Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Bishop-Bailey D and Warner TD | PPARgamma ligands induce prostaglandin production in vascular smooth muscle cells: indomethacin acts as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma antagonist. | 2003 | FASEB J. | pmid:12897060 |
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Sugimoto H et al. | An orally bioavailable small molecule antagonist of CRTH2, ramatroban (BAY u3405), inhibits prostaglandin D2-induced eosinophil migration in vitro. | 2003 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:12649388 |
Urade Y and Eguchi N | [Sleep substances]. | 2003 | No To Shinkei | pmid:12649899 |
Smith SA et al. | Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands ciglitazone and 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 on rat cultured cerebellar granule neuronal viability. | 2003 | J. Neurosci. Res. | pmid:12774315 |
Zamuner SR et al. | Cyclooxygenase 2 mediates post-inflammatory colonic secretory and barrier dysfunction. | 2003 | Gut | pmid:14633948 |
Shibata T et al. | An endogenous electrophile that modulates the regulatory mechanism of protein turnover: inhibitory effects of 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 on proteasome. | 2003 | Biochemistry | pmid:14636064 |
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Liu JD et al. | Involvement of c-jun N-terminal kinase activation in 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2-and prostaglandin A1-induced apoptosis in AGS gastric epithelial cells. | 2003 | Mol. Carcinog. | pmid:12720296 |
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Abe M et al. | GATA-6 is involved in PPARgamma-mediated activation of differentiated phenotype in human vascular smooth muscle cells. | 2003 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:12615657 |
Qin C et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists induce proteasome-dependent degradation of cyclin D1 and estrogen receptor alpha in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. | 2003 | Cancer Res. | pmid:12615709 |
Kajekar R et al. | Role of cyclooxygenase activation and prostaglandins in antigen-induced excitability changes of bronchial parasympathetic ganglia neurons. | 2003 | Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. | pmid:12618420 |
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González E et al. | Streptozotocin-pancreatic damage in the rat: modulatory effect of 15-deoxy delta12,14-prostaglandin j(2) on nitridergic and prostanoid pathway. | 2002 | Nitric Oxide | pmid:11890746 |
Monneret G et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandins D2 and J2 are potent activators of human eosinophils. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11907120 |
Hayaishi O and Urade Y | Prostaglandin D2 in sleep-wake regulation: recent progress and perspectives. | 2002 | Neuroscientist | pmid:11843094 |
Harris SG and Phipps RP | Prostaglandin D(2), its metabolite 15-d-PGJ(2), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma agonists induce apoptosis in transformed, but not normal, human T lineage cells. | 2002 | Immunology | pmid:11849312 |
Masamune A et al. | Ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma induce apoptosis in AR42J cells. | 2002 | Pancreas | pmid:11854617 |
Diab A et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11859145 |
Adams IR and McLaren A | Sexually dimorphic development of mouse primordial germ cells: switching from oogenesis to spermatogenesis. | 2002 | Development | pmid:11874911 |
Mellor EA et al. | Cysteinyl leukotrienes and uridine diphosphate induce cytokine generation by human mast cells through an interleukin 4-regulated pathway that is inhibited by leukotriene receptor antagonists. | 2002 | J. Exp. Med. | pmid:11877481 |
Xie S et al. | 15 deoxy delta12,14 PGJ2 induces procoagulant activity in cultured human endothelial cells. | 2002 | Thromb. Haemost. | pmid:11916086 |
Rovin BH et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 regulates mesangial cell proliferation and death. | 2002 | Kidney Int. | pmid:11918736 |
Mondoro TH and Vostal JG | Cold temperatures reduce the sensitivity of stored platelets to disaggregating agents. | 2002 | Platelets | pmid:11918832 |
Noverr MC et al. | Production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes by pathogenic fungi. | 2002 | Infect. Immun. | pmid:11748207 |
Schoppee PD et al. | Putative activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma impairs androgen and enhances progesterone biosynthesis in primary cultures of porcine theca cells. | 2002 | Biol. Reprod. | pmid:11751282 |
