Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
---|
We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
---|
Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
---|
Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
---|
Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
---|
Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
---|
Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
---|---|---|---|---|
Haslmayer P et al. | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 induces vascular endothelial growth factor in the hormone-independent prostate cancer cell line PC 3 and the urinary bladder carcinoma cell line 5637. | 2002 | Int. J. Oncol. | pmid:12239635 |
Hayashi N et al. | Antitumor effects of peroxisome proliferator activate receptor gamma ligands on anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. | 2004 | Int. J. Oncol. | pmid:14654945 |
Matsuzaki Y et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta12, 14-prostaglandin J2 activates the expression of p15INK4b gene, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. | 2005 | Int. J. Oncol. | pmid:16010433 |
Morosetti R et al. | The PPARgamma ligands PGJ2 and rosiglitazone show a differential ability to inhibit proliferation and to induce apoptosis and differentiation of human glioblastoma cell lines. | 2004 | Int. J. Oncol. | pmid:15254749 |
Shim J et al. | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands, pioglitazone and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2), have antineoplastic effects against hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma cells. | 2010 | Int. J. Oncol. | pmid:19956851 |
Cekanova M et al. | Gene alterations by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists in human colorectal cancer cells. | 2008 | Int. J. Oncol. | pmid:18360708 |
Takashima T et al. | PPAR-gamma ligands inhibit growth of human esophageal adenocarcinoma cells through induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and reduction of ornithine decarboxylase activity. | 2001 | Int. J. Oncol. | pmid:11494023 |
Tsujimoto S et al. | Nimesulide, a cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor, suppresses obesity-related non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatic insulin resistance through the regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. | 2016 | Int. J. Mol. Med. | pmid:27431935 |
Li H and Narahara H | 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) induces growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human endometrial cancer cell lines. | 2013 | Int. J. Mol. Med. | pmid:23403520 |
Joos H et al. | Single impact trauma in human early-stage osteoarthritic cartilage: implication of prostaglandin D2 but no additive effect of IL-1β on cell survival. | 2011 | Int. J. Mol. Med. | pmid:21567074 |
Kase K et al. | Inhibitory action of roxithromycin on histamine release and prostaglandin D2 production from beta-defensin 2-stimulated mast cells. | 2009 | Int. J. Mol. Med. | pmid:19212651 |
Jung WK et al. | The 15-deoxy-δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits LPS‑stimulated inflammation via enhancement of the platelet‑activating factor acetylhydrolase activity in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. | 2014 | Int. J. Mol. Med. | pmid:24337644 |
Yoshimura R et al. | The effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand on urological cancer cells. | 2003 | Int. J. Mol. Med. | pmid:14612958 |
Okano H et al. | The PPARgamma ligand, 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-PGJ2, regulates apoptosis-related protein expression in cholangio cell carcinoma cells. | 2003 | Int. J. Mol. Med. | pmid:14612959 |
Hogrefe C et al. | Single impact cartilage trauma and TNF-α: interactive effects do not increase early cell death and indicate the need for bi-/multidirectional therapeutic approaches. | 2012 | Int. J. Mol. Med. | pmid:22922824 |
Franzese O et al. | Functional antagonism between IL-2 and PGA1 or PGJ2 in the control of proliferation of human cord blood-derived mononuclear cells. | 1996 | Int. J. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:9089005 |
Ikai K and Imamura S | Prostaglandin D2 in the skin. | 1988 | Int. J. Dermatol. | pmid:3286543 |
Shah S et al. | Efficacy and safety of extended-release niacin/laropiprant plus statin vs. doubling the dose of statin in patients with primary hypercholesterolaemia or mixed dyslipidaemia. | 2010 | Int. J. Clin. Pract. | pmid:20518948 |
Radziszewski W et al. | Nitric oxide donors induce extrusion of cyclic GMP from isolated human blood platelets by a mechanism which may be modulated by prostaglandins. | 1995 | Int. J. Cardiol. | pmid:8586470 |
Koyani CN et al. | 15-deoxy-Δ¹²,¹â´-PGJâ‚‚ promotes inflammation and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes via the DP2/MAPK/TNFα axis. | 2014 | Int. J. Cardiol. | pmid:24698234 |
Fukuoka T et al. | Prostaglandin D synthase is a potential novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of gastric carcinomas expressing PPARγ. | 2015 | Int. J. Cancer | pmid:25516376 |
Higashida H et al. | Cytotoxic action of prostaglandin D2 on mouse neuroblastoma cells. | 1983 | Int. J. Cancer | pmid:6574994 |
