Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Mor A et al. | Inhibitory effect of farnesylthiosalicylic acid on mediators release by mast cells: preferential inhibition of prostaglandin D(2) and tumor necrosis factor-α release. | 2011 | Inflammation | pmid:20706780 |
Balzar S et al. | Mast cell phenotype, location, and activation in severe asthma. Data from the Severe Asthma Research Program. | 2011 | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | pmid:20813890 |
Mathurin K et al. | An interaction between L-prostaglandin D synthase and arrestin increases PGD2 production. | 2011 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:21112970 |
Wingard CJ et al. | Mast cells contribute to altered vascular reactivity and ischemia-reperfusion injury following cerium oxide nanoparticle instillation. | 2011 | Nanotoxicology | pmid:21043986 |
Joachim A and Ruttkowski B | Prostaglandin D(2) synthesis in Oesophagostomum dentatum is mediated by cytosolic glutathione S-transferase. | 2011 | Exp. Parasitol. | pmid:21056037 |
Lotz C et al. | Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ mediates the second window of anaesthetic-induced preconditioning. | 2011 | Exp. Physiol. | pmid:21123361 |
Tsujita T et al. | Nitro-fatty acids and cyclopentenone prostaglandins share strategies to activate the Keap1-Nrf2 system: a study using green fluorescent protein transgenic zebrafish. | 2011 | Genes Cells | pmid:21143560 |
Neri T et al. | Role of NF-kappaB and PPAR-gamma in lung inflammation induced by monocyte-derived microparticles. | 2011 | Eur. Respir. J. | pmid:21148223 |
Kumar VB et al. | Angiogenic effect of laminin involves modulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin levels. | 2011 | Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) | pmid:21148739 |
Maekawa N et al. | High-performance affinity purification for identification of 15-deoxy-Δ 12,14 -PGJ₂ interacting factors using magnetic nanobeads. | 2011 | Biomed. Chromatogr. | pmid:21374648 |
Kane CJ et al. | Protection of neurons and microglia against ethanol in a mouse model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonists. | 2011 | Brain Behav. Immun. | pmid:21376806 |
Arima M and Fukuda T | Prostaglandin Dâ‚‚ and T(H)2 inflammation in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. | 2011 | Korean J. Intern. Med. | pmid:21437156 |
MartÃnez-Gras I et al. | The anti-inflammatory prostaglandin 15d-PGJ2 and its nuclear receptor PPARgamma are decreased in schizophrenia. | 2011 | Schizophr. Res. | pmid:21334179 |
Zhao J et al. | Age-related increases in PGD(2) expression impair respiratory DC migration, resulting in diminished T cell responses upon respiratory virus infection in mice. | 2011 | J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:22105170 |
Chbicheb S et al. | EGR1 expression: a calcium and ERK1/2 mediated PPARγ-independent event involved in the antiproliferative effect of 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 and thiazolidinediones in breast cancer cells. | 2011 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:21338579 |
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Qiu Z et al. | Cough reflex sensitivity and airway inflammation in patients with chronic cough due to non-acid gastro-oesophageal reflux. | 2011 | Respirology | pmid:21342332 |
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Yamamoto Y et al. | Proteomic identification of protein targets for 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 in neuronal plasma membrane. | 2011 | PLoS ONE | pmid:21445266 |
Mackay GA and Stewart AG | R2D(2) for C(4)Eo: an 'alliance' of PGD(2) receptors is required for LTC(4) production by human eosinophils. | 2011 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:21426314 |
Huang ZL et al. | The role of adenosine in the regulation of sleep. | 2011 | Curr Top Med Chem | pmid:21401496 |
Osanai T and Okumura K | Lipocalin-type PGD synthase as a novel biomarker for coronary vasospasm. | 2011 | Circ. J. | pmid:21378446 |
Du H et al. | Inhibition of COX-2 expression by endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol is mediated via PPAR-γ. | 2011 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:21501147 |
Varma D et al. | Comparison of UHPLC and HPLC methods for the assay of prostanoids: "are the methods equivalent in terms of accuracy and precision?". | 2011 | Bioanalysis | pmid:21510759 |
