Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Bingham CO et al. | A heparin-sensitive phospholipase A2 and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2 are functionally linked in the delayed phase of prostaglandin D2 generation in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 1996 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:8824228 |
Chung HS et al. | Heat contact urticaria--a case report. | 1996 | Yonsei Med. J. | pmid:8826790 |
Conti C et al. | Inhibition of poliovirus replication by prostaglandins A and J in human cells. | 1996 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:8834882 |
Woodiel FN et al. | Anabolic effects of prostaglandins in cultured fetal rat calvariae: structure-activity relations and signal transduction pathway. | 1996 | J. Bone Miner. Res. | pmid:8864899 |
Knol EF et al. | The role of basophils in allergic disease. | 1996 | Eur Respir J Suppl | pmid:8871057 |
Kim HS et al. | Intracellular glutathione level modulates the induction of apoptosis by delta 12-prostaglandin J2. | 1996 | Prostaglandins | pmid:8873236 |
Naclerio RM et al. | Origin of late phase histamine release. | 1996 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:8876545 |
de Graaf-in t Veld C et al. | Relationship between nasal hyperreactivity, mediators and eosinophils in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis and controls. | 1996 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:8877155 |
Lydford SJ et al. | Interaction of BW A868C, a prostanoid DP-receptor antagonist, with two receptor subtypes in the rabbit isolated saphenous vein. | 1996 | Prostaglandins | pmid:8880898 |
Ishimoto T et al. | Importance of the phospholipase D-initiated sequential pathway for arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin D2 generation by rat peritoneal mast cells. | 1996 | J. Biochem. | pmid:8902628 |
Hayaishi O | Tryptophan, oxygenase, and sleep. | 1996 | Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. | pmid:8906236 |
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Higashiyama K et al. | Induction of c-fos protooncogene transcription and apoptosis by delta 12-prostaglandin J2 in human Pl-21 myeloid leukemia and RC-K8 pre-B lymphoma cells. | 1996 | Prostaglandins | pmid:8908616 |
Vedin I et al. | Stimulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha release from lipopolysaccharide-activated human blood monocytes by prostaglandin J2 and metabolites of prostaglandin J2. | 1996 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:8931117 |
Santos J et al. | Regulation of intestinal mast cells and luminal protein release by cerebral thyrotropin-releasing hormone in rats. | 1996 | Gastroenterology | pmid:8942724 |
Ashraf MM et al. | Type II phospholipase A2 is linked to cyclooxygenase-2-mediated delayed prostaglandin D2 generation by cultured mouse mast cells following FcepsilonRI- and cytokine-dependent activation. | 1996 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:8954964 |
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Campbell A et al. | Overview of allergic mechanisms. Ebastine has more than an antihistamine effect. | 1996 | Drugs | pmid:8983912 |
Takahata R et al. | Seasonal variation in levels of prostaglandins D2, E2 and F2(alpha) in the brain of a mammalian hibernator, the Asian chipmunk. | 1996 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:8992498 |
Fiebich BL et al. | Prostaglandin E2 induces interleukin-6 synthesis in human astrocytoma cells. | 1997 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:9003059 |
Ashraf M et al. | Cross-linking of the high-affinity IgE receptor induces the expression of cyclo-oxygenase 2 and attendant prostaglandin generation requiring interleukin 10 and interleukin 1 beta in mouse cultured mast cells. | 1996 | Biochem. J. | pmid:9003387 |
Reddy ST and Herschman HR | Prostaglandin synthase-1 and prostaglandin synthase-2 are coupled to distinct phospholipases for the generation of prostaglandin D2 in activated mast cells. | 1997 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:9013559 |
Matsumoto H et al. | Concordant induction of prostaglandin E2 synthase with cyclooxygenase-2 leads to preferred production of prostaglandin E2 over thromboxane and prostaglandin D2 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages. | 1997 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:9020023 |
Liao CH et al. | Antiplatelet effect of demethyldiisoeugenol. | 1996 | Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. | pmid:9022830 |
