Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Fu Y et al. | Upregulation of interleukin-8 expression by prostaglandin D2 metabolite 15-deoxy-delta12, 14 prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) in human THP-1 macrophages. | 2002 | Atherosclerosis | pmid:11755918 |
Suzuki R and Freed AN | Heparin inhibits hyperventilation-induced late-phase hyperreactivity in dogs. | 2002 | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | pmid:11779726 |
Shibata T et al. | 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2. A prostaglandin D2 metabolite generated during inflammatory processes. | 2002 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:11786541 |
Simonin MA et al. | PPAR-gamma ligands modulate effects of LPS in stimulated rat synovial fibroblasts. | 2002 | Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. | pmid:11742805 |
Pestel S et al. | Inhibition by prostaglandin E(2) of anaphylatoxin C5a- but not zymosan-induced prostanoid release from rat Kupffer cells. | 2002 | Lab. Invest. | pmid:11950903 |
Nishida K et al. | Inhibition of human chondrosarcoma cell growth via apoptosis by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. | 2002 | Br. J. Cancer | pmid:11953889 |
Finck BN and Johnson RW | Anti-inflammatory agents inhibit the induction of leptin by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. | 2002 | Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. | pmid:11959686 |
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Kohyama T et al. | Prostaglandin D2 inhibits fibroblast migration. | 2002 | Eur. Respir. J. | pmid:11998998 |
Sharif NA and Davis TL | Cloned human EP1 prostanoid receptor pharmacology characterized using radioligand binding techniques. | 2002 | J. Pharm. Pharmacol. | pmid:11999132 |
Yu Y et al. | Conjugated linoleic acid decreases production of pro-inflammatory products in macrophages: evidence for a PPAR gamma-dependent mechanism. | 2002 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:12020636 |
Wayman NS et al. | Ligands of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR-gamma and PPAR-alpha) reduce myocardial infarct size. | 2002 | FASEB J. | pmid:12087064 |
Lennon AM et al. | MAP kinase cascades are activated in astrocytes and preadipocytes by 15-deoxy-Delta(12-14)-prostaglandin J(2) and the thiazolidinedione ciglitazone through peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma-independent mechanisms involving reactive oxygenated species. | 2002 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:12052825 |
Lappas M et al. | Regulation of proinflammatory cytokines in human gestational tissues by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma: effect of 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) and troglitazone. | 2002 | J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. | pmid:12364456 |
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Suzuki K and Uyeda M | Inhibitory properties of antitumor prostaglandins against topoisomerases. | 2002 | Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. | pmid:12353631 |
Campo PA et al. | Translational regulation of cyclin D1 by 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2). | 2002 | Cell Growth Differ. | pmid:12354750 |
Hashimoto K et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand inhibits cell growth and invasion of human pancreatic cancer cells. | 2002 | Int J Gastrointest Cancer | pmid:12630765 |
Tzanakakis GN et al. | The preventive effect of ketoconazole on experimental metastasis from a human pancreatic carcinoma may be related to its effect on prostaglandin synthesis. | 2002 | Int J Gastrointest Cancer | pmid:12630766 |
Nithipatikom K et al. | Requirement of cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandins for human prostate cancer cell invasion. | 2002 | Clin. Exp. Metastasis | pmid:12498388 |
Takano H and Komuro I | Roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in cardiovascular disease. | 2002 Jan-Feb | J. Diabetes Complicat. | pmid:11872377 |
Zanoni G et al. | First enantioselective total synthesis of (8S,12R,15S)-prostaglandin J(2). | 2003 | J. Org. Chem. | pmid:12895084 |
Bishop-Bailey D and Warner TD | PPARgamma ligands induce prostaglandin production in vascular smooth muscle cells: indomethacin acts as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma antagonist. | 2003 | FASEB J. | pmid:12897060 |
Souza SC et al. | TNF-alpha induction of lipolysis is mediated through activation of the extracellular signal related kinase pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. | 2003 | J. Cell. Biochem. | pmid:12898507 |
Zhuang H et al. | Prostaglandins of J series control heme oxygenase expression: potential significance in modulating neuroinflammation. | 2003 | Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. | pmid:12853315 |
Pestel S et al. | Inhibition of prostaglandin D2 clearance in rat hepatocytes by the thromboxane receptor antagonists daltroban and ifetroban and the thromboxane synthase inhibitor furegrelate. | 2003 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:12906929 |
