Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Yang G et al. | Systemic PPARγ deletion impairs circadian rhythms of behavior and metabolism. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:22899986 |
Wang P et al. | The antagonistic actions of endogenous interleukin-1β and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 regulate the temporal synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in sheared chondrocytes. | 2012 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:22829602 |
Nicholson JD et al. | PGJ(2) provides prolonged CNS stroke protection by reducing white matter edema. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23284631 |
Xiao L et al. | Lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 mediates late-phase PGE2 production in bone marrow derived macrophages. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23226252 |
Sykes L et al. | Chemoattractant receptor homologous to the T helper 2 cell (CRTH2) is not expressed in human amniocytes and myocytes. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23226366 |
Yamaura K et al. | Repeated application of glucocorticoids exacerbate pruritus via inhibition of prostaglandin D2 production of mast cells in a murine model of allergic contact dermatitis. | 2012 | J Toxicol Sci | pmid:23208428 |
Pettipher R et al. | Pharmacologic profile of OC000459, a potent, selective, and orally active D prostanoid receptor 2 antagonist that inhibits mast cell-dependent activation of T helper 2 lymphocytes and eosinophils. | 2012 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:22106101 |
Bain G et al. | Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and safety of AM211: a novel and potent antagonist of the prostaglandin D2 receptor type 2. | 2012 | J Clin Pharmacol | pmid:22110163 |
Syeda PK et al. | A monoclonal antibody specific for Δ12-prostaglandin J2 and its utilization in the immunological assay in cell culture system of adipocytes. | 2012 | Hybridoma (Larchmt) | pmid:23098304 |
Gates D et al. | Apo J/clusterin expression and secretion: evidence for 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-PGJ(2)-dependent mechanism. | 2012 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:22138303 |
Weng Y et al. | Prostaglandin metabolite induces inhibition of TRPA1 and channel-dependent nociception. | 2012 | Mol Pain | pmid:23013719 |
Ravindra KC et al. | Targeting of histone acetyltransferase p300 by cyclopentenone prostaglandin Δ(12)-PGJ(2) through covalent binding to Cys(1438). | 2012 | Chem. Res. Toxicol. | pmid:22141352 |
Maurer M and Church MK | Inflammatory skin responses induced by icatibant injection are mast cell mediated and attenuated by H(1)-antihistamines. | 2012 | Exp. Dermatol. | pmid:22142018 |
Fujimori K et al. | Prevention of paraquat-induced apoptosis in human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells by lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase. | 2012 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:22043816 |
Bardelli C et al. | Autocrine activation of human monocyte/macrophages by monocyte-derived microparticles and modulation by PPARγ ligands. | 2012 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:21745193 |
Kanakasabai S et al. | PPARγ agonists promote oligodendrocyte differentiation of neural stem cells by modulating stemness and differentiation genes. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23185633 |
Higuchi S et al. | Involvement of Th2 cytokines in the mouse model of flutamide-induced acute liver injury. | 2012 | J Appl Toxicol | pmid:21735453 |
Pasvanis S et al. | High sodium butyrate levels induce MDR1 activation in colorectal cells: Impact of 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) on the resistance to saquinavir. | 2012 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:22293191 |
Li X et al. | Natural vanadium-containing Jeju groundwater inhibits immunoglobulin E-mediated anaphylactic reaction and suppresses eicosanoid generation and degranulation in bone marrow derived-mast cells. | 2012 | Biol. Pharm. Bull. | pmid:22293352 |
Xue L et al. | Leukotriene E4 activates human Th2 cells for exaggerated proinflammatory cytokine production in response to prostaglandin D2. | 2012 | J. Immunol. | pmid:22174450 |
He S et al. | Identification, organ expression and ligand-dependent expression levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). | 2012 | Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol. | pmid:22079418 |
Hogrefe C et al. | Single impact cartilage trauma and TNF-α: interactive effects do not increase early cell death and indicate the need for bi-/multidirectional therapeutic approaches. | 2012 | Int. J. Mol. Med. | pmid:22922824 |
Lee E et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J₂ modulates manganese-induced activation of the NF-κB, Nrf2, and PI3K pathways in astrocytes. | 2012 | Free Radic. Biol. Med. | pmid:22245093 |
Lee S et al. | Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase protein regulates glial cell migration and morphology through myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate: prostaglandin D2-independent effects. | 2012 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:22275363 |