Fujitani Y et al. | Pronounced eosinophilic lung inflammation and Th2 cytokine release in human lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase transgenic mice. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11751991 |
Yagami T et al. | Human group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 induces neuronal cell death via apoptosis. | 2002 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:11752212 |
Chen GG et al. | Apoptosis induced by activation of peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-gamma is associated with Bcl-2 and NF-kappaB in human colon cancer. | 2002 | Life Sci. | pmid:12269390 |
Cheuk BL et al. | Cyclooxygenase-2 regulates apoptosis in rat epididymis through prostaglandin D2. | 2002 | Biol. Reprod. | pmid:11804951 |
Hayaishi O | Molecular genetic studies on sleep-wake regulation, with special emphasis on the prostaglandin D(2) system. | 2002 | J. Appl. Physiol. | pmid:11796702 |
Dieter P et al. | Lipopolysaccharide-induced release of arachidonic acid and prostaglandins in liver macrophages: regulation by Group IV cytosolic phospholipase A2, but not by Group V and Group IIA secretory phospholipase A2. | 2002 | Cell. Signal. | pmid:11812647 |
Michimata T et al. | Accumulation of CRTH2-positive T-helper 2 and T-cytotoxic 2 cells at implantation sites of human decidua in a prostaglandin D(2)-mediated manner. | 2002 | Mol. Hum. Reprod. | pmid:11818521 |
Masamune A et al. | Ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma block activation of pancreatic stellate cells. | 2002 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:11606585 |
Chen SY et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 induces apoptosis of a thyroid papillary cancer cell line (CG3 cells) through increasing intracellular iron and oxidative stress. | 2002 | Anticancer Drugs | pmid:12187333 |
Yamamoto S et al. | Agents that elevate cyclic AMP induce receptor phosphorylation primarily at serine 331 in HEK 293 cells overexpressing human thromboxane receptor alpha. | 2002 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:12147288 |
Sakurai S et al. | Retinal capillary pericyte proliferation and c-Fos mRNA induction by prostaglandin D2 through the cAMP response element. | 2002 | Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. | pmid:12147615 |
Saito S et al. | Prostaglandin D2 and reproduction. | 2002 | Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. | pmid:12148545 |
Miyazaki Y et al. | Inhibitory effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands on the expression of IgE heavy chain germline transcripts in the human B cell line DND39. | 2002 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:12150985 |
Fernández-Tomé Mdel C et al. | Phospholipase C inhibitors and prostaglandins differentially regulate phosphatidylcholine synthesis in rat renal papilla. Evidence of compartmental regulation of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase and CDP-choline:1,2-diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase. | 2002 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:12117562 |
Kohyama T et al. | PGD(2) modulates fibroblast-mediated native collagen gel contraction. | 2002 | Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. | pmid:12204901 |
Nencioni A et al. | Dendritic cell immunogenicity is regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:12133943 |
Kudoh I et al. | [Prostanoids and acute lung injury]. | 2002 | Masui | pmid:12134647 |
Meier CA et al. | Regulation of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in THP-1 cells by ligands of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. | 2002 | Cytokine | pmid:12160520 |
Kwak BR et al. | PPARgamma but not PPARalpha ligands are potent repressors of major histocompatibility complex class II induction in atheroma-associated cells. | 2002 | Circ. Res. | pmid:11861426 |
Nosjean O and Boutin JA | Natural ligands of PPARgamma: are prostaglandin J(2) derivatives really playing the part? | 2002 | Cell. Signal. | pmid:11955950 |
Yu Y et al. | Conjugated linoleic acid decreases production of pro-inflammatory products in macrophages: evidence for a PPAR gamma-dependent mechanism. | 2002 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:12020636 |
Quraishi O et al. | Inhibition of inducible prostaglandin E(2) synthase by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) and polyunsaturated fatty acids. | 2002 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:11931852 |
Cao J et al. | In vitro pharmacological characterization of the prostanoid receptor population in the non-pregnant porcine myometrium. | 2002 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12020689 |