Pritts EA et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand inhibition of RANTES production by human endometriotic stromal cells is mediated through an upstream promoter element. | 2003 | Fertil. Steril. | pmid:12909507 |
Zanoni G et al. | A --> J prostaglandin swap: a new tactic for cyclopentenone prostaglandin synthesis. | 2003 | J. Org. Chem. | pmid:12919053 |
Nencioni A et al. | Cyclopentenone prostaglandins induce lymphocyte apoptosis by activating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway independent of external death receptor signaling. | 2003 | J. Immunol. | pmid:14607914 |
Zhang M et al. | [Apoptosis of human lung cancer cells induced by activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and its mechanism]. | 2003 | Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi | pmid:12921638 |
Honda K et al. | Prostaglandin D2 reinforces Th2 type inflammatory responses of airways to low-dose antigen through bronchial expression of macrophage-derived chemokine. | 2003 | J. Exp. Med. | pmid:12925672 |
Mendez M and LaPointe MC | PPARgamma inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2, PGE2 synthase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in cardiac myocytes. | 2003 | Hypertension | pmid:12885795 |
Li L et al. | Heme oxygenase-1 is an antifibrogenic protein in human hepatic myofibroblasts. | 2003 | Gastroenterology | pmid:12891549 |
Vosseler CA et al. | Structural requirements of cyclopentenone prostaglandins to induce endothelial cell apoptosis. | 2003 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:12859958 |
Yang L et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and ligands inhibit surfactant protein B gene expression in the lung. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:12829715 |
Houston KD et al. | Inhibition of proliferation and estrogen receptor signaling by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands in uterine leiomyoma. | 2003 | Cancer Res. | pmid:12649180 |
Adachi H et al. | Molecular characterization of human and rat organic anion transporter OATP-D. | 2003 | Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. | pmid:14631946 |
Mueller C et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands attenuate immunological symptoms of experimental allergic asthma. | 2003 | Arch. Biochem. Biophys. | pmid:14522590 |
Hu VY et al. | COX-2 and prostanoid expression in micturition pathways after cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in the rat. | 2003 | Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. | pmid:12388444 |
Kim BE et al. | Cytochrome C-dependent Fas-independent apoptotic pathway in HeLa cells induced by delta12-prostaglandin J2. | 2003 | Exp. Mol. Med. | pmid:14508070 |
Yuan Z et al. | Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-gamma ligands ameliorate experimental autoimmune myocarditis. | 2003 | Cardiovasc. Res. | pmid:14499870 |
Jelson GS et al. | Modulation of guinea pig intrinsic cardiac neurons by prostaglandins. | 2003 | Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. | pmid:12791585 |
Rehan V and Torday J | Hyperoxia augments pulmonary lipofibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation. | 2003 | Cell Biochem. Biophys. | pmid:12794266 |
Aoun P et al. | Role of PPAR-gamma ligands in neuroprotection against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in retinal ganglion cells. | 2003 | Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. | pmid:12824244 |
Sugimoto H et al. | An orally bioavailable small molecule antagonist of CRTH2, ramatroban (BAY u3405), inhibits prostaglandin D2-induced eosinophil migration in vitro. | 2003 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:12649388 |
Chung SW et al. | Inhibition of interleukin-4 production in CD4+ T cells by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligands: involvement of physical association between PPAR-gamma and the nuclear factor of activated T cells transcription factor. | 2003 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:14573767 |
Urade Y and Eguchi N | [Sleep substances]. | 2003 | No To Shinkei | pmid:12649899 |
Saito S et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 induces apoptosis through activation of the CHOP gene in HeLa cells. | 2003 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:14575689 |
Smith SA et al. | Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands ciglitazone and 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 on rat cultured cerebellar granule neuronal viability. | 2003 | J. Neurosci. Res. | pmid:12774315 |
Zamuner SR et al. | Cyclooxygenase 2 mediates post-inflammatory colonic secretory and barrier dysfunction. | 2003 | Gut | pmid:14633948 |
Armoni M et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma represses GLUT4 promoter activity in primary adipocytes, and rosiglitazone alleviates this effect. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:12777391 |