Winnett G et al. | Prostaglandin J2 metabolites inhibit aromatase activity by redox-sensitive mechanisms: potential implications for breast cancer therapy. | 2003 | Int. J. Cancer | pmid:12494466 |
Badawi AF and Badr MZ | Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and levels of prostaglandin E2 and 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in human breast cancer and metastasis. | 2003 | Int. J. Cancer | pmid:12455057 |
D'Onofrio C et al. | Comparative anti-viral and anti-proliferative activity of PGA1 and PGJ2 against HTLV-I-infected MT-2 cells. | 1992 | Int. J. Cancer | pmid:1592539 |
Castellani ML et al. | Rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-2H3) generate prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) after regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) activation. | 2006 Oct-Dec | Int. J. Biol. Markers | pmid:17177158 |
Chou YH et al. | The possible role of heat shock factor-1 in the negative regulation of heme oxygenase-1. | 2005 | Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. | pmid:15618017 |
Yu JH et al. | SOCS 3 and PPAR-gamma ligands inhibit the expression of IL-6 and TGF-beta1 by regulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling in pancreas. | 2008 | Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. | pmid:18035585 |
Baudouin-Legros M et al. | Long-term CFTR inhibition modulates 15d-prostaglandin J2 in human pulmonary cells. | 2012 | Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. | pmid:22481026 |
Kristensen DM et al. | Paracetamol (acetaminophen), aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) and indomethacin are anti-androgenic in the rat foetal testis. | 2012 | Int. J. Androl. | pmid:22612476 |
Wang XS et al. | Functional characterization of human mast cells cultured from adult peripheral blood. | 2006 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:16546715 |
Zhang M et al. | Curcumin inhibits trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis in rats by activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. | 2006 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:16782535 |
El-Shazly AE et al. | IFN-γ and TNF-α potentiate prostaglandin D2-induced human eosinophil chemotaxis through up-regulation of CRTH2 surface receptor. | 2011 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:21835268 |
Kumar S et al. | Phaseolin: a 47.5kDa protein of red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plays a pivotal role in hypersensitivity induction. | 2014 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:24468678 |
Motilva V et al. | COX expression and PGE(2) and PGD(2) production in experimental acute and chronic gastric lesions. | 2005 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:15652766 |
Napimoga MH et al. | Low doses of 15d-PGJ2 induce osteoblast activity in a PPAR-gamma independent manner. | 2013 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:23597428 |
Villegas I et al. | A new flavonoid derivative, dosmalfate, attenuates the development of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in mice. | 2003 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:14636824 |
El-Shazly AE et al. | Tyrosine kinase inhibition is an important factor for gene expression of CRTH2 in human eosinophils and lymphocytes: A novel mechanism for explaining eosinophils recruitment by the neuro-immune axis in allergic rhinitis. | 2017 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:28222358 |
Kanunfre CC et al. | Ciglitizone and 15d PGJ2 induce apoptosis in Jurkat and Raji cells. | 2004 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:15251113 |
Wu P et al. | Inflammation pro-resolving potential of 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone through 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in murine macrophages. | 2007 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:17761349 |
Azuma Y et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 is a negative regulator of macrophage functions. | 2001 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:11710539 |
Boehme SA et al. | Murine bone marrow-derived mast cells express chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T-helper class 2 cells (CRTh2). | 2009 | Int. Immunol. | pmid:19346259 |
Boehme SA et al. | A small molecule CRTH2 antagonist inhibits FITC-induced allergic cutaneous inflammation. | 2009 | Int. Immunol. | pmid:19066314 |
Boehme SA et al. | Antagonism of CRTH2 ameliorates chronic epicutaneous sensitization-induced inflammation by multiple mechanisms. | 2009 | Int. Immunol. | pmid:19066315 |
Takeshita K et al. | CRTH2 is a prominent effector in contact hypersensitivity-induced neutrophil inflammation. | 2004 | Int. Immunol. | pmid:15173122 |
Georgitis JW et al. | Chronic sinusitis: characterization of cellular influx and inflammatory mediators in sinus lavage fluid. | 1995 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:7719157 |
Genovese A et al. | Protein Fv produced during viral hepatitis is an endogenous immunoglobulin superantigen activating human heart mast cells. | 2003 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:14707465 |