Kamauchi S and Urade Y | [Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase inhibitors for the treatment of duchenne muscular dystrophy]. | 2011 | Brain Nerve | pmid:22068479 |
Flachs P et al. | Synergistic induction of lipid catabolism and anti-inflammatory lipids in white fat of dietary obese mice in response to calorie restriction and n-3 fatty acids. | 2011 | Diabetologia | pmid:21779874 |
Raman P et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2-glycerol ester, a putative metabolite of 2-arachidonyl glycerol, activates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma. | 2011 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:21511917 |
Leamy AW et al. | Curcumin ((E,E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione) activates and desensitizes the nociceptor ion channel TRPA1. | 2011 | Neurosci. Lett. | pmid:21855605 |
Lin TH et al. | 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14) -prostaglandin-J2 and ciglitazone inhibit TNF-α-induced matrix metalloproteinase 13 production via the antagonism of NF-κB activation in human synovial fibroblasts. | 2011 | J. Cell. Physiol. | pmid:21344384 |
Zheng S et al. | Novel biphasic role of LipoxinA(4) on expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated lung fibroblasts. | 2011 | Mediators Inflamm. | pmid:21765620 |
Hernandez JM and Janssen LJ | Thromboxane prostanoid receptor activation amplifies airway stretch-activated contractions assessed in perfused intact bovine bronchial segments. | 2011 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:21768224 |
Tanaka A et al. | Mast cells function as an alternative modulator of adipogenesis through 15-deoxy-delta-12, 14-prostaglandin J2. | 2011 | Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. | pmid:21865589 |
Kitz K et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 induces Cox-2 expression in human osteosarcoma cells through MAPK and EGFR activation involving reactive oxygen species. | 2011 | Free Radic. Biol. Med. | pmid:21236332 |
Hossain MS et al. | Development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Δ12-prostaglandin J2 and its application to the measurement of the endogenous product generated by cultured adipocytes during the maturation phase. | 2011 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:21237281 |
Aung G et al. | Catestatin, a neuroendocrine antimicrobial peptide, induces human mast cell migration, degranulation and production of cytokines and chemokines. | 2011 | Immunology | pmid:21214543 |
Chowdhury AA et al. | Sustained expression of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase in the antisense direction positively regulates adipogenesis in cloned cultured preadipocytes. | 2011 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:21726533 |
Hovsepian E et al. | Modulation of inflammatory response and parasitism by 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14) prostaglandin J(2) in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected cardiomyocytes. | 2011 | Int. J. Parasitol. | pmid:21215746 |
Song NY et al. | Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 mediates 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2-induced expression of glutamate cysteine ligase expression via Nrf2 signaling in human breast cancer cells. | 2011 | Chem. Res. Toxicol. | pmid:21728338 |
Lotz C et al. | Activation of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors α and γ mediates remote ischemic preconditioning against myocardial infarction in vivo. | 2011 | Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) | pmid:21163821 |
Charles RL et al. | Redox regulation of soluble epoxide hydrolase by 15-deoxy-delta-prostaglandin J2 controls coronary hypoxic vasodilation. | 2011 | Circ. Res. | pmid:21164107 |
Eguchi M et al. | Lipopolysaccharide induces proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in experimental otitis media through the prostaglandin D2 receptor (DP)-dependent pathway. | 2011 | Clin. Exp. Immunol. | pmid:21166666 |
Oh YC et al. | Anti-allergic effects of sinomenine by inhibition of prostaglandin Dâ‚‚ and leukotriene Câ‚„ in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2011 | Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol | pmid:21080779 |