Shibata T et al. | An endogenous electrophile that modulates the regulatory mechanism of protein turnover: inhibitory effects of 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 on proteasome. | 2003 | Biochemistry | pmid:14636064 |
Liu H et al. | PPARgamma ligands and ATRA inhibit the invasion of human breast cancer cells in vitro. | 2003 | Breast Cancer Res. Treat. | pmid:12779083 |
Villegas I et al. | A new flavonoid derivative, dosmalfate, attenuates the development of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in mice. | 2003 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:14636824 |
Mitsumori S et al. | Synthesis and biological activity of various derivatives of a novel class of potent, selective, and orally active prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonists. 1. Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane derivatives. | 2003 | J. Med. Chem. | pmid:12773047 |
Inoue K et al. | Effect of 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 on acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice. | 2003 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:14642794 |
Mitsumori S et al. | Synthesis and biological activity of various derivatives of a novel class of potent, selective, and orally active prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonists. 2. 6,6-Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane derivatives. | 2003 | J. Med. Chem. | pmid:12773048 |
Ide T et al. | Activation of nuclear receptors by prostaglandins. | 2003 | Thromb. Res. | pmid:14592554 |
Kim EJ et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activator 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits neuroblastoma cell growth through induction of apoptosis: association with extracellular signal-regulated kinase signal pathway. | 2003 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:12966153 |
Yagami T et al. | Novel binding sites of 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in plasma membranes from primary rat cortical neurons. | 2003 | Exp. Cell Res. | pmid:14597421 |
Collin M and Thiemermann C | The PPAR-gamma ligand 15-deoxy(delta12,14) prostaglandin J2 reduces the liver injury in endotoxic shock. | 2003 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12969773 |
Cuzzocrea S et al. | Rosiglitazone and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2, ligands of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), reduce ischaemia/reperfusion injury of the gut. | 2003 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12970094 |
Caivano M et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 regulates endogenous Cot MAPK kinase kinase 1 activity induced by lipopolysaccharide. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:14557273 |
Farrow B et al. | Selective activation of PPARgamma inhibits pancreatic cancer invasion and decreases expression of tissue plasminogen activator. | 2003 | Surgery | pmid:12947319 |
Murakami Y et al. | Inhibition of monosodium urate monohydrate crystal-induced acute inflammation by retrovirally transfected prostaglandin D synthase. | 2003 | Arthritis Rheum. | pmid:14558100 |
Zhang M et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activated by ligands can inhibit human lung cancer cell growth through induction of apoptosis. | 2003 | J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technol. Med. Sci. | pmid:12973930 |
Niyonsaba F et al. | Epithelial cell-derived antibacterial peptides human beta-defensins and cathelicidin: multifunctional activities on mast cells. | 2003 | Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy | pmid:14561157 |
Powell WS | 15-Deoxy-delta12,14-PGJ2: endogenous PPARgamma ligand or minor eicosanoid degradation product? | 2003 | J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:12975467 |
Chen YX et al. | 15d-PGJ2 inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis of MCG-803 human gastric cancer cell line. | 2003 | World J. Gastroenterol. | pmid:14562367 |
Bell-Parikh LC et al. | Biosynthesis of 15-deoxy-delta12,14-PGJ2 and the ligation of PPARgamma. | 2003 | J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:12975479 |
Gilroy DW et al. | Inducible cyclooxygenase-derived 15-deoxy(Delta)12-14PGJ2 brings about acute inflammatory resolution in rat pleurisy by inducing neutrophil and macrophage apoptosis. | 2003 | FASEB J. | pmid:14563690 |
Okano H et al. | 15-deoxy-delta-12-14-PGJ2 regulates apoptosis induction and nuclear factor-kappaB activation via a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-independent mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma. | 2003 | Lab. Invest. | pmid:14563954 |
Faveeuw C et al. | Prostaglandin D2 inhibits the production of interleukin-12 in murine dendritic cells through multiple signaling pathways. | 2003 | Eur. J. Immunol. | pmid:12672054 |
Mohri I et al. | Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase is expressed in microglia in the developing postnatal mouse brain. | 2003 | Glia | pmid:12673832 |
Takata K et al. | Possible involvement of small oligomers of amyloid-beta peptides in 15-deoxy-delta 12,14 prostaglandin J2-sensitive microglial activation. | 2003 | J. Pharmacol. Sci. | pmid:12719662 |
Liu JD et al. | Involvement of c-jun N-terminal kinase activation in 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2-and prostaglandin A1-induced apoptosis in AGS gastric epithelial cells. | 2003 | Mol. Carcinog. | pmid:12720296 |
Hata AN et al. | Expression and molecular pharmacology of the mouse CRTH2 receptor. | 2003 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:12721327 |
Yee LD et al. | The antiproliferative effects of PPARgamma ligands in normal human mammary epithelial cells. | 2003 | Breast Cancer Res. Treat. | pmid:12725418 |
Oliva JL et al. | The cyclopentenone 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 binds to and activates H-Ras. | 2003 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:12684535 |
Paumi CM et al. | Multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 1 and MRP3 attenuate cytotoxic and transactivating effects of the cyclopentenone prostaglandin, 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)prostaglandin J2 in MCF7 breast cancer cells. | 2003 | Biochemistry | pmid:12731885 |
Gosset P et al. | Prostaglandin D2 affects the maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells: consequence on the polarization of naive Th cells. | 2003 | J. Immunol. | pmid:12734337 |
Lu S et al. | Specific gene expression of isoforms in cyclooxygenase pathway to generate PGJ2 derivatives during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. | 2003 | Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. | pmid:12751756 |
Imaizumi T et al. | 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 inhibits IFN-gamma-induced galectin-9 expression in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. | 2003 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:12759491 |
Sommer A et al. | A dominant role for extracellular glutathione S-transferase from Onchocerca volvulus is the production of prostaglandin D2. | 2003 | Infect. Immun. | pmid:12761146 |
Irikura D et al. | Cloning, expression, crystallization, and preliminary X-ray analysis of recombinant mouse lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase, a somnogen-producing enzyme. | 2003 | J. Biochem. | pmid:12761195 |
Shibata T et al. | Thioredoxin as a molecular target of cyclopentenone prostaglandins. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:12709421 |
Zhuang H et al. | Regulation of heme oxygenase expression by cyclopentenone prostaglandins. | 2003 | Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) | pmid:12709576 |
Hinz B et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 inhibits the expression of proinflammatory genes in human blood monocytes via a PPAR-gamma-independent mechanism. | 2003 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:12604364 |
Jung KM et al. | Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and activator protein-1 during the promotion of neurite extension of PC-12 cells by 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2003 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:12606768 |
Abe M et al. | GATA-6 is involved in PPARgamma-mediated activation of differentiated phenotype in human vascular smooth muscle cells. | 2003 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:12615657 |
Qin C et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists induce proteasome-dependent degradation of cyclin D1 and estrogen receptor alpha in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. | 2003 | Cancer Res. | pmid:12615709 |
Kajekar R et al. | Role of cyclooxygenase activation and prostaglandins in antigen-induced excitability changes of bronchial parasympathetic ganglia neurons. | 2003 | Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. | pmid:12618420 |
Wanichkul T et al. | Cytokine regulation by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in human endometrial cells. | 2003 | Fertil. Steril. | pmid:12620489 |
Monneret G et al. | 15R-methyl-prostaglandin D2 is a potent and selective CRTH2/DP2 receptor agonist in human eosinophils. | 2003 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:12490611 |
Li L et al. | RasGRP4 regulates the expression of prostaglandin D2 in human and rat mast cell lines. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:12493770 |
Winnett G et al. | Prostaglandin J2 metabolites inhibit aromatase activity by redox-sensitive mechanisms: potential implications for breast cancer therapy. | 2003 | Int. J. Cancer | pmid:12494466 |
Kalla R et al. | Loss of microglial ramification in microglia-astrocyte cocultures: involvement of adenylate cyclase, calcium, phosphatase, and Gi-protein systems. | 2003 | Glia | pmid:12465045 |
Hirano A et al. | Arachidonic acid-induced channel- and carrier-type ion transport across planar bilayer lipid membranes. | 2003 | Anal Sci | pmid:12608744 |