. | PPAR-gamma ligands modulate effects of LPS in stimulated rat synovial fibroblasts. | 2002 | Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. | pmid:11742805 |
Masamune A et al. | Ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma block activation of pancreatic stellate cells. | 2002 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:11606585 |
Chen SY et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 induces apoptosis of a thyroid papillary cancer cell line (CG3 cells) through increasing intracellular iron and oxidative stress. | 2002 | Anticancer Drugs | pmid:12187333 |
Yamamoto S et al. | Agents that elevate cyclic AMP induce receptor phosphorylation primarily at serine 331 in HEK 293 cells overexpressing human thromboxane receptor alpha. | 2002 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:12147288 |
Sakurai S et al. | Retinal capillary pericyte proliferation and c-Fos mRNA induction by prostaglandin D2 through the cAMP response element. | 2002 | Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. | pmid:12147615 |
Saito S et al. | Prostaglandin D2 and reproduction. | 2002 | Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. | pmid:12148545 |
Miyazaki Y et al. | Inhibitory effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands on the expression of IgE heavy chain germline transcripts in the human B cell line DND39. | 2002 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:12150985 |
Fernández-Tomé Mdel C et al. | Phospholipase C inhibitors and prostaglandins differentially regulate phosphatidylcholine synthesis in rat renal papilla. Evidence of compartmental regulation of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase and CDP-choline:1,2-diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase. | 2002 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:12117562 |
Kohyama T et al. | PGD(2) modulates fibroblast-mediated native collagen gel contraction. | 2002 | Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. | pmid:12204901 |
Nencioni A et al. | Dendritic cell immunogenicity is regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:12133943 |
Kudoh I et al. | [Prostanoids and acute lung injury]. | 2002 | Masui | pmid:12134647 |
Meier CA et al. | Regulation of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in THP-1 cells by ligands of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. | 2002 | Cytokine | pmid:12160520 |
Kwak BR et al. | PPARgamma but not PPARalpha ligands are potent repressors of major histocompatibility complex class II induction in atheroma-associated cells. | 2002 | Circ. Res. | pmid:11861426 |
Shimada T et al. | Characteristics of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligand induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells. | 2002 | Gut | pmid:11950812 |
Pestel S et al. | Inhibition by prostaglandin E(2) of anaphylatoxin C5a- but not zymosan-induced prostanoid release from rat Kupffer cells. | 2002 | Lab. Invest. | pmid:11950903 |
Nishida K et al. | Inhibition of human chondrosarcoma cell growth via apoptosis by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. | 2002 | Br. J. Cancer | pmid:11953889 |
Finck BN and Johnson RW | Anti-inflammatory agents inhibit the induction of leptin by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. | 2002 | Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. | pmid:11959686 |
Bureau F et al. | A proinflammatory role for the cyclopentenone prostaglandins at low micromolar concentrations: oxidative stress-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation without NF-kappa B inhibition. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11994490 |
Nosjean O and Boutin JA | Natural ligands of PPARgamma: are prostaglandin J(2) derivatives really playing the part? | 2002 | Cell. Signal. | pmid:11955950 |
Kohyama T et al. | Prostaglandin D2 inhibits fibroblast migration. | 2002 | Eur. Respir. J. | pmid:11998998 |
Sharif NA and Davis TL | Cloned human EP1 prostanoid receptor pharmacology characterized using radioligand binding techniques. | 2002 | J. Pharm. Pharmacol. | pmid:11999132 |
Janabi N | Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 expression by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) in activated human astrocytes, but not in human brain macrophages. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11971025 |
Yu Y et al. | Conjugated linoleic acid decreases production of pro-inflammatory products in macrophages: evidence for a PPAR gamma-dependent mechanism. | 2002 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:12020636 |
