Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Kim SJ et al. | Effects of methyl gallate on arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes: Cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2006 | Arch. Pharm. Res. | pmid:17121182 |
Berruyer C et al. | Vanin-1 licenses inflammatory mediator production by gut epithelial cells and controls colitis by antagonizing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activity. | 2006 | J. Exp. Med. | pmid:17145956 |
Qu WM et al. | Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase produces prostaglandin D2 involved in regulation of physiological sleep. | 2006 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:17093043 |
Arai I | [Role of cutaneous prostaglandin D2 production on scratching dermatitis in mice]. | 2006 | Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi | pmid:17167214 |
Wang XS and Lau HY | Beta-adrenoceptor-mediated inhibition of mediator release from human peripheral blood-derived mast cells. | 2006 | Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. | pmid:16895550 |
Zhang A et al. | Prostaglandin D2 inhibits TGF-beta1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in MDCK cells. | 2006 | Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. | pmid:16896186 |
Chaffer CL et al. | PPARgamma-independent induction of growth arrest and apoptosis in prostate and bladder carcinoma. | 2006 | BMC Cancer | pmid:16519808 |
Pérez S et al. | The 2-series prostaglandins suppress VLDL secretion in an inflammatory condition-dependent manner in primary rat hepatocytes. | 2006 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:16545597 |
Wise H | Lack of interaction between prostaglandin E2 receptor subtypes in regulating adenylyl cyclase activity in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion cells. | 2006 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:16545798 |
Wang XS et al. | Functional characterization of human mast cells cultured from adult peripheral blood. | 2006 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:16546715 |
Sawai H et al. | Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma decreases pancreatic cancer cell invasion through modulation of the plasminogen activator system. | 2006 | Mol. Cancer Res. | pmid:16547153 |
Fu YG et al. | Inhibition of gastric cancer cells associated angiogenesis by 15d-prostaglandin J2 through the downregulation of angiopoietin-1. | 2006 | Cancer Lett. | pmid:16412567 |
Wung BS et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) suppresses IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation via electrophilic reactivity in endothelial cells. | 2006 | Life Sci. | pmid:16413037 |
Mathiesen JM et al. | On the mechanism of interaction of potent surmountable and insurmountable antagonists with the prostaglandin D2 receptor CRTH2. | 2006 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:16418339 |
Barreto EO et al. | High levels of filamentous actin and apoptosis correlate with mast cell refractoriness under alloxan-evoked diabetes. | 2006 | Life Sci. | pmid:16647092 |
Funovics P et al. | Effects of 15d-PGJ(2) on VEGF-induced angiogenic activities and expression of VEGF receptors in endothelial cells. | 2006 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:16647637 |
Jin MH et al. | Anti-inflammatory activity of Ailanthus altissima in ovalbumin-induced lung inflammation. | 2006 | Biol. Pharm. Bull. | pmid:16651713 |
Mohri I et al. | Prostaglandin D2-mediated microglia/astrocyte interaction enhances astrogliosis and demyelination in twitcher. | 2006 | J. Neurosci. | pmid:16624958 |
Hauser B et al. | Effects of 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin-J2 during hyperdynamic porcine endotoxemia. | 2006 | Intensive Care Med | pmid:16534570 |
Lee SJ et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and retinoic acid X receptor alpha represses the TGFbeta1 gene via PTEN-mediated p70 ribosomal S6 kinase-1 inhibition: role for Zf9 dephosphorylation. | 2006 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:16611854 |
Herlong JL and Scott TR | Positioning prostanoids of the D and J series in the immunopathogenic scheme. | 2006 | Immunol. Lett. | pmid:16310861 |
Rockwell CE et al. | Interleukin-2 suppression by 2-arachidonyl glycerol is mediated through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma independently of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2. | 2006 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:16611855 |
Arnold R and König W | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists inhibit the replication of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in human lung epithelial cells. | 2006 | Virology | pmid:16616290 |
Merwald H et al. | Induction of the 72-kilodalton heat shock protein and protection from ultraviolet B-induced cell death in human keratinocytes by repetitive exposure to heat shock or 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2. | 2006 | Cell Stress Chaperones | pmid:16572732 |
Sato TA and Mitchell MD | Preferential production of prostaglandin D2 by lipopolysaccharide stimulated human choriodecidual explants. | 2006 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:16380246 |