Hutchinson SM et al. | Effects of eicosanoids on parameters in isolated rat hepatocytes and isolated rat hepatocyte couplets: protective effects of eicosanoid receptor antagonists. | 1997 | J Lipid Mediat Cell Signal | pmid:9041475 |
Nasushita R et al. | A comparative study of adrenocorticotropin-releasing activity of prostaglandins E1, E2, F2 alpha and D2 in the rat. | 1997 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:9051727 |
Ito H et al. | Prostaglandins stimulate the stress-induced synthesis of hsp27 and alpha B crystallin. | 1997 | J. Cell. Physiol. | pmid:9066782 |
Bogaards JJ et al. | Stereoselective conjugation of prostaglandin A2 and prostaglandin J2 with glutathione, catalyzed by the human glutathione S-transferases A1-1, A2-2, M1a-1a, and P1-1. | 1997 | Chem. Res. Toxicol. | pmid:9084911 |
Abran D et al. | Regulation of prostanoid vasomotor effects and receptors in choroidal vessels of newborn pigs. | 1997 | Am. J. Physiol. | pmid:9087666 |
Franzese O et al. | Functional antagonism between IL-2 and PGA1 or PGJ2 in the control of proliferation of human cord blood-derived mononuclear cells. | 1996 | Int. J. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:9089005 |
Kanamori Y et al. | Migration of neutrophils from blood to tissue: alteration of modulatory effects of prostanoid on superoxide generation in rabbits and humans. | 1997 | Life Sci. | pmid:9096262 |
Ram A et al. | CSF levels of prostaglandins, especially the level of prostaglandin D2, are correlated with increasing propensity towards sleep in rats. | 1997 | Brain Res. | pmid:9098570 |
Taber DF et al. | A nomenclature system for the isoprostanes. | 1997 | Prostaglandins | pmid:9112285 |
Minami T et al. | Absence of prostaglandin E2-induced hyperalgesia in NMDA receptor epsilon subunit knockout mice. | 1997 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:9113374 |
AL-Hader AA et al. | Novel expression of functional luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptors in cultured glial cells from neonatal rat brains. | 1997 | Biol. Reprod. | pmid:9116153 |
Teixeira MM et al. | Characterization of the prostanoid receptors mediating inhibition of PAF-induced aggregation of guinea-pig eosinophils. | 1997 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:9146890 |
Reddy ST et al. | Analysis of the secretory phospholipase A2 that mediates prostaglandin production in mast cells. | 1997 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:9153207 |
Jović N et al. | Do prostaglandins E2, F2 alpha and D2 have a role in the development of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia? | 1996 May-Jun | Vojnosanit Pregl | pmid:9174396 |
Genovese A et al. | Loratadine and desethoxylcarbonyl-loratadine inhibit the immunological release of mediators from human Fc epsilon RI+ cells. | 1997 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:9179431 |
Harbige LS et al. | Cytokine secretion by human T cell clones is differentially regulated by eicosanoids. | 1997 | Biochem. Soc. Trans. | pmid:9191392 |
Murakami M et al. | Cyclooxygenase-2-dependent delayed prostaglandin D2 generation is initiated by nerve growth factor in rat peritoneal mast cells: its augmentation by extracellular type II secretory phospholipase A2. | 1997 | J. Immunol. | pmid:9200484 |
ElAttar TM and Virji AS | Inhibition of growth in oral squamous carcinoma cells by cyclopentenone prostaglandins: comparison with chemotherapeutic agents. | 1997 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:9223658 |
Sampson SE et al. | Effect of inhaled prostaglandin D2 in normal and atopic subjects, and of pretreatment with leukotriene D4. | 1997 | Thorax | pmid:9227716 |
Werman A et al. | Ligand-independent activation domain in the N terminus of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). Differential activity of PPARgamma1 and -2 isoforms and influence of insulin. | 1997 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:9242701 |
Blom HM et al. | Intranasal capsaicin is efficacious in non-allergic, non-infectious perennial rhinitis. A placebo-controlled study. | 1997 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:9249272 |
Murakami M et al. | Detection of secretory phospholipase A2s related but not identical to type IIA isozyme in cultured mast cells. | 1997 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:9280291 |
Kiriyama M et al. | Ligand binding specificities of the eight types and subtypes of the mouse prostanoid receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. | 1997 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:9313928 |
