PGD2
Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
Cross Reference
Introduction
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
What diseases are associated with PGD2?
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Related references are mostly published in these journals:
| Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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Possible diseases from mapped MeSH terms on references
We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
PubChem Associated disorders and diseases
What pathways are associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways
Link to PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and PathwaysWhat cellular locations are associated with PGD2?
Visualization in cellular structure
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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What functions are associated with PGD2?
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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What lipids are associated with PGD2?
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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What genes are associated with PGD2?
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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What common seen animal models are associated with PGD2?
Knock-out
Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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NCBI Entrez Crosslinks
All references with PGD2
Download all related citations| Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Li L et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 induces apoptosis of human hepatic myofibroblasts. A pathway involving oxidative stress independently of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors. | 2001 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:11477100 |
| Ahluwalia P et al. | Nedocromil sodium and levocabastine reduce the symptoms of conjunctival allergen challenge by different mechanisms. | 2001 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:11544467 |
| Reilly TP et al. | A protective role for cyclooxygenase-2 in drug-induced liver injury in mice. | 2001 | Chem. Res. Toxicol. | pmid:11743745 |
| Chang TS et al. | NQ-Y15 inhibits the calcium mobilization by elevation of cyclic AMP in rat platelets. | 2001 | Biol. Pharm. Bull. | pmid:11379764 |
| Fajas L et al. | PPAR gamma: an essential role in metabolic control. | 2001 | Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis | pmid:11383325 |
| Boutaud O et al. | Characterization of the lysyl adducts of prostaglandin H-synthases that are derived from oxygenation of arachidonic acid. | 2001 | Biochemistry | pmid:11389610 |
| Chen NG and Han X | Dual function of troglitazone in ICAM-1 gene expression in human vascular endothelium. | 2001 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:11401521 |
| Lau HY and Chan CL | Modulation of intracellular cyclic AMP in immunologically activated rat peritoneal mast cells by prostaglandin D2. | 2001 | Inflamm. Res. | pmid:11411605 |
| Serhan CN and Devchand PR | Novel antiinflammatory targets for asthma. A role for PPARgamma? | 2001 | Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. | pmid:11415929 |
| Wang AC et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma regulates airway epithelial cell activation. | 2001 | Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. | pmid:11415933 |
| Eto K et al. | Comparative actions of insulin sensitizers on ion channels in vascular smooth muscle. | 2001 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:11438300 |
| Zhang X et al. | Differential regulation of chemokine gene expression by 15-deoxy-delta 12,14 prostaglandin J2. | 2001 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11390455 |
| Bochenek G et al. | [Prostaglandin D2: biosynthesis, biological properties and participation in bronchial asthma]. | 2001 | Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. | pmid:11928572 |
| Kitamura Y et al. | Effects of 15-deoxy-delta(12,14) prostaglandin J(2) and interleukin-4 in Toll-like receptor-4-mutant glial cells. | 2001 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:11164379 |
| Kadekaro M et al. | Central interactions between angiotensin II and PGD(2) in the regulation of vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in dehydrated rats. | 2001 | Brain Res. | pmid:11166690 |
| Szczeklik A et al. | Safety of a specific COX-2 inhibitor in aspirin-induced asthma. | 2001 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:11251623 |
| Nielsen PN et al. | Cetirizine inhibits skin reactions but not mediator release in immediate and developing late-phase allergic cutaneous reactions. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. | 2001 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:11591187 |
| Satoh K et al. | Lipid peroxidation end products-responded induction of a preneoplastic marker enzyme glutathione S-transferase P-form (GST-P) in rat liver on admistration via the portal vein. | 2001 | Mutat. Res. | pmid:11600134 |
| Kitatani K et al. | Ceramide accelerates dephosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 to decrease prostaglandin D(2) production in RBL-2H3 cells. | 2001 | Arch. Biochem. Biophys. | pmid:11697858 |
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| Rossi A et al. | Anti-inflammatory cyclopentenone prostaglandins are direct inhibitors of IkappaB kinase. | 2000 | Nature | pmid:10638762 |
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| Dumont I et al. | Regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by PGD(2) in the developing choroid. | 2000 | Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. | pmid:10644584 |
| Nojima H et al. | Arachidonic acid and prostaglandin D2 cooperatively accelerate desensitization of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel in mouse skeletal muscles. | 2000 | Brain Res. | pmid:10661520 |
| Galli A et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma transcriptional regulation is involved in platelet-derived growth factor-induced proliferation of human hepatic stellate cells. | 2000 | Hepatology | pmid:10613734 |