Ledwidge MT et al. | In vivo impact of prodrug isosorbide-5-nicotinate-2-aspirinate on lipids and prostaglandin D2: is this a new immediate-release therapeutic option for niacin? | 2012 | Atherosclerosis | pmid:22326030 |
Baek K et al. | Myeloid Elf-1-like factor stimulates adipogenic differentiation through the induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression in bone marrow. | 2012 | J. Cell. Physiol. | pmid:22307523 |
MartÃnez AE et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 exerts pro- and anti-inflammatory effects in mesangial cells in a concentration-dependent manner. | 2012 | Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets | pmid:22309084 |
Fujita M et al. | Cytotoxicity of 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) through PPARγ-independent pathway and the involvement of the JNK and Akt pathway in renal cell carcinoma. | 2012 | Int J Med Sci | pmid:22991494 |
Ito H et al. | PGD2-CRTH2 pathway promotes tubulointerstitial fibrosis. | 2012 | J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. | pmid:22997255 |
Wu CC et al. | Involvement of the prostaglandin D2 signal pathway in retinoid-inducible gene 1 (RIG1)-mediated suppression of cell invasion in testis cancer cells. | 2012 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:22960220 |
Song HH et al. | Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effect of Agaricus blazei extract in bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2012 | Am. J. Chin. Med. | pmid:22928836 |
Tachikawa M et al. | A clearance system for prostaglandin D2, a sleep-promoting factor, in cerebrospinal fluid: role of the blood-cerebrospinal barrier transporters. | 2012 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:22931759 |
Fredman G et al. | Self-limited versus delayed resolution of acute inflammation: temporal regulation of pro-resolving mediators and microRNA. | 2012 | Sci Rep | pmid:22957142 |
Komoda T and Nishikawa M | 6'-Hydroxyoxosorbicillinol, a new lipoxygenase inhibitor and PGD2/LTB4 release suppressor from Penicillium sp. | 2012 | Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. | pmid:22785490 |
Joo M and Sadikot RT | PGD synthase and PGD2 in immune resposne. | 2012 | Mediators Inflamm. | pmid:22791937 |
Baudouin-Legros M et al. | Long-term CFTR inhibition modulates 15d-prostaglandin J2 in human pulmonary cells. | 2012 | Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. | pmid:22481026 |
Weng Z et al. | Quercetin is more effective than cromolyn in blocking human mast cell cytokine release and inhibits contact dermatitis and photosensitivity in humans. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:22470478 |
Takahashi G et al. | The potential role of prostaglandin D2 in nasal congestion observed in a guinea pig model of allergic rhinitis. | 2012 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:22472859 |
Abdo H et al. | The omega-6 fatty acid derivative 15-deoxy-Δ¹²,¹â´-prostaglandin J2 is involved in neuroprotection by enteric glial cells against oxidative stress. | 2012 | J. Physiol. (Lond.) | pmid:22473776 |
Ji Y et al. | Activation of rat intestinal mucosal mast cells by fat absorption. | 2012 | Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. | pmid:22461027 |
Kim SE et al. | 15-deoxy-Δ¹²,¹ⴠ-prostaglandin J₂ inhibits human immunodeficiency virus-1 tat-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/CCL2 production by blocking the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 signaling pathway independently of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and heme oxygenase-1 in rat hippocampal slices. | 2012 | J. Neurosci. Res. | pmid:22487967 |
Garza LA et al. | Prostaglandin D2 inhibits hair growth and is elevated in bald scalp of men with androgenetic alopecia. | 2012 | Sci Transl Med | pmid:22440736 |
Cloutier A et al. | The prostanoid 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin-j2 reduces lung inflammation and protects mice against lethal influenza infection. | 2012 | J. Infect. Dis. | pmid:22219346 |
Sykes L et al. | Changes in the Th1:Th2 cytokine bias in pregnancy and the effects of the anti-inflammatory cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2. | 2012 | Mediators Inflamm. | pmid:22690041 |
Prage EB et al. | Observation of two modes of inhibition of human microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 by the cyclopentenone 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2). | 2012 | Biochemistry | pmid:22356188 |
Numazawa S et al. | Possible involvement of transient receptor potential channels in electrophile-induced insulin secretion from RINm5F cells. | 2012 | Biol. Pharm. Bull. | pmid:22382320 |
Lin YC et al. | The glutathionylation of p65 modulates NF-κB activity in 15-deoxy-Δ¹²,¹â´-prostaglandin Jâ‚‚-treated endothelial cells. | 2012 | Free Radic. Biol. Med. | pmid:22387200 |
Carsin A et al. | [Physiopathology of aspirin intolerant asthma]. | 2012 | Rev Mal Respir | pmid:22405107 |
Song WL et al. | Niacin and biosynthesis of PGDâ‚‚by platelet COX-1 in mice and humans. | 2012 | J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:22406532 |