Kanaoka Y et al. | Cloning and crystal structure of hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase. | 1997 | Cell | pmid:9323136 |
Mahmud I et al. | Prostaglandin D synthase in human megakaryoblastic cells. | 1997 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:9353279 |
Howarth PH | Mediators of nasal blockage in allergic rhinitis. | 1997 | Allergy | pmid:9353555 |
Tsuri T et al. | Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane and 6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane derivatives: orally active, potent, and selective prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonists. | 1997 | J. Med. Chem. | pmid:9357516 |
Liakos P et al. | ANG II AT1 and AT2 receptors both inhibit bFGF-induced proliferation of bovine adrenocortical cells. | 1997 | Am. J. Physiol. | pmid:9357777 |
Minami T et al. | Inhibition of nociceptin-induced allodynia in conscious mice by prostaglandin D2. | 1997 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:9375954 |
Li Y et al. | Differential effects of various eicosanoids on the production or prevention of arrhythmias in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. | 1997 | Prostaglandins | pmid:9380795 |
Fournier T et al. | Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inversely regulates prostaglandin D2 and prostaglandin E2 production in murine macrophages. Synergistic action of cyclic AMP on cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 synthesis. | 1997 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:9388257 |
Wettstein M and Häussinger D | Cytoprotection by the osmolytes betaine and taurine in ischemia-reoxygenation injury in the perfused rat liver. | 1997 | Hepatology | pmid:9397998 |
Adams M et al. | Activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma have depot-specific effects on human preadipocyte differentiation. | 1997 | J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:9399962 |
Ricote M et al. | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma is a negative regulator of macrophage activation. | 1998 | Nature | pmid:9422508 |
Jiang C et al. | PPAR-gamma agonists inhibit production of monocyte inflammatory cytokines. | 1998 | Nature | pmid:9422509 |
McGowan SE et al. | Peroxisome proliferators alter lipid acquisition and elastin gene expression in neonatal rat lung fibroblasts. | 1997 | Am. J. Physiol. | pmid:9435581 |
Reginato MJ et al. | Prostaglandins promote and block adipogenesis through opposing effects on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. | 1998 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:9442016 |
Tan W et al. | Modulation of nicotinic AChR channels by prostaglandin E2 in chick sympathetic ganglion neurons. | 1998 | J. Neurophysiol. | pmid:9463448 |
Nagoshi H et al. | Prostaglandin D2 inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. | 1998 | Circ. Res. | pmid:9468191 |
Horak F et al. | Effect of continuous allergen challenge on clinical symptoms and mediator release in dust-mite-allergic patients. | 1998 | Allergy | pmid:9491231 |
el Attar TM and Virji AS | Effects of indomethacin, cisplatin and delta 12-prostaglandin J2 on growth of oral squamous carcinoma cells. | 1997 Nov-Dec | Anticancer Res. | pmid:9494540 |
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Hayaishi O | [Prostaglandins and sleep]. | 1998 | Nippon Rinsho | pmid:9503823 |
Urade Y | [Gene engineering studies on sleep]. | 1998 | Nippon Rinsho | pmid:9503856 |
Kimura K et al. | Modulation of platelet activating factor-induced glycogenolysis in the perfused rat liver after administration of endotoxin in vivo. | 1998 | J. Biochem. | pmid:9504421 |
Giardiello FM et al. | Prostaglandin levels in human colorectal mucosa: effects of sulindac in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. | 1998 | Dig. Dis. Sci. | pmid:9512123 |
Ward PE et al. | Niacin skin flush in schizophrenia: a preliminary report. | 1998 | Schizophr. Res. | pmid:9516668 |
Mezei Z et al. | Platelet eicosanoids and the effect of captopril in blood pressure regulation. | 1997 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:9527508 |
Rossi AG et al. | Regulation of macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by cAMP. | 1998 | J. Immunol. | pmid:9531319 |
Boie Y et al. | Molecular cloning and characterization of the four rat prostaglandin E2 prostanoid receptor subtypes. | 1997 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:9537820 |