Cheng K et al. | Antagonism of the prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 suppresses nicotinic acid-induced vasodilation in mice and humans. | 2006 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:16617107 |
Arnold R and König W | Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists inhibit the release of proinflammatory cytokines from RSV-infected epithelial cells. | 2006 | Virology | pmid:16330064 |
Sheddan NA and Mulzer J | Cross metathesis as a general strategy for the synthesis of prostacyclin and prostaglandin analogues. | 2006 | Org. Lett. | pmid:16805562 |
Kohno S et al. | Inhibition of skin sclerosis by 15deoxy delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 and retrovirally transfected prostaglandin D synthase in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced scleroderma. | 2006 | Biomed. Pharmacother. | pmid:16337105 |
Chiang PC et al. | Induction of Fas clustering and apoptosis by coral prostanoid in human hormone-resistant prostate cancer cells. | 2006 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:16806159 |
Xie Y et al. | Differentiation-dependent regulation of the cyclooxygenase cascade during adipogenesis suggests a complex role for prostaglandins. | 2006 | Diabetes Obes Metab | pmid:16367886 |
Ogburn KD et al. | Prostaglandin J2 reduces catechol-O-methyltransferase activity and enhances dopamine toxicity in neuronal cells. | 2006 | Neurobiol. Dis. | pmid:16406650 |
Relic B et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma1 is dephosphorylated and degraded during BAY 11-7085-induced synovial fibroblast apoptosis. | 2006 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:16766531 |
Sugimoto M et al. | Role of COX-1 and COX-2 on skin PGs biosynthesis by mechanical scratching in mice. | 2006 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:16815697 |
Schwartz MS et al. | Determination of a prostaglandin D2 antagonist and its acyl glucuronide metabolite in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection--a lack of MS/MS selectivity between a glucuronide conjugate and a phase I metabolite. | 2006 | J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. | pmid:16716772 |
Na HK and Surh YJ | Transcriptional regulation via cysteine thiol modification: a novel molecular strategy for chemoprevention and cytoprotection. | 2006 | Mol. Carcinog. | pmid:16673384 |
BrazÃs P et al. | Dermal microdialysis in the dog: in vivo assessment of the effect of cyclosporin A on cutaneous histamine and prostaglandin D2 release. | 2006 | Vet. Dermatol. | pmid:16674731 |
Hickson-Bick DL et al. | The response of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes to lipopolysaccharide-induced stress. | 2006 | Shock | pmid:16680021 |
Son MJ et al. | Naturally occurring biflavonoid, ochnaflavone, inhibits cyclooxygenases-2 and 5-lipoxygenase in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2006 | Arch. Pharm. Res. | pmid:16681032 |
Wang WM et al. | [Effects of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma agonists on transforming growth factor-beta1 and Smads signal pathway: experiment with rat renal fibroblasts]. | 2006 | Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi | pmid:16681946 |
Sun K et al. | PPAR gamma inhibits growth of rat hepatic stellate cells and TGF beta-induced connective tissue growth factor expression. | 2006 | Acta Pharmacol. Sin. | pmid:16723090 |
Ou Z et al. | Neuronal expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) and 15d-prostaglandin J2--mediated protection of brain after experimental cerebral ischemia in rat. | 2006 | Brain Res. | pmid:16725118 |
Lee S et al. | Rosiglitazone ameliorates cisplatin-induced renal injury in mice. | 2006 | Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. | pmid:16728429 |
Rajasingh J and Bright JJ | 15-Deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 regulates leukemia inhibitory factor signaling through JAK-STAT pathway in mouse embryonic stem cells. | 2006 | Exp. Cell Res. | pmid:16737695 |
Wang Z et al. | Prostaglandin J2 alters pro-survival and pro-death gene expression patterns and 26 S proteasome assembly in human neuroblastoma cells. | 2006 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:16737963 |
Yasugi E et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands stimulate myeloid differentiation and lipogenensis in human leukemia NB4 cells. | 2006 | Dev. Growth Differ. | pmid:16573735 |
Cuzzocrea S | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and acute lung injury. | 2006 | Curr Opin Pharmacol | pmid:16580256 |
Brannan JD et al. | Inhibition of mast cell PGD2 release protects against mannitol-induced airway narrowing. | 2006 | Eur. Respir. J. | pmid:16707393 |
Suzuki T et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in human breast carcinoma: a modulator of estrogenic actions. | 2006 | Endocr. Relat. Cancer | pmid:16601291 |
Bate C et al. | Prostaglandin D2 mediates neuronal damage by amyloid-beta or prions which activates microglial cells. | 2006 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:16289250 |
Ye P et al. | [The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in proliferation of cardiac non myocytes]. | 2006 | Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi | pmid:21162229 |
Garg TK and Chang JY | Methylmercury causes oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in microglia: attenuation by 15-deoxy-delta 12, 14-prostaglandin J2. | 2006 | J. Neuroimmunol. | pmid:16225932 |
Shiraki T et al. | Spectroscopic analyses of the binding kinetics of 15d-PGJ2 to the PPARgamma ligand-binding domain by multi-wavelength global fitting. | 2006 | Biochem. J. | pmid:16236024 |
Benkirane K et al. | PPAR-gamma inhibits ANG II-induced cell growth via SHIP2 and 4E-BP1. | 2006 | Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. | pmid:16155101 |
Zhang YF et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma is expressed by rat peritoneal mesothelial cells: its potential role in peritoneal cavity local defense. | 2006 | Am. J. Nephrol. | pmid:17183189 |
Fernández PL | [Stress and inflammatory bowell disease (I.B.D). Therapeutic strategies]. | 2006 | An R Acad Nac Med (Madr) | pmid:17172222 |
Cho WH et al. | 15-deoxy-(Delta12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) induces cell death through caspase-independent mechanism in A172 human glioma cells. | 2006 | Neurochem. Res. | pmid:17006759 |
Maciejewski-Lenoir D et al. | Langerhans cells release prostaglandin D2 in response to nicotinic acid. | 2006 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:17008871 |
Wilson RJ et al. | GW627368X ((N-{2-[4-(4,9-diethoxy-1-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[f]isoindol-2-yl)phenyl]acetyl} benzene sulphonamide): a novel, potent and selective prostanoid EP4 receptor antagonist. | 2006 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:16604093 |
Millán O et al. | Potentiation of tumor formation by topical administration of 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in a model of skin carcinogenesis. | 2006 | Carcinogenesis | pmid:16113051 |
Pereira MP et al. | Rosiglitazone and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 cause potent neuroprotection after experimental stroke through noncompletely overlapping mechanisms. | 2006 | J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. | pmid:16034372 |
Gulliksson M et al. | Release of prostaglandin D2 and leukotriene C4 in response to hyperosmolar stimulation of mast cells. | 2006 | Allergy | pmid:17073880 |
Phulwani NK et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) and ciglitazone modulate Staphylococcus aureus-dependent astrocyte activation primarily through a PPAR-gamma-independent pathway. | 2006 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:17074064 |
Kim EH et al. | Upregulation of VEGF by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 via heme oxygenase-1 and ERK1/2 signaling in MCF-7 cells. | 2006 | Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. | pmid:17384282 |
Núñez NP et al. | PPAR-gamma ligands and amino acid deprivation promote apoptosis of melanoma, prostate, and breast cancer cells. | 2006 | Cancer Lett. | pmid:15979236 |
Aquila S et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma is expressed by human spermatozoa: its potential role on the sperm physiology. | 2006 | J. Cell. Physiol. | pmid:16972250 |
Gayarre J et al. | Addition of electrophilic lipids to actin alters filament structure. | 2006 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:16979589 |
Zhang YJ et al. | Effect of 15d-PGJ2 on the expression of CD40 and RANTES induced by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha on renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2). | 2006 | Am. J. Nephrol. | pmid:16864989 |
Schratl P et al. | Hierarchy of eosinophil chemoattractants: role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. | 2006 | Eur. J. Immunol. | pmid:16906532 |
Ciucci A et al. | Induction of apoptosis in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells by natural and synthetic cyclopentenones: role of the IkappaB kinase/nuclear factor-kappaB pathway. | 2006 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:16908599 |
Egan K and FitzGerald GA | Eicosanoids and the vascular endothelium. | 2006 | Handb Exp Pharmacol | pmid:16999220 |
Sugimoto M et al. | Time course changes of scratching counts, dermatitis symptoms, and levels of cutaneous prostaglandins in NC/Nga mice. | 2006 | Exp. Dermatol. | pmid:17002684 |
Feldon SE et al. | Activated human T lymphocytes express cyclooxygenase-2 and produce proadipogenic prostaglandins that drive human orbital fibroblast differentiation to adipocytes. | 2006 | Am. J. Pathol. | pmid:17003477 |
Yu X et al. | Nrf2-mediated induction of cytoprotective enzymes by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 is attenuated by alkenal/one oxidoreductase. | 2006 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:16857669 |
Chen ZH et al. | Induction of adaptive response and enhancement of PC12 cell tolerance by 7-hydroxycholesterol and 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 through up-regulation of cellular glutathione via different mechanisms. | 2006 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:16565077 |
Horiguchi T et al. | Cyclooxygenase-2 mediates the development of cortical spreading depression-induced tolerance to transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. | 2006 | Neuroscience | pmid:16567054 |
Siddhivarn C et al. | Prostaglandin D2 pathway and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-1 expression are induced by mechanical loading in an osteoblastic cell line. | 2006 | J. Periodont. Res. | pmid:16499711 |
Coyle AT and Kinsella BT | Synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists rosiglitazone and troglitazone suppress transcription by promoter 3 of the human thromboxane A2 receptor gene in human erythroleukemia cells. | 2006 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:16499875 |
Makino N et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands attenuate brain natriuretic peptide production and affect remodeling in cardiac fibroblasts in reoxygenation after hypoxia. | 2006 | Cell Biochem. Biophys. | pmid:16456235 |
Figarella K et al. | Prostaglandin-induced programmed cell death in Trypanosoma brucei involves oxidative stress. | 2006 | Cell Death Differ. | pmid:16456581 |
Belvisi MG et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists as therapy for chronic airway inflammation. | 2006 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:16458290 |
Rolin S et al. | Prostanoids as pharmacological targets in COPD and asthma. | 2006 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:16458293 |
Masuda H et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 attenuates development of cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in rats. | 2006 | Urology | pmid:16461118 |
Lee E et al. | Anti-asthmatic activity of an ethanol extract from Saururus chinensis. | 2006 | Biol. Pharm. Bull. | pmid:16462020 |
Raetz CR et al. | Kdo2-Lipid A of Escherichia coli, a defined endotoxin that activates macrophages via TLR-4. | 2006 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:16479018 |
Nakahata Y et al. | The in vitro real-time oscillation monitoring system identifies potential entrainment factors for circadian clocks. | 2006 | BMC Mol. Biol. | pmid:16483373 |
Damrongsri D et al. | Effects of Delta12-prostaglandin J2 on bone regeneration and growth factor expression in rats. | 2006 | Clin Oral Implants Res | pmid:16441784 |
Mesquita-Santos FP et al. | Cutting edge: prostaglandin D2 enhances leukotriene C4 synthesis by eosinophils during allergic inflammation: synergistic in vivo role of endogenous eotaxin. | 2006 | J. Immunol. | pmid:16424158 |
MartÃn AR et al. | The effects of resveratrol, a phytoalexin derived from red wines, on chronic inflammation induced in an experimentally induced colitis model. | 2006 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:16474422 |
Kang HY et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-gamma activator, ciglitazone, inhibits human melanocyte growth through induction of apoptosis. | 2006 | Arch. Dermatol. Res. | pmid:16474974 |
Schröder O et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits the expression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase type 2 in colon cancer cells. | 2006 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:16495511 |
King VL et al. | Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition with celecoxib decreases angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in mice. | 2006 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:16514081 |
Ray DM et al. | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 and ciglitazone induce human B lymphocyte and B cell lymphoma apoptosis by PPARgamma-independent mechanisms. | 2006 | J. Immunol. | pmid:17015690 |
Ulven T and Kostenis E | Targeting the prostaglandin D2 receptors DP and CRTH2 for treatment of inflammation. | 2006 | Curr Top Med Chem | pmid:16918458 |
Theiner G et al. | The mast cell mediator PGD2 suppresses IL-12 release by dendritic cells leading to Th2 polarized immune responses in vivo. | 2006 | Immunobiology | pmid:16920486 |
Urade Y and Mohri I | [Sleep and brain function]. | 2006 | No To Hattatsu | pmid:16986732 |
Kim EH and Surh YJ | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 as a potential endogenous regulator of redox-sensitive transcription factors. | 2006 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:16987499 |
Diaz BL et al. | Group V secretory phospholipase A2 amplifies the induction of cyclooxygenase 2 and delayed prostaglandin D2 generation in mouse bone marrow culture-derived mast cells in a strain-dependent manner. | 2006 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:17064958 |
Qin S et al. | Protection of RPE cells from oxidative injury by 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 by augmenting GSH and activating MAPK. | 2006 | Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. | pmid:17065531 |
Gyles SL et al. | A dominant role for chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T helper type 2 (Th2) cells (CRTH2) in mediating chemotaxis of CRTH2+ CD4+ Th2 lymphocytes in response to mast cell supernatants. | 2006 | Immunology | pmid:17067313 |