al-Laith M and Pearce FL | On the mechanism of action of sodium orthovanadate in inducing histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. | 1993 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:7689004 |
Genovese A et al. | Role of mast cells, basophils and their mediators in adverse reactions to general anesthetics and radiocontrast media. | 1996 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:8645973 |
Itabashi S et al. | Late asthmatic response causes peripheral airway hyperresponsiveness in dogs treated with metopirone. | 1993 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:8508057 |
Patella V et al. | Oxatomide inhibits the release of proinflammatory mediators from human basophils and mast cells. | 1996 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:8753840 |
Abraha D et al. | (S,S)-formoterol increases the production of IL-4 in mast cells and the airways of a murine asthma model. | 2004 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:15031612 |
Okayama Y and Church MK | Comparison of the modulatory effect of ketotifen, sodium cromoglycate, procaterol and salbutamol in human skin, lung and tonsil mast cells. | 1992 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:1375203 |
Yamamoto M et al. | Expression and characterization of PGD2 receptors in chronic rhinosinusitis: modulation of DP and CRTH2 by PGD2. | 2009 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:18802357 |
Ueki S et al. | Anti- and proinflammatory effects of 15-deoxy-delta-prostaglandin J2(15d-PGJ2) on human eosinophil functions. | 2007 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:17541271 |
Chiba T et al. | Possible novel receptor for PGD2 on human bronchial epithelial cells. | 2007 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:17541272 |
Butterfield JH and Weiler CR | Prevention of mast cell activation disorder-associated clinical sequelae of excessive prostaglandin D(2) production. | 2008 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:18622141 |
Hartmann K et al. | Effect of CC chemokines on mediator release from human skin mast cells and basophils. | 1995 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:7580286 |
Yamamura K et al. | Intracellular protein phosphorylation in eosinophils and the functional relevance in cytokine production. | 2009 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:19494504 |
Chiba T et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 induces IL-8 and GM-CSF in a human airway epithelial cell line (NCI-H292). | 2009 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:19494510 |
Imaizumi T et al. | 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 inhibits IFN-gamma-induced galectin-9 expression in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. | 2003 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:12759491 |
Tudorić N et al. | Phosphoramidon augments contraction of guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle induced by histamine and leukotriene-D4. | 1994 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:8111247 |
Chiba T et al. | Prostaglandin D2 induces IL-8 and GM-CSF by bronchial epithelial cells in a CRTH2-independent pathway. | 2006 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:16940740 |
Shefler I et al. | Inhibition of basic secretagogue-induced signaling in mast cells by cell permeable G alpha i-derived peptides. | 2008 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:17848806 |
Takahashi G et al. | The potential role of prostaglandin D2 in nasal congestion observed in a guinea pig model of allergic rhinitis. | 2012 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:22472859 |
Marone G et al. | Human heart mast cells in anaphylaxis and cardiovascular disease. | 1995 May-Jun | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:7542106 |
Georgitis JW et al. | Nasal inflammatory mediator release in ragweed allergic rhinitis: correlation with cellular influx into nasal secretions. | 1991 | Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. | pmid:1666629 |
Petrini B et al. | Modulation of lymphocyte and monocyte responses in vitro by 9-deoxy-delta 9-prostaglandin D2 and 9-deoxy-delta 9-delta 12-prostaglandin D2. | 1988 | Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. | pmid:3229858 |
Pearce FL et al. | Some studies on human pulmonary mast cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage and by enzymic dissociation of whole lung tissue. | 1987 | Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. | pmid:2437052 |
Lewis RA et al. | Pharmacologic regulation of mediator generation and release from the murine bone marrow derived mast cell. | 1985 | Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. | pmid:2409010 |
Norman PS et al. | Mediator release after allergic and physical nasal challenges. | 1985 | Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. | pmid:2409027 |
Triggiani M et al. | Inhibition of histamine and prostaglandin D2 release from human lung mast cells by ciclosporin A. | 1989 | Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. | pmid:2468619 |
Charlesworth EN et al. | Cells and secretagogues involved in the human late-phase response. | 1989 | Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. | pmid:2468620 |