Gong P et al. | Activation of the mouse heme oxygenase-1 gene by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) is mediated by the stress response elements and transcription factor Nrf2. | 2002 | Antioxid. Redox Signal. | pmid:12006176 |
Hong JT et al. | Inhibitory effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist on ochratoxin A-induced cytotoxicity and activation of transcription factors in cultured rat embryonic midbrain cells. | 2002 | J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A | pmid:11936221 |
Mujumdar VS et al. | Mechanism of constrictive vascular remodeling by homocysteine: role of PPAR. | 2002 | Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. | pmid:11940516 |
Padilla J et al. | Human B lymphocytes and B lymphomas express PPAR-gamma and are killed by PPAR-gamma agonists. | 2002 | Clin. Immunol. | pmid:11987982 |
Natarajan C and Bright JJ | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists inhibit experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by blocking IL-12 production, IL-12 signaling and Th1 differentiation. | 2002 | Genes Immun. | pmid:11960303 |
Cuzzocrea S et al. | The cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) attenuates the development of acute and chronic inflammation. | 2002 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:11961117 |
Kojima K et al. | Effect of PPARgamma ligands on the viability of gastric epithelial cells. | 2002 | Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. | pmid:11966526 |
Lee B et al. | Prostaglandin D synthase in the prenatal ovine brain and effects of its inhibition with selenium chloride on fetal sleep/wake activity in utero. | 2002 | J. Neurosci. | pmid:12097519 |
Wang YL et al. | Thiazolidinedione activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma can enhance mitochondrial potential and promote cell survival. | 2002 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:12082115 |
Huang WC et al. | Superoxide anion-dependent Raf/MEK/ERK activation by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma agonists 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2), ciglitazone, and GW1929. | 2002 | Exp. Cell Res. | pmid:12083801 |
Kondo M et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2): the endogenous electrophile that induces neuronal apoptosis. | 2002 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:12032289 |
Krishnaswamy G et al. | Regulation of eosinophil-active cytokine production from human cord blood-derived mast cells. | 2002 | J. Interferon Cytokine Res. | pmid:12034046 |
Sawano H et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits IL-1beta-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in mesangial cells. | 2002 | Kidney Int. | pmid:12028436 |
Zander T et al. | Induction of apoptosis in human and rat glioma by agonists of the nuclear receptor PPARgamma. | 2002 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:12065618 |
Yagami T et al. | Group IB secretory phospholipase A2 induces neuronal cell death via apoptosis. | 2002 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:12065654 |
Fujino T et al. | Effects of the prostanoids on the proliferation or hypertrophy of cultured murine aortic smooth muscle cells. | 2002 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12055131 |
Ward C et al. | Prostaglandin D2 and its metabolites induce caspase-dependent granulocyte apoptosis that is mediated via inhibition of I kappa B alpha degradation using a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-independent mechanism. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:12055237 |
Ahn SG et al. | Sox-4 is a positive regulator of Hep3B and HepG2 cells' apoptosis induced by prostaglandin (PG)A(2) and delta(12)-PGJ(2). | 2002 | Exp. Mol. Med. | pmid:12216117 |
Mössner R et al. | Agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma inhibit cell growth in malignant melanoma. | 2002 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:12230498 |
Iwasaki M et al. | Association of a new-type prostaglandin D2 receptor CRTH2 with circulating T helper 2 cells in patients with atopic dermatitis. | 2002 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:12230502 |
Jozkowicz A et al. | Effect of prostaglandin-J(2) on VEGF synthesis depends on the induction of heme oxygenase-1. | 2002 | Antioxid. Redox Signal. | pmid:12230869 |
Haslmayer P et al. | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 induces vascular endothelial growth factor in the hormone-independent prostate cancer cell line PC 3 and the urinary bladder carcinoma cell line 5637. | 2002 | Int. J. Oncol. | pmid:12239635 |