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| Feng J et al. | Induction of CD36 expression by oxidized LDL and IL-4 by a common signaling pathway dependent on protein kinase C and PPAR-gamma. | 2000 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:10787429 |
| Wächtershäuser A et al. | PPAR-gamma is selectively upregulated in Caco-2 cells by butyrate. | 2000 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:10833422 |
| Macfarlane AJ et al. | Sputum cysteinyl leukotrienes increase 24 hours after allergen inhalation in atopic asthmatics. | 2000 | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | pmid:10806153 |
| Taba Y et al. | Fluid shear stress induces lipocalin-type prostaglandin D(2) synthase expression in vascular endothelial cells. | 2000 | Circ. Res. | pmid:10807869 |
| Sharif NA et al. | Affinities, selectivities, potencies, and intrinsic activities of natural and synthetic prostanoids using endogenous receptors: focus on DP class prostanoids. | 2000 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:10772998 |
| Marvin KW et al. | The 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2)receptor, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is expressed in human gestational tissues and is functionally active in JEG3 choriocarcinoma cells. | 2000 | Placenta | pmid:10833383 |
| Shirahase H et al. | Inhibitory effects of PGD2, PGJ2 and 15-deoxy-delta12,14-PGJ2 on iNOS induction in rat mesenteric artery. | 2000 | Life Sci. | pmid:10834301 |
| Koppal T et al. | Cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) acts as a general inhibitor of inflammatory responses in activated BV-2 microglial cells. | 2000 | Brain Res. | pmid:10837804 |
| Asano T et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma1 (PPARgamma1) expresses in rat mesangial cells and PPARgamma agonists modulate its differentiation. | 2000 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:10838168 |
| Viergutz T et al. | Relationship between different stages of the corpus luteum and the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma protein in bovine large lutein cells. | 2000 | J. Reprod. Fertil. | pmid:10793637 |
| Fennekohl A et al. | Induction by interleukin 6 of G(s)-coupled prostaglandin E(2) receptors in rat hepatocytes mediating a prostaglandin E(2)-dependent inhibition of the hepatocyte's acute phase response. | 2000 | Hepatology | pmid:10796889 |
| Rubin GL et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands inhibit estrogen biosynthesis in human breast adipose tissue: possible implications for breast cancer therapy. | 2000 | Cancer Res. | pmid:10749129 |
| Tsubouchi Y et al. | Inhibition of human lung cancer cell growth by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists through induction of apoptosis. | 2000 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:10753637 |
| Kawamoto Y et al. | Cyclopentenone prostaglandins as potential inducers of phase II detoxification enzymes. 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin j2-induced expression of glutathione S-transferases. | 2000 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:10753940 |
| Lee KH et al. | Stimulatory function of gp49A, a murine Ig-like receptor, in rat basophilic leukemia cells. | 2000 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11046024 |
| Kasai K et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) facilitates thyroglobulin production by cultured human thyrocytes. | 2000 | Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. | pmid:11078701 |
| Dieter P et al. | Functional coupling of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 to discrete prostanoid synthases in liver macrophages. | 2000 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:11027502 |
| Enomoto A et al. | Redundant and segregated functions of granule-associated heparin-binding group II subfamily of secretory phospholipases A2 in the regulation of degranulation and prostaglandin D2 synthesis in mast cells. | 2000 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11034411 |
| Sugiyama H et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are expressed in human cultured mast cells: a possible role of these receptors in negative regulation of mast cell activation. | 2000 | Eur. J. Immunol. | pmid:11093153 |
| Faveeuw C et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activators inhibit interleukin-12 production in murine dendritic cells. | 2000 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:11119715 |
| Padilla J et al. | Peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-gamma agonists and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)(12,14)-PGJ(2) induce apoptosis in normal and malignant B-lineage cells. | 2000 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11120820 |
| Sharif NA et al. | Pharmacology and autoradiography of human DP prostanoid receptors using [(3)H]-BWA868C, a DP receptor-selective antagonist radioligand. | 2000 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:11082108 |
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| Fukushima S et al. | Preparation and evaluation of o/w type emulsions containing antitumor prostaglandin. | 2000 | Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. | pmid:11104898 |
| Honma S et al. | Effects of naturally-occurring acid fog on inflammatory mediators in airway and pulmonary functions in asthmatic patients. | 2000 | Respir Med | pmid:11059945 |
| Bernardo A et al. | Role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) and its natural ligand 15-deoxy-Delta12, 14-prostaglandin J2 in the regulation of microglial functions. | 2000 | Eur. J. Neurosci. | pmid:10947800 |
| Kozak KR et al. | Oxygenation of the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonylglycerol, to glyceryl prostaglandins by cyclooxygenase-2. | 2000 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:10931854 |
