Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Li H and Narahara H | 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) induces growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human endometrial cancer cell lines. | 2013 | Int. J. Mol. Med. | pmid:23403520 |
Murata T et al. | Anti-inflammatory role of PGD2 in acute lung inflammation and therapeutic application of its signal enhancement. | 2013 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:23479612 |
Jabr S et al. | Quantification of major urinary metabolites of PGE2 and PGD2 in cystic fibrosis: correlation with disease severity. | 2013 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:23791427 |
Rahman MS et al. | Cultured preadipocytes undergoing stable transfection with cyclooxygenase-1 in the antisense direction accelerate adipogenesis during the maturation phase of adipocytes. | 2013 | Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. | pmid:23817787 |
Aldrovandi M et al. | Human platelets generate phospholipid-esterified prostaglandins via cyclooxygenase-1 that are inhibited by low dose aspirin supplementation. | 2013 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:23883581 |
Fujishima H et al. | Chemotactic responses of peripheral blood eosinophils to prostaglandin D2 in atopic keratoconjunctivitis. | 2013 | Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. | pmid:23886231 |
Lu Y et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) modulates lipopolysaccharide-induced chemokine expression by blocking nuclear factor-κB activation via peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ-independent mechanism in renal tubular epithelial cells. | 2013 | Nephron Exp. Nephrol. | pmid:23887394 |
Takayama F et al. | Possible involvement of aiPLA2 in the phosphatidylserine-containing liposomes induced production of PGE2 and PGD2 in microglia. | 2013 | J. Neuroimmunol. | pmid:23850486 |
Nakagawa T et al. | A prostaglandin D2 metabolite is elevated in the urine of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients and increases further from 8 years old. | 2013 | Clin. Chim. Acta | pmid:23603101 |
Dave M and Amin AR | Yin-Yang regulation of prostaglandins and nitric oxide by PGD2 in human arthritis: reversal by celecoxib. | 2013 | Immunol. Lett. | pmid:23603366 |
Marcone S and Fitzgerald DJ | Proteomic identification of the candidate target proteins of 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2013 | Proteomics | pmid:23606334 |
Tasaki M et al. | Inhibition of antigen-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs by a selective antagonist of "chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells" (CRTH2). | 2013 | Eur J Pharm Sci | pmid:23624353 |
Taketomi Y et al. | Mast cell maturation is driven via a group III phospholipase A2-prostaglandin D2-DP1 receptor paracrine axis. | 2013 | Nat. Immunol. | pmid:23624557 |
Fernandez-Bustamante A et al. | Early increase in alveolar macrophage prostaglandin 15d-PGJ2 precedes neutrophil recruitment into lungs of cytokine-insufflated rats. | 2013 | Inflammation | pmid:23616184 |
Shyu RY et al. | H-rev107 regulates prostaglandin D2 synthase-mediated suppression of cellular invasion in testicular cancer cells. | 2013 | J. Biomed. Sci. | pmid:23687991 |
Hau CS et al. | Suppressive effects of antimycotics on thymic stromal lymphopoietin production in human keratinocytes. | 2013 | J. Dermatol. Sci. | pmid:23688403 |
Starkl P et al. | PLA2G3 promotes mast cell maturation and function. | 2013 | Nat. Immunol. | pmid:23685814 |
Sánchez-Gómez FJ et al. | Modulation of GSTP1-1 oligomerization by electrophilic inflammatory mediators and reactive drugs. | 2013 | Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets | pmid:23596995 |
Kobayashi K et al. | Prostaglandin D2-DP signaling promotes endothelial barrier function via the cAMP/PKA/Tiam1/Rac1 pathway. | 2013 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:23307871 |
Xu F et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist 15d-prostaglandin J2 mediates neuronal autophagy after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. | 2013 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23372817 |
Sykes L et al. | The CRTH2 agonist Pyl A prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced fetal death but induces preterm labour. | 2013 | Immunology | pmid:23374103 |
Nelson AM et al. | Prostaglandin D2 inhibits wound-induced hair follicle neogenesis through the receptor, Gpr44. | 2013 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:23190891 |
Kaikkonen S et al. | Prostaglandin 15d-PGJ(2) inhibits androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer cells. | 2013 | Mol. Endocrinol. | pmid:23192983 |
Schmidt JA et al. | Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of AZD1981, an orally available selective DP2 antagonist in clinical development for asthma. | 2013 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:23146091 |
Aukema HM et al. | Dietary fish oil reduces glomerular injury and elevated renal hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid levels in the JCR:LA-cp rat, a model of the metabolic syndrome. | 2013 | Br. J. Nutr. | pmid:23151363 |
Frieri M et al. | Mast cell activation syndrome: a review. | 2013 | Curr Allergy Asthma Rep | pmid:23179866 |
Shashni B et al. | Glycolytic enzymes PGK1 and PKM2 as novel transcriptional targets of PPARγ in breast cancer pathophysiology. | 2013 | J Drug Target | pmid:23130662 |
Abraki SB et al. | Simultaneous inhibition of COX-2 and activation of PPAR-γ resulted in the same level and pattern of neuroprotection as they were targeted separately. | 2013 | J. Mol. Neurosci. | pmid:23132402 |
Shin J et al. | Negative control of mast cell degranulation and the anaphylactic response by the phosphatase lipin1. | 2013 | Eur. J. Immunol. | pmid:23065777 |
Zhao G et al. | Pivotal role of reactive oxygen species in differential regulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandins production in macrophages. | 2013 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:23071105 |
Philibert P et al. | Unilateral cryptorchidism in mice mutant for Ptgds. | 2013 | Hum. Mutat. | pmid:23076868 |
Kataoka N et al. | Indomethacin inhibits eosinophil migration to prostaglandin D2 : therapeutic potential of CRTH2 desensitization for eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. | 2013 | Immunology | pmid:23582181 |
Buckner MM et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits macrophage colonization by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. | 2013 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23922794 |
Huisingh C and McGwin G | Change in prostaglandin expression levels and synthesizing activities. | 2013 | Ophthalmology | pmid:24001535 |
Rim TH et al. | Author reply: To PMID 22858125. | 2013 | Ophthalmology | pmid:24001536 |
Kaur R et al. | A phenotypic screening approach in cord blood-derived mast cells to identify anti-inflammatory compounds. | 2013 | J Biomol Screen | pmid:23983232 |
Liu H et al. | Prostaglandin D2 toxicity in primary neurons is mediated through its bioactive cyclopentenone metabolites. | 2013 | Neurotoxicology | pmid:23973622 |
Bogacka I et al. | The involvement of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) in prostaglandin F2α production by porcine endometrium. | 2013 | Reprod Biol | pmid:24287039 |
Mruwat R et al. | Phospholipase A2 in experimental allergic bronchitis: a lesson from mouse and rat models. | 2013 | PLoS ONE | pmid:24204651 |
Liu L et al. | Inhibition of oxidative stress-elicited AKT activation facilitates PPARγ agonist-mediated inhibition of stem cell character and tumor growth of liver cancer cells. | 2013 | PLoS ONE | pmid:24023668 |
Harizi H | The immunobiology of prostanoid receptor signaling in connecting innate and adaptive immunity. | 2013 | Biomed Res Int | pmid:24024207 |
Kim KH et al. | Nrf2 is essential for the expression of lipocalin-prostaglandin D synthase induced by prostaglandin D2. | 2013 | Free Radic. Biol. Med. | pmid:24029383 |
Endo S et al. | Rabbit 3-hydroxyhexobarbital dehydrogenase is a NADPH-preferring reductase with broad substrate specificity for ketosteroids, prostaglandin Dâ‚‚, and other endogenous and xenobiotic carbonyl compounds. | 2013 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:23994167 |
Quan GH et al. | Anti-allergic flavones from Arthraxon hispidus. | 2013 | Chem. Pharm. Bull. | pmid:23995356 |
Sharvit E et al. | Amplified inhibition of stellate cell activation pathways by PPAR-γ, RAR and RXR agonists. | 2013 | PLoS ONE | pmid:24098526 |
Alhouayek M et al. | Implication of the anti-inflammatory bioactive lipid prostaglandin D2-glycerol ester in the control of macrophage activation and inflammation by ABHD6. | 2013 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:24101490 |
Brose SA and Golovko MY | Eicosanoid post-mortem induction in kidney tissue is prevented by microwave irradiation. | 2013 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:24113545 |
Sayers BC et al. | Role of cyclooxygenase-2 in exacerbation of allergen-induced airway remodeling by multiwalled carbon nanotubes. | 2013 | Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. | pmid:23642096 |
Tan BS et al. | 6-Shogaol inhibits breast and colon cancer cell proliferation through activation of peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ). | 2013 | Cancer Lett. | pmid:23612072 |
Yaacob NS et al. | Influence of 17β-estradiol on 15-deoxy-δ12,14 prostaglandin J2 -induced apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. | 2013 | Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. | pmid:24377602 |
Chi Y et al. | [Effect of 15-deoxy-Δ(12), 14-prostaglandin J2 on the cytokines in the culture supernatant of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells]. | 2013 | Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi | pmid:24370048 |
Bolton C et al. | N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor involvement in central nervous system prostaglandin production during the relapse phase of chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (CR EAE). | 2013 | Fundam Clin Pharmacol | pmid:22742874 |
Kattamuri PV et al. | Asymmetric synthesis of novel N-(1-phenyl-2,3-dihydroxypropyl)arachidonylamides and evaluation of their anti-inflammatory activity. | 2013 | Life Sci. | pmid:22820546 |
Parson HK et al. | Role of prostaglandin D2 and the autonomic nervous system in niacin-induced flushing. | 2013 | J Diabetes | pmid:22727040 |
Wu D et al. | Novel biphasic role of resolvin D1 on expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated lung fibroblasts is partly through PI3K/AKT and ERK2 pathways. | 2013 | Mediators Inflamm. | pmid:24174713 |
Choi HG et al. | Inhibition of prostaglandin Dâ‚‚ production by trihydroxy fatty acids isolated from Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. | 2013 | Phytother Res | pmid:23147809 |
Idborg H et al. | Effects of mPGES-1 deletion on eicosanoid and fatty acid profiles in mice. | 2013 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:23916744 |
Yang G et al. | Systemic PPARγ deletion impairs circadian rhythms of behavior and metabolism. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:22899986 |
Wang P et al. | The antagonistic actions of endogenous interleukin-1β and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 regulate the temporal synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in sheared chondrocytes. | 2012 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:22829602 |
Nicholson JD et al. | PGJ(2) provides prolonged CNS stroke protection by reducing white matter edema. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23284631 |
Xiao L et al. | Lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 mediates late-phase PGE2 production in bone marrow derived macrophages. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23226252 |
Sykes L et al. | Chemoattractant receptor homologous to the T helper 2 cell (CRTH2) is not expressed in human amniocytes and myocytes. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23226366 |
Yamaura K et al. | Repeated application of glucocorticoids exacerbate pruritus via inhibition of prostaglandin D2 production of mast cells in a murine model of allergic contact dermatitis. | 2012 | J Toxicol Sci | pmid:23208428 |
Wang Y et al. | Optimization of phenylacetic acid derivatives for CRTH2 and DP selective antagonism. | 2012 | Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. | pmid:22119474 |
Hossain MS et al. | Stable expression of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase in cultured preadipocytes impairs adipogenesis program independently of endogenous prostanoids. | 2012 | Exp. Cell Res. | pmid:22100987 |
Maicas N et al. | Prostaglandin D2 regulates joint inflammation and destruction in murine collagen-induced arthritis. | 2012 | Arthritis Rheum. | pmid:21898357 |
Kanakasabai S et al. | PPARγ agonists promote oligodendrocyte differentiation of neural stem cells by modulating stemness and differentiation genes. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23185633 |
Kaneko K et al. | Novel orexigenic pathway prostaglandin D2-NPY system--involvement in orally active orexigenic δ opioid peptide. | 2012 | Neuropeptides | pmid:23141054 |
Sedej M et al. | D-type prostanoid receptor enhances the signaling of chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T(H)2 cells. | 2012 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:21930295 |
Higuchi S et al. | Involvement of Th2 cytokines in the mouse model of flutamide-induced acute liver injury. | 2012 | J Appl Toxicol | pmid:21735453 |
Springstead JR et al. | Evidence for the importance of OxPAPC interaction with cysteines in regulating endothelial cell function. | 2012 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:22550136 |
Xue L et al. | Leukotriene E4 activates human Th2 cells for exaggerated proinflammatory cytokine production in response to prostaglandin D2. | 2012 | J. Immunol. | pmid:22174450 |
Lee E et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J₂ modulates manganese-induced activation of the NF-κB, Nrf2, and PI3K pathways in astrocytes. | 2012 | Free Radic. Biol. Med. | pmid:22245093 |
Lee S et al. | Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase protein regulates glial cell migration and morphology through myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate: prostaglandin D2-independent effects. | 2012 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:22275363 |
Ledwidge MT et al. | In vivo impact of prodrug isosorbide-5-nicotinate-2-aspirinate on lipids and prostaglandin D2: is this a new immediate-release therapeutic option for niacin? | 2012 | Atherosclerosis | pmid:22326030 |
Baek K et al. | Myeloid Elf-1-like factor stimulates adipogenic differentiation through the induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression in bone marrow. | 2012 | J. Cell. Physiol. | pmid:22307523 |
MartÃnez AE et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 exerts pro- and anti-inflammatory effects in mesangial cells in a concentration-dependent manner. | 2012 | Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets | pmid:22309084 |
Fujita M et al. | Cytotoxicity of 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) through PPARγ-independent pathway and the involvement of the JNK and Akt pathway in renal cell carcinoma. | 2012 | Int J Med Sci | pmid:22991494 |
Ito H et al. | PGD2-CRTH2 pathway promotes tubulointerstitial fibrosis. | 2012 | J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. | pmid:22997255 |
Wu CC et al. | Involvement of the prostaglandin D2 signal pathway in retinoid-inducible gene 1 (RIG1)-mediated suppression of cell invasion in testis cancer cells. | 2012 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:22960220 |
Song HH et al. | Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effect of Agaricus blazei extract in bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2012 | Am. J. Chin. Med. | pmid:22928836 |
Tachikawa M et al. | A clearance system for prostaglandin D2, a sleep-promoting factor, in cerebrospinal fluid: role of the blood-cerebrospinal barrier transporters. | 2012 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:22931759 |
Fredman G et al. | Self-limited versus delayed resolution of acute inflammation: temporal regulation of pro-resolving mediators and microRNA. | 2012 | Sci Rep | pmid:22957142 |
Matzkin ME et al. | Exploring the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)/15d-Δ(12,14)PGJ(2) system in hamster Sertoli cells: regulation by FSH/testosterone and relevance to glucose uptake. | 2012 | Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. | pmid:22974512 |
Myeku N et al. | cAMP stimulates the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway in rat spinal cord neurons. | 2012 | Neurosci. Lett. | pmid:22982149 |
Mechiche H et al. | Prostanoid receptors involved in regulation of the beating rate of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:22984630 |
Shim J et al. | Change in prostaglandin expression levels and synthesizing activities in dry eye disease. | 2012 | Ophthalmology | pmid:22858125 |
Weng Z et al. | Quercetin is more effective than cromolyn in blocking human mast cell cytokine release and inhibits contact dermatitis and photosensitivity in humans. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:22470478 |
Takahashi G et al. | The potential role of prostaglandin D2 in nasal congestion observed in a guinea pig model of allergic rhinitis. | 2012 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:22472859 |
Abdo H et al. | The omega-6 fatty acid derivative 15-deoxy-Δ¹²,¹â´-prostaglandin J2 is involved in neuroprotection by enteric glial cells against oxidative stress. | 2012 | J. Physiol. (Lond.) | pmid:22473776 |
Ji Y et al. | Activation of rat intestinal mucosal mast cells by fat absorption. | 2012 | Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. | pmid:22461027 |
Kim SE et al. | 15-deoxy-Δ¹²,¹ⴠ-prostaglandin J₂ inhibits human immunodeficiency virus-1 tat-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/CCL2 production by blocking the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 signaling pathway independently of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and heme oxygenase-1 in rat hippocampal slices. | 2012 | J. Neurosci. Res. | pmid:22487967 |
Garza LA et al. | Prostaglandin D2 inhibits hair growth and is elevated in bald scalp of men with androgenetic alopecia. | 2012 | Sci Transl Med | pmid:22440736 |
Cloutier A et al. | The prostanoid 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin-j2 reduces lung inflammation and protects mice against lethal influenza infection. | 2012 | J. Infect. Dis. | pmid:22219346 |
Sykes L et al. | Changes in the Th1:Th2 cytokine bias in pregnancy and the effects of the anti-inflammatory cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2. | 2012 | Mediators Inflamm. | pmid:22690041 |
Raman P et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ¹²,¹â´-prostaglandin Jâ‚‚-glycerol, a putative metabolite of 2-arachidonyl glycerol and a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ligand, modulates nuclear factor of activated T cells. | 2012 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:22700433 |
Cao DS et al. | Expression of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and its role in insulin release from rat pancreatic beta cells. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:22701540 |
Yue L et al. | Prostaglandin D2 induces apoptosis of human osteoclasts by activating the CRTH2 receptor and the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. | 2012 | Bone | pmid:22705147 |
Napimoga MH et al. | Exogenous administration of 15d-PGJ2-loaded nanocapsules inhibits bone resorption in a mouse periodontitis model. | 2012 | J. Immunol. | pmid:22706081 |
Philipose S et al. | Laropiprant attenuates EP3 and TP prostanoid receptor-mediated thrombus formation. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:22870195 |