Church MK et al. | Interaction of neuropeptides with human mast cells. | 1989 | Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. | pmid:2468622 |
Levi-Schaffer F and Shalit M | Differential release of histamine and prostaglandin D2 in rat peritoneal mast cells activated with peptides. | 1989 | Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. | pmid:2482257 |
Ennis M et al. | Action of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and prostaglandins D2 and E1 on histamine release from rat and guinea pig mast cells. | 1983 | Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. | pmid:6196300 |
Holgate ST et al. | Primary and secondary effector cells in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. | 1987 | Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. | pmid:3553030 |
Virtue S et al. | Prostaglandin profiling reveals a role for haematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase in adipose tissue macrophage polarisation in mice and humans. | 2015 | Int J Obes (Lond) | pmid:25801691 |
Abbasi S et al. | Elimination of the biphasic pharmacodynamics of 15d-PGJ2 by controlling its release from a nanoemulsion. | 2016 | Int J Nanomedicine | pmid:27354798 |
Oh YC et al. | Anti-allergic activity of a platycodon root ethanol extract. | 2010 | Int J Mol Sci | pmid:20717534 |
Fujita M et al. | Cytotoxicity of 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) through PPARγ-independent pathway and the involvement of the JNK and Akt pathway in renal cell carcinoma. | 2012 | Int J Med Sci | pmid:22991494 |
Kalogeromitros D et al. | A quercetin containing supplement reduces niacin-induced flush in humans. | 2008 Jul-Sep | Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol | pmid:18831918 |
Hashimoto K et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand inhibits cell growth and invasion of human pancreatic cancer cells. | 2002 | Int J Gastrointest Cancer | pmid:12630765 |
Tzanakakis GN et al. | The preventive effect of ketoconazole on experimental metastasis from a human pancreatic carcinoma may be related to its effect on prostaglandin synthesis. | 2002 | Int J Gastrointest Cancer | pmid:12630766 |
Büyükgüzel K et al. | Prostaglandin biosynthesis by midgut tissue isolated from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. | 2002 | Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. | pmid:11886778 |
Tunaz H et al. | Prostaglandin biosynthesis by fat body from true armyworms, Pseudaletia unipuncta. | 2001 | Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. | pmid:11222953 |
Kaplan J et al. | Pioglitazone reduces inflammation through inhibition of NF-κB in polymicrobial sepsis. | 2014 | Innate Immun | pmid:24029145 |
Mor A et al. | Inhibitory effect of farnesylthiosalicylic acid on mediators release by mast cells: preferential inhibition of prostaglandin D(2) and tumor necrosis factor-α release. | 2011 | Inflammation | pmid:20706780 |
Fernandez-Bustamante A et al. | Early increase in alveolar macrophage prostaglandin 15d-PGJ2 precedes neutrophil recruitment into lungs of cytokine-insufflated rats. | 2013 | Inflammation | pmid:23616184 |
Johansson S et al. | CC16 inhibits the migration of eosinophils towards the formyl peptide fMLF but not towards PGD2. | 2009 | Inflammation | pmid:19132521 |
Petersen LJ and Skov PS | The effect of salmeterol and salbutamol on mediator release and skin responses in immediate and late phase allergic cutaneous reactions. | 1999 | Inflamm. Res. | pmid:10563469 |
Ayoub SS et al. | Cyclooxygenase expression and prostaglandin levels in central nervous system tissues during the course of chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). | 2011 | Inflamm. Res. | pmid:21667309 |
Lau HY and Chan CL | Modulation of intracellular cyclic AMP in immunologically activated rat peritoneal mast cells by prostaglandin D2. | 2001 | Inflamm. Res. | pmid:11411605 |
Chan CL and Lau HY | Effects of prostanoid receptor agonists on immunologically-activated rat peritoneal mast cells. | 1998 | Inflamm. Res. | pmid:9561397 |
Lau HY and Stenton GR | Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase-2 specific inhibitors on mediator release from rat peritoneal mast cells. | 1998 | Inflamm. Res. | pmid:9561398 |
Yuan ZB et al. | Temporal expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in peritoneal macrophages of rats and effects of panax notoginseng saponins. | 2009 | Inflamm. Res. | pmid:19184357 |
Whelan CJ | Evidence that 13-14 di-hydro, 15-keto prostaglandin D(2)-induced airway eosinophilia in guinea-pigs is independent of interleukin-5. | 2009 | Inflamm. Res. | pmid:19184361 |
MartÃn AR et al. | The COX-2 inhibitor, rofecoxib, ameliorates dextran sulphate sodium induced colitis in mice. | 2005 | Inflamm. Res. | pmid:15883736 |
Chan CL and Lau HY | Prostanoid DP receptor activation inhibits anti-IgE induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. | 1999 | Inflamm. Res. | pmid:10350148 |
Sánchez-Gómez FJ et al. | Modulation of GSTP1-1 oligomerization by electrophilic inflammatory mediators and reactive drugs. | 2013 | Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets | pmid:23596995 |