Natarajan C and Bright JJ | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists inhibit experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by blocking IL-12 production, IL-12 signaling and Th1 differentiation. | 2002 | Genes Immun. | pmid:11960303 |
Cuzzocrea S et al. | The cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) attenuates the development of acute and chronic inflammation. | 2002 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:11961117 |
Kojima K et al. | Effect of PPARgamma ligands on the viability of gastric epithelial cells. | 2002 | Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. | pmid:11966526 |
Lee B et al. | Prostaglandin D synthase in the prenatal ovine brain and effects of its inhibition with selenium chloride on fetal sleep/wake activity in utero. | 2002 | J. Neurosci. | pmid:12097519 |
Wang YL et al. | Thiazolidinedione activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma can enhance mitochondrial potential and promote cell survival. | 2002 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:12082115 |
Huang WC et al. | Superoxide anion-dependent Raf/MEK/ERK activation by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma agonists 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2), ciglitazone, and GW1929. | 2002 | Exp. Cell Res. | pmid:12083801 |
Kondo M et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2): the endogenous electrophile that induces neuronal apoptosis. | 2002 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:12032289 |
Krishnaswamy G et al. | Regulation of eosinophil-active cytokine production from human cord blood-derived mast cells. | 2002 | J. Interferon Cytokine Res. | pmid:12034046 |
Sawano H et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits IL-1beta-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in mesangial cells. | 2002 | Kidney Int. | pmid:12028436 |
Zander T et al. | Induction of apoptosis in human and rat glioma by agonists of the nuclear receptor PPARgamma. | 2002 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:12065618 |
Yagami T et al. | Group IB secretory phospholipase A2 induces neuronal cell death via apoptosis. | 2002 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:12065654 |
Fujino T et al. | Effects of the prostanoids on the proliferation or hypertrophy of cultured murine aortic smooth muscle cells. | 2002 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12055131 |
Ward C et al. | Prostaglandin D2 and its metabolites induce caspase-dependent granulocyte apoptosis that is mediated via inhibition of I kappa B alpha degradation using a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-independent mechanism. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:12055237 |
Wayman NS et al. | Ligands of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR-gamma and PPAR-alpha) reduce myocardial infarct size. | 2002 | FASEB J. | pmid:12087064 |
Lennon AM et al. | MAP kinase cascades are activated in astrocytes and preadipocytes by 15-deoxy-Delta(12-14)-prostaglandin J(2) and the thiazolidinedione ciglitazone through peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma-independent mechanisms involving reactive oxygenated species. | 2002 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:12052825 |
Lappas M et al. | Regulation of proinflammatory cytokines in human gestational tissues by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma: effect of 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) and troglitazone. | 2002 | J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. | pmid:12364456 |
Skolnik PR et al. | Stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma blocks HIV-1 replication and TNFalpha production in acutely infected primary blood cells, chronically infected U1 cells, and alveolar macrophages from HIV-infected subjects. | 2002 | J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. | pmid:12352144 |
Eligini S et al. | 15-deoxy-delta12,14-Prostaglandin J2 inhibits tissue factor expression in human macrophages and endothelial cells: evidence for ERK1/2 signaling pathway blockade. | 2002 | Thromb. Haemost. | pmid:12353085 |
Suzuki K and Uyeda M | Inhibitory properties of antitumor prostaglandins against topoisomerases. | 2002 | Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. | pmid:12353631 |
Campo PA et al. | Translational regulation of cyclin D1 by 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2). | 2002 | Cell Growth Differ. | pmid:12354750 |
Shahbazian A et al. | Differential peristaltic motor effects of prostanoid (DP, EP, IP, TP) and leukotriene receptor agonists in the guinea-pig isolated small intestine. | 2002 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12429577 |