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| Clay CE et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)PGJ(2) induces diverse biological responses via PPARgamma activation in cancer cells. | 2000 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:10936413 |
| Mc Clay EF | The effects of Delta(12)-PGJ(2) on malignant cells. | 2000 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:10936416 |
| Yokoyama Y et al. | Synergistic antiproliferative effect of delta 12-prostaglandin J2 (delta 12-PGJ2) and hyperthermia on human esophageal cancer cell lines. | 2000 | Hum. Cell | pmid:10937344 |
| Davis TL and Sharif NA | Pharmacological characterization of [(3)H]-prostaglandin E(2) binding to the cloned human EP(4) prostanoid receptor. | 2000 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:10952683 |
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| Nishio T et al. | Molecular identification of a rat novel organic anion transporter moat1, which transports prostaglandin D(2), leukotriene C(4), and taurocholate. | 2000 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:10973807 |
| Heneka MT et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands reduce neuronal inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and cell death in vivo. | 2000 | J. Neurosci. | pmid:10995830 |
| Uchida K | Induction of glutathione S-transferase by prostaglandins. | 2000 | Mech. Ageing Dev. | pmid:10996013 |
| Miwa Y et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) induces G(1) arrest and differentiation marker expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. | 2000 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:10999955 |
| Jozkowicz A et al. | Ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma increase the generation of vascular endothelial growth factor in vascular smooth muscle cells and in macrophages. | 2000 | Acta Biochim. Pol. | pmid:11996104 |
| Steinbrink K et al. | Induction of dendritic cell maturation and modulation of dendritic cell-induced immune responses by prostaglandins. | 2000 | Arch. Dermatol. Res. | pmid:11000287 |
| Sugimoto Y et al. | Influences of everninomicin, vancomycin and teicoplanin on chemical mediator release from rat peritoneal mast cells. | 2000 | Jpn. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:11001175 |
| Kawahito Y et al. | 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) induces synoviocyte apoptosis and suppresses adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. | 2000 | J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:10903334 |
| Kershenovich A et al. | Angiotensin II does not mediate the pressor response to PGD2 (icv). | 2000 | J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst | pmid:11967813 |
| Gaspar Elsas MI et al. | Murine myeloid progenitor responses to GM-CSF and eosinophil precursor responses to IL-5 represent distinct targets for downmodulation by prostaglandin E(2). | 2000 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:10903977 |
| Karimi K et al. | Stem cell factor and interleukin-4 increase responsiveness of mast cells to substance P. | 2000 | Exp. Hematol. | pmid:10880748 |
| Chattopadhyay N et al. | Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARS) in human astrocytic cells: PPARgamma agonists as inducers of apoptosis. | 2000 | J. Neurosci. Res. | pmid:10861801 |
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| Abdelaziz MM et al. | The potential of active metabolites of antihistamines in the management of allergic disease. | 2000 | Allergy | pmid:10843422 |
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| Yoshida Y et al. | Prostaglandin E (EP) receptor subtypes and sleep: promotion by EP4 and inhibition by EP1/EP2. | 2000 | Neuroreport | pmid:10923657 |
| Marra F et al. | Ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma modulate profibrogenic and proinflammatory actions in hepatic stellate cells. | 2000 | Gastroenterology | pmid:10930382 |
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| Castrillo A et al. | Inhibition of IkappaB kinase and IkappaB phosphorylation by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) in activated murine macrophages. | 2000 | Mol. Cell. Biol. | pmid:10669746 |
| Butler R et al. | Nonapoptotic cell death associated with S-phase arrest of prostate cancer cells via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand, 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2000 | Cell Growth Differ. | pmid:10672903 |
| Liu JH | Circadian variations of prostaglandins in the rabbit aqueous humor. | 2000 | J Ocul Pharmacol Ther | pmid:10673131 |
| Kowalski ML et al. | Differential metabolism of arachidonic acid in nasal polyp epithelial cells cultured from aspirin-sensitive and aspirin-tolerant patients. | 2000 | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | pmid:10673176 |
| Yamashita M et al. | Inhibition by troglitazone of the antigen-induced production of leukotrienes in immunoglobulin E-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. | 2000 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:10694244 |
| Reich EE et al. | Formation of novel D-ring and E-ring isoprostane-like compounds (D4/E4-neuroprostanes) in vivo from docosahexaenoic acid. | 2000 | Biochemistry | pmid:10694406 |
| Åazarewicz JW et al. | NMDA receptors and nitric oxide regulate prostaglandin D2 synthesis in the rabbit hippocampus in vivo. | 2000 | Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) | pmid:11200170 |
| Zuckerman SH et al. | The effect of gamma-interferon to inhibit macrophage-high density lipoprotein interactions is reversed by 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2000 | Lipids | pmid:11132183 |
| Wright DH et al. | The human prostanoid DP receptor stimulates mucin secretion in LS174T cells. | 2000 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:11139429 |
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| Kitatani K et al. | Role of phospholipase D-derived phosphatidic acid as a substrate for phospholipase A2 in RBL-2H3 cells. | 2000 | Biol. Pharm. Bull. | pmid:11145171 |
| Hamel L et al. | Induction of heat shock protein 70 by herbimycin A and cyclopentenone prostaglandins in smooth muscle cells. | 2000 | Cell Stress Chaperones | pmid:11147963 |