Clay CE et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2-induced apoptosis does not require PPARgamma in breast cancer cells. | 2002 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:12401880 |
Imaizumi T et al. | 15-Deoxy-D12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits CX3CL1/fractalkine expression in human endothelial cells. | 2002 | Immunol. Cell Biol. | pmid:12406386 |
Kim SY et al. | Effects of tanshinone I isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge on arachidonic acid metabolism and in vivo inflammatory responses. | 2002 | Phytother Res | pmid:12410540 |
Jawerbaum A et al. | Modulation of nitric oxide concentration and lipid metabolism by 15-deoxy Delta12,14prostaglandin J2 in embryos from control and diabetic rats during early organogenesis. | 2002 | Reproduction | pmid:12417000 |
Kubata BK et al. | A key role for old yellow enzyme in the metabolism of drugs by Trypanosoma cruzi. | 2002 | J. Exp. Med. | pmid:12417633 |
Nencioni A et al. | Cyclopentenone prostaglandins induce caspase activation and apoptosis in dendritic cells by a PPAR-gamma-independent mechanism: regulation by inflammatory and T cell-derived stimuli. | 2002 | Exp. Hematol. | pmid:12225793 |
Menè P | Prostaglandin D2 : a Cinderella of vascular cell biology? | 2002 | J. Hypertens. | pmid:12131515 |
Hunt MJ and Tyagi SC | Peroxisome proliferators compete and ameliorate Hcy-mediated endocardial endothelial cell activation. | 2002 | Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. | pmid:12225971 |
Negoro H et al. | Endogenous prostaglandin D2 synthesis reduces an increase in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 following interleukin stimulation in bovine endothelial cells. | 2002 | J. Hypertens. | pmid:12131531 |
Stubbs VE et al. | Indomethacin causes prostaglandin D(2)-like and eotaxin-like selective responses in eosinophils and basophils. | 2002 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:11980903 |
Suzuki-Nishimura T and Uchida MK | Prostaglandin D2 generation by rat peritoneal mast cells stimulated with Datura stramonium agglutinin and its inhibition by haptenic sugar and wheat germ agglutinin. | 2002 | Jpn. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12396030 |
Diaz BL et al. | Participation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 in eicosanoid generation by mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2002 | Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. | pmid:12664562 |
Satoh T and Watanabe Y | [Cyclopentenone prostaglandin derivatives as neuroprotective compounds]. | 2002 | Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso | pmid:12486935 |
Larsen P et al. | Calcium-stimulated short-circuit currents in the canine proximal colonic epithelium: effects of DK-PGD2, a metabolite of prostaglandin D2. | 2002 | Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. | pmid:12489928 |
Whigham LD et al. | Decreased antigen-induced eicosanoid release in conjugated linoleic acid-fed guinea pigs. | 2002 | Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. | pmid:11893615 |
Satoh T | [Neurotrophin-like low molecular weight compounds]. | 2002 | Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi | pmid:12491808 |
Gueck T et al. | Influence of vitamin E on mast cell mediator release. | 2002 | Vet. Dermatol. | pmid:12464062 |
Sawyer N et al. | Molecular pharmacology of the human prostaglandin D2 receptor, CRTH2. | 2002 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12466225 |
Yang X et al. | Hypoxic induction of cox-2 regulates proliferation of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. | 2002 | Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. | pmid:12444028 |
Nikitakis NG et al. | 15-PGJ2, but not thiazolidinediones, inhibits cell growth, induces apoptosis, and causes downregulation of Stat3 in human oral SCCa cells. | 2002 | Br. J. Cancer | pmid:12454768 |
Fahmi H et al. | 15d-PGJ(2) is acting as a 'dual agent' on the regulation of COX-2 expression in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. | 2002 | Osteoarthr. Cartil. | pmid:12435328 |
Vitzthum H et al. | Gene expression of prostanoid forming enzymes along the rat nephron. | 2002 | Kidney Int. | pmid:12371957 |
Higashi N et al. | A comparative study of eicosanoid concentrations in sputum and urine in patients with aspirin-intolerant asthma. | 2002 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:12372129 |
Zhang J et al. | 15-Deoxy-prostaglandin J(2) inhibits PDGF-A and -B chain expression in human vascular endothelial cells independent of PPAR gamma. | 2002 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:12379230 |