Cichocka-Jarosz E et al. | Serum tryptase level is a better predictor of systemic side effects than prostaglandin D2 metabolites during venom immunotherapy in children. | 2011 | J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol | pmid:21721371 |
Nabe T et al. | Inhibition of hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase improves allergic nasal blockage in guinea pigs. | 2011 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:21601002 |
Joos H et al. | Single impact trauma in human early-stage osteoarthritic cartilage: implication of prostaglandin D2 but no additive effect of IL-1β on cell survival. | 2011 | Int. J. Mol. Med. | pmid:21567074 |
Shao Z et al. | Choroidal involution is a key component of oxygen-induced retinopathy. | 2011 | Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. | pmid:21546530 |
Ji Y et al. | Nutrient-induced inflammation in the intestine. | 2011 | Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care | pmid:21587069 |
Jakob S and Lovell-Badge R | Sex determination and the control of Sox9 expression in mammals. | 2011 | FEBS J. | pmid:21281448 |
Hardy KD et al. | Nonenzymatic free radical-catalyzed generation of 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J₂-like compounds (deoxy-J₂-isoprostanes) in vivo. | 2011 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:20944061 |
Matsushima Y et al. | Distinct roles of prostaglandin D2 receptors in chronic skin inflammation. | 2011 | Mol. Immunol. | pmid:21943706 |
Shinozawa T et al. | Tetranor PGDM analyses for the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: positive and simple diagnosis and evaluation of drug effect. | 2011 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:22027143 |
Chang MC et al. | Antiplatelet effect by p-cresol, a uremic and environmental toxicant, is related to inhibition of reactive oxygen species, ERK/p38 signaling and thromboxane A2 production. | 2011 | Atherosclerosis | pmid:21993412 |
de Jong E et al. | Anticancer effects of 15d-prostaglandin-J2 in wild-type and doxorubicin-resistant ovarian cancer cells: novel actions on SIRT1 and HDAC. | 2011 | PLoS ONE | pmid:21957481 |
Jin M et al. | Anti-inflammatory activity of 6-hydroxy-2,7-dimethoxy-1,4-henanthraquinone from tuberous roots of yam (Dioscorea batatas) through inhibition of prostaglandin Dâ‚‚ and leukotriene Câ‚„ production in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2011 | Arch. Pharm. Res. | pmid:21975811 |
Urade Y and Hayaishi O | Prostaglandin D2 and sleep/wake regulation. | 2011 | Sleep Med Rev | pmid:22024172 |
Wan CJ et al. | [PPARgamma agonists against respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro study]. | 2011 | Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi | pmid:22734242 |
Wang P et al. | Response of chondrocytes to shear stress: antagonistic effects of the binding partners Toll-like receptor 4 and caveolin-1. | 2011 | FASEB J. | pmid:21715681 |
Ahmed SR et al. | Prostaglandin D2 regulates CD4+ memory T cell trafficking across blood vascular endothelium and primes these cells for clearance across lymphatic endothelium. | 2011 | J. Immunol. | pmid:21715691 |
Yu R et al. | Competitive enzymatic interactions determine the relative amounts of prostaglandins E2 and D2. | 2011 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:21865441 |
Koyama J et al. | Simultaneous determination of histamine and prostaglandin D2 using an LC-ESI-MS/MS method with positive/negative ion-switching ionization modes: application to the study of anti-allergic flavonoids on the degranulation of KU812 cells. | 2011 | Anal Bioanal Chem | pmid:21725829 |
Galvão Nascimento N et al. | Contribution of mast cells to the oedema induced by Bothrops moojeni snake venom and a pharmacological assessment of the inflammatory mediators involved. | 2010 Feb-Mar | Toxicon | pmid:19703484 |
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Ahmad AS et al. | Prostaglandin D2 DP1 receptor is beneficial in ischemic stroke and in acute exicitotoxicity in young and old mice. | 2010 | Age (Dordr) | pmid:20640551 |
Shah S et al. | Efficacy and safety of extended-release niacin/laropiprant plus statin vs. doubling the dose of statin in patients with primary hypercholesterolaemia or mixed dyslipidaemia. | 2010 | Int. J. Clin. Pract. | pmid:20518948 |
Genovese A et al. | Human cardiac mast cells in anaphylaxis. | 2010 | Chem Immunol Allergy | pmid:20519884 |