Nagata N and Urade Y | [Endogenous sleep-promoting substance]. | 2012 | Nippon Rinsho | pmid:22844810 |
Philipose S et al. | Laropiprant attenuates EP3 and TP prostanoid receptor-mediated thrombus formation. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:22870195 |
Kim YI et al. | Effects of 15-deoxy-∆¹²,¹â´-prostaglandin Jâ‚‚ on the production of IL-8 and the expression of Toll-like receptor 2 in human primary keratinocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. | 2011 | Mol. Biol. Rep. | pmid:20174873 |
Mor A et al. | Inhibitory effect of farnesylthiosalicylic acid on mediators release by mast cells: preferential inhibition of prostaglandin D(2) and tumor necrosis factor-α release. | 2011 | Inflammation | pmid:20706780 |
Afrin LB | Polycythemia from mast cell activation syndrome: lessons learned. | 2011 | Am. J. Med. Sci. | pmid:21642812 |
Kajiwara D et al. | Role of hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase in biphasic nasal obstruction in guinea pig model of experimental allergic rhinitis. | 2011 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:21645503 |
Erttmann SF et al. | PGD2 and PGE2 regulate gene expression of Prx 6 in primary macrophages via Nrf2. | 2011 | Free Radic. Biol. Med. | pmid:21651978 |
Chiba T et al. | The opposing role of two prostaglandin D2 receptors, DP and CRTH2, in human eosinophil migration. | 2011 | Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. | pmid:21624751 |
Liu TY et al. | [Advances in the study of histaminergic systems and sleep-wake regulation]. | 2011 | Yao Xue Xue Bao | pmid:21626776 |
Zhang Y et al. | Simultaneous and high-throughput quantitation of urinary tetranor PGDM and tetranor PGEM by online SPE-LC-MS/MS as inflammatory biomarkers. | 2011 | J Mass Spectrom | pmid:21706677 |
Ugajin T et al. | FcεRI, but not FcγR, signals induce prostaglandin D2 and E2 production from basophils. | 2011 | Am. J. Pathol. | pmid:21712025 |
Tobiasova Z et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonists prevent in vivo remodeling of human artery induced by alloreactive T cells. | 2011 | Circulation | pmid:21690493 |
Menon R et al. | Amniotic fluid eicosanoids in preterm and term births: effects of risk factors for spontaneous preterm labor. | 2011 | Obstet Gynecol | pmid:21691170 |
Chowdhury AA et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) interferes inducible synthesis of prostaglandins E(2) and F(2α) that suppress subsequent adipogenesis program in cultured preadipocytes. | 2011 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:21699992 |
Yamamoto Y et al. | Dual functions of prostaglandin D2 in murine contact hypersensitivity via DP and CRTH2. | 2011 | Am. J. Pathol. | pmid:21703412 |
Ebersberger A et al. | Effects of prostaglandin D2 on tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ currents in DRG neurons of adult rat. | 2011 | Pain | pmid:21345590 |
Ulivi V et al. | Anti-inflammatory activity of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol in human articular cartilage in vitro: activation of an anti-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathway. | 2011 | Arthritis Res. Ther. | pmid:21682897 |
Farhat A et al. | Hematopoietic-Prostaglandin D2 synthase through PGD2 production is involved in the adult ovarian physiology. | 2011 | J Ovarian Res | pmid:21352547 |
Yamamoto Y et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 enhanced the anti-tumor activity of camptothecin against renal cell carcinoma independently of topoisomerase-II and PPARγ pathways. | 2011 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:21683069 |
Luker T et al. | Zwitterionic CRTh2 antagonists. | 2011 | J. Med. Chem. | pmid:21355602 |
Ayoub SS et al. | Cyclooxygenase expression and prostaglandin levels in central nervous system tissues during the course of chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). | 2011 | Inflamm. Res. | pmid:21667309 |
Matsumoto T et al. | Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase is associated with coronary vasospasm and vasomotor reactivity in response to acetylcholine. | 2011 | Circ. J. | pmid:21325722 |
Cha B et al. | 15-deoxy-D12,14-prostaglandin J2 suppresses RANTES expression by inhibiting NADPH oxidase activation in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. | 2011 | J. Physiol. Pharmacol. | pmid:21673364 |
Wang P et al. | Interleukin-6 synthesis in human chondrocytes is regulated via the antagonistic actions of prostaglandin (PG)E2 and 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-PGJ2. | 2011 | PLoS ONE | pmid:22096605 |
Luna-Gomes T et al. | Eosinophils as a novel cell source of prostaglandin D2: autocrine role in allergic inflammation. | 2011 | J. Immunol. | pmid:22102725 |
Lalier L et al. | Prostaglandins antagonistically control Bax activation during apoptosis. | 2011 | Cell Death Differ. | pmid:20966963 |
Sharma I et al. | In vitro effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ ligands on gene expression in lipopolysaccharide-induced endometrial and endometriotic stromal cells. | 2011 | Fertil. Steril. | pmid:20970133 |
Mesquita-Santos FP et al. | Co-operative signalling through DP(1) and DP(2) prostanoid receptors is required to enhance leukotriene C(4) synthesis induced by prostaglandin D(2) in eosinophils. | 2011 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:20973774 |
Wienecke T et al. | Discrepancy between strong cephalic arterial dilatation and mild headache caused by prostaglandin Dâ‚‚ (PGDâ‚‚). | 2011 | Cephalalgia | pmid:20974593 |
El-Shazly AE et al. | IFN-γ and TNF-α potentiate prostaglandin D2-induced human eosinophil chemotaxis through up-regulation of CRTH2 surface receptor. | 2011 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:21835268 |
Kuehn HS et al. | Prostaglandin E2 activates and utilizes mTORC2 as a central signaling locus for the regulation of mast cell chemotaxis and mediator release. | 2011 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:20980255 |
Surh YJ et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ¹²,¹â´-prostaglandin Jâ‚‚, an electrophilic lipid mediator of anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving signaling. | 2011 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:21843512 |
Bräutigam K et al. | Combined treatment with TRAIL and PPARγ ligands overcomes chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cell lines. | 2011 | J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. | pmid:20878528 |
Alves C et al. | Effects of 15d-PGJâ‚‚-loaded poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanocapsules on inflammation. | 2011 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:20883476 |
Lu Y et al. | Emodin, a naturally occurring anthraquinone derivative, suppresses IgE-mediated anaphylactic reaction and mast cell activation. | 2011 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:21907188 |
Kanda N et al. | The antimycotic drugs itraconazole and terbinafine hydrochloride induce the production of human β-defensin-3 in human keratinocytes. | 2011 | Immunobiology | pmid:20875690 |
Burke SJ and Collier JJ | The gene encoding cyclooxygenase-2 is regulated by IL-1β and prostaglandins in 832/13 rat insulinoma cells. | 2011 | Cell. Immunol. | pmid:21885043 |
Liu H et al. | Modification of ubiquitin-C-terminal hydrolase-L1 by cyclopentenone prostaglandins exacerbates hypoxic injury. | 2011 | Neurobiol. Dis. | pmid:20933087 |
Crosignani S et al. | Discovery of potent, selective, and orally bioavailable alkynylphenoxyacetic acid CRTH2 (DP2) receptor antagonists for the treatment of allergic inflammatory diseases. | 2011 | J. Med. Chem. | pmid:21916510 |
Moniot B et al. | Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase (H-Pgds) is expressed in the early embryonic gonad and participates to the initial nuclear translocation of the SOX9 protein. | 2011 | Dev. Dyn. | pmid:21887724 |
Hewson CA et al. | A differential role for ceramide kinase in antigen/FcɛRI-mediated mast cell activation and function. | 2011 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:21255156 |
Kanai Y et al. | Identification of novel oxidized levuglandin D2 in marine red alga and mouse tissue. | 2011 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:21893678 |
He P et al. | Oxidative stress suppresses cysteinyl leukotriene generation by mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2011 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:21233206 |
Tao H and Hajri T | Very low density lipoprotein receptor promotes adipocyte differentiation and mediates the proadipogenic effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists. | 2011 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:21924248 |
De Nuccio C et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonists accelerate oligodendrocyte maturation and influence mitochondrial functions and oscillatory Ca(2+) waves. | 2011 | J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. | pmid:21937914 |
Choi YH et al. | The extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase/ribosomal S6 protein kinase 1 cascade phosphorylates cAMP response element-binding protein to induce MUC5B gene expression via D-prostanoid receptor signaling. | 2011 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:21832046 |
Chowdhury AA et al. | Sustained expression of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase in the antisense direction positively regulates adipogenesis in cloned cultured preadipocytes. | 2011 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:21726533 |
Wang JJ and Mak OT | Induction of apoptosis in non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cells by PGDâ‚‚ metabolite, 15d-PGJâ‚‚. | 2011 | Cell Biol. Int. | pmid:21999315 |
Seno T et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ¹²,¹ⴠprostaglandin J₂ reduces the formation of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. | 2011 | PLoS ONE | pmid:22003398 |
Matsushima Y et al. | Distinct roles of prostaglandin D2 receptors in chronic skin inflammation. | 2011 | Mol. Immunol. | pmid:21943706 |
Birbian N et al. | No association of PTGDR -441C/T polymorphism with asthma in a North Indian population. | 2011 | Dis. Markers | pmid:22182808 |