Liao CH et al. | Effect of PP1D-1, a synthetic antiplatelet compound, on rabbit platelets. | 1998 | Jpn. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:9541276 |
Austin S et al. | Induction of the nuclear orphan receptor RORgamma during adipocyte differentiation of D1 and 3T3-L1 cells. | 1998 | Cell Growth Differ. | pmid:9543393 |
Fukushima S et al. | [Pharmaceutical and pharmacological development of antitumor prostaglandins]. | 1998 | Nippon Rinsho | pmid:9549353 |
Akarsu ES et al. | Inhibition of pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in rats by prostaglandin D2. | 1998 | Epilepsy Res. | pmid:9551845 |
Daculsi R et al. | Effect of PGE2 on the cell surface molecule expression in PMA treated thymocytes. | 1998 | Immunol. Lett. | pmid:9557948 |
Chan CL and Lau HY | Effects of prostanoid receptor agonists on immunologically-activated rat peritoneal mast cells. | 1998 | Inflamm. Res. | pmid:9561397 |
Lau HY and Stenton GR | Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase-2 specific inhibitors on mediator release from rat peritoneal mast cells. | 1998 | Inflamm. Res. | pmid:9561398 |
Yang VW et al. | Size-dependent increase in prostanoid levels in adenomas of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. | 1998 | Cancer Res. | pmid:9563494 |
Mooney JJ et al. | Signal transduction by platelet adenylate cyclase: alterations in depressed patients may reflect impairment in the coordinated integration of cellular signals (coincidence detection). | 1998 | Biol. Psychiatry | pmid:9564442 |
Souza SC et al. | BRL 49653 blocks the lipolytic actions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: a potential new insulin-sensitizing mechanism for thiazolidinediones. | 1998 | Diabetes | pmid:9568706 |
Nagy L et al. | Oxidized LDL regulates macrophage gene expression through ligand activation of PPARgamma. | 1998 | Cell | pmid:9568715 |
Tontonoz P et al. | PPARgamma promotes monocyte/macrophage differentiation and uptake of oxidized LDL. | 1998 | Cell | pmid:9568716 |
Morrow JD et al. | Comparison of formation of D2/E2-isoprostanes and F2-isoprostanes in vitro and in vivo--effects of oxygen tension and glutathione. | 1998 | Arch. Biochem. Biophys. | pmid:9578611 |
Wright DH et al. | Characterization of the recombinant human prostanoid DP receptor and identification of L-644,698, a novel selective DP agonist. | 1998 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:9579725 |
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Kalgutkar AS et al. | Aspirin-like molecules that covalently inactivate cyclooxygenase-2. | 1998 | Science | pmid:9596581 |
Tsai WJ et al. | Characterization of the antiplatelet effects of (2S)-5-methoxy-6-methylflavan-7-ol from Draconis Resina. | 1998 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:9617759 |
Demoly P et al. | [Nose and sinus: anatomo-pathologic relations]. | 1998 | Allerg Immunol (Paris) | pmid:9631692 |
Scammell T et al. | Activation of ventrolateral preoptic neurons by the somnogen prostaglandin D2. | 1998 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:9636223 |
Moon TC et al. | Regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and endogenous cytokine expression by bacterial lipopolysaccharide that acts in synergy with c-kit ligand and Fc epsilon receptor I crosslinking in cultured mast cells. | 1998 | Cell. Immunol. | pmid:9636692 |
Iijima K et al. | Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. | 1998 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:9642130 |
Ikai K et al. | Induction of apoptosis, p53 and heme oxygenase-1 by cytotoxic prostaglandin delta12-PGJ2 in transformed endothelial cells. | 1998 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:9654403 |
Nishino S et al. | Cerebrospinal fluid prostaglandins and corticotropin releasing factor in schizophrenics and controls: relationship to sleep architecture. | 1998 | Psychiatry Res | pmid:9657418 |
Thomson AM et al. | Sequence, catalytic properties and expression of chicken glutathione-dependent prostaglandin D2 synthase, a novel class Sigma glutathione S-transferase. | 1998 | Biochem. J. | pmid:9657971 |
Marx N et al. | Macrophages in human atheroma contain PPARgamma: differentiation-dependent peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARgamma) expression and reduction of MMP-9 activity through PPARgamma activation in mononuclear phagocytes in vitro. | 1998 | Am. J. Pathol. | pmid:9665460 |
Seckl J | Mechanisms of fetal origins of health problems in adults need to be investigated. | 1998 | BMJ | pmid:9665923 |