Gebhardt T et al. | Cultured human intestinal mast cells express functional IL-3 receptors and respond to IL-3 by enhancing growth and IgE receptor-dependent mediator release. | 2002 | Eur. J. Immunol. | pmid:12209644 |
Imaizumi T et al. | 15-Deoxy-D12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits CX3CL1/fractalkine expression in human endothelial cells. | 2002 | Immunol. Cell Biol. | pmid:12406386 |
Kim SY et al. | Effects of tanshinone I isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge on arachidonic acid metabolism and in vivo inflammatory responses. | 2002 | Phytother Res | pmid:12410540 |
Jawerbaum A et al. | Modulation of nitric oxide concentration and lipid metabolism by 15-deoxy Delta12,14prostaglandin J2 in embryos from control and diabetic rats during early organogenesis. | 2002 | Reproduction | pmid:12417000 |
Kubata BK et al. | A key role for old yellow enzyme in the metabolism of drugs by Trypanosoma cruzi. | 2002 | J. Exp. Med. | pmid:12417633 |
Nencioni A et al. | Cyclopentenone prostaglandins induce caspase activation and apoptosis in dendritic cells by a PPAR-gamma-independent mechanism: regulation by inflammatory and T cell-derived stimuli. | 2002 | Exp. Hematol. | pmid:12225793 |
Hunt MJ and Tyagi SC | Peroxisome proliferators compete and ameliorate Hcy-mediated endocardial endothelial cell activation. | 2002 | Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. | pmid:12225971 |
Negoro H et al. | Endogenous prostaglandin D2 synthesis reduces an increase in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 following interleukin stimulation in bovine endothelial cells. | 2002 | J. Hypertens. | pmid:12131531 |
Stubbs VE et al. | Indomethacin causes prostaglandin D(2)-like and eotaxin-like selective responses in eosinophils and basophils. | 2002 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:11980903 |
Suzuki-Nishimura T and Uchida MK | Prostaglandin D2 generation by rat peritoneal mast cells stimulated with Datura stramonium agglutinin and its inhibition by haptenic sugar and wheat germ agglutinin. | 2002 | Jpn. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12396030 |
Hashimoto K et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand inhibits cell growth and invasion of human pancreatic cancer cells. | 2002 | Int J Gastrointest Cancer | pmid:12630765 |
Tzanakakis GN et al. | The preventive effect of ketoconazole on experimental metastasis from a human pancreatic carcinoma may be related to its effect on prostaglandin synthesis. | 2002 | Int J Gastrointest Cancer | pmid:12630766 |
Diaz BL et al. | Participation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 in eicosanoid generation by mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2002 | Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. | pmid:12664562 |
Hammarstrom S et al. | Novel eicosanoid activators of PPAR gamma formed by RAW 264.7 macrophage cultures. | 2002 | Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. | pmid:12664608 |
Whigham LD et al. | Decreased antigen-induced eicosanoid release in conjugated linoleic acid-fed guinea pigs. | 2002 | Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. | pmid:11893615 |
Gueck T et al. | Influence of vitamin E on mast cell mediator release. | 2002 | Vet. Dermatol. | pmid:12464062 |
Sawyer N et al. | Molecular pharmacology of the human prostaglandin D2 receptor, CRTH2. | 2002 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12466225 |
Yang X et al. | Hypoxic induction of cox-2 regulates proliferation of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. | 2002 | Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. | pmid:12444028 |
Nikitakis NG et al. | 15-PGJ2, but not thiazolidinediones, inhibits cell growth, induces apoptosis, and causes downregulation of Stat3 in human oral SCCa cells. | 2002 | Br. J. Cancer | pmid:12454768 |
Fahmi H et al. | 15d-PGJ(2) is acting as a 'dual agent' on the regulation of COX-2 expression in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. | 2002 | Osteoarthr. Cartil. | pmid:12435328 |
Vitzthum H et al. | Gene expression of prostanoid forming enzymes along the rat nephron. | 2002 | Kidney Int. | pmid:12371957 |
Higashi N et al. | A comparative study of eicosanoid concentrations in sputum and urine in patients with aspirin-intolerant asthma. | 2002 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:12372129 |
Zhang J et al. | 15-Deoxy-prostaglandin J(2) inhibits PDGF-A and -B chain expression in human vascular endothelial cells independent of PPAR gamma. | 2002 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:12379230 |
Nithipatikom K et al. | Requirement of cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandins for human prostate cancer cell invasion. | 2002 | Clin. Exp. Metastasis | pmid:12498388 |