Diers AR et al. | Modulation of mammary cancer cell migration by 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2): implications for anti-metastatic therapy. | 2010 | Biochem. J. | pmid:20536428 |
Vong L et al. | A pro-resolution mediator, prostaglandin D(2), is specifically up-regulated in individuals in long-term remission from ulcerative colitis. | 2010 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:20547854 |
Lehmann GM et al. | Novel anti-adipogenic activity produced by human fibroblasts. | 2010 | Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. | pmid:20554910 |
Schuligoi R et al. | CRTH2 and D-type prostanoid receptor antagonists as novel therapeutic agents for inflammatory diseases. | 2010 | Pharmacology | pmid:20559016 |
Kaur S et al. | Induction of prostaglandin D2 through the p38 MAPK pathway is responsible for the antipruritic activity of sertaconazole nitrate. | 2010 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:20505747 |
Rodrigues WF et al. | 15d-PGJ(2) modulates acute immune responses to Trypanosoma cruzi infection. | 2010 | Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz | pmid:20428671 |
Blancou P and Anegon I | Editorial: Heme oxygenase-1 and dendritic cells: what else? | 2010 | J. Leukoc. Biol. | pmid:20123679 |
Nørregaard R et al. | Urinary tract obstruction induces transient accumulation of COX-2-derived prostanoids in kidney tissue. | 2010 | Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. | pmid:20147610 |
Dionne S et al. | PPARgamma ligand 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 sensitizes human colon carcinoma cells to TWEAK-induced apoptosis. | 2010 | Anticancer Res. | pmid:20150631 |
Zhu F et al. | Prostaglandin (PG)D(2) and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2), but not PGE(2), mediate shear-induced chondrocyte apoptosis via protein kinase A-dependent regulation of polo-like kinases. | 2010 | Cell Death Differ. | pmid:20150912 |
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Pérez-Nievas BG et al. | Chronic immobilisation stress ameliorates clinical score and neuroinflammation in a MOG-induced EAE in Dark Agouti rats: mechanisms implicated. | 2010 | J Neuroinflammation | pmid:20929574 |
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Bancos S et al. | Induction of heme oxygenase-1 in normal and malignant B lymphocytes by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) requires Nrf2. | 2010 | Cell. Immunol. | pmid:20064636 |
Pacienza N et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of haematopoietic progenitors. | 2010 | Br. J. Haematol. | pmid:19764987 |
Oh YC et al. | Anti-allergic activity of a platycodon root ethanol extract. | 2010 | Int J Mol Sci | pmid:20717534 |
Cerrato S et al. | Effects of palmitoylethanolamide on immunologically induced histamine, PGD2 and TNFalpha release from canine skin mast cells. | 2010 | Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. | pmid:19625089 |
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Diers AR et al. | Mitochondrial targeting of the electrophilic lipid 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 increases apoptotic efficacy via redox cell signalling mechanisms. | 2010 | Biochem. J. | pmid:19916962 |
Morgenweck J et al. | Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in brain inhibits inflammatory pain, dorsal horn expression of Fos, and local edema. | 2010 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:19891980 |
Liu JY et al. | Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase enhances the anti-inflammatory effects of aspirin and 5-lipoxygenase activation protein inhibitor in a murine model. | 2010 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:19896470 |
Shimura C et al. | Dendritic cells express hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase and function as a source of prostaglandin D2 in the skin. | 2010 | Am. J. Pathol. | pmid:20008150 |
Yamaguchi S et al. | Delta12-prostaglandin J2 as a product and ligand of human serum albumin: formation of an unusual covalent adduct at His146. | 2010 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. | pmid:20014793 |
Lin TH et al. | Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 inhibits the maturation and mineralization of osteoblasts. | 2010 | J. Cell. Physiol. | pmid:20020468 |
Hovsepian E et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14 prostaglandin GJ2 but not rosiglitazone regulates metalloproteinase 9, NOS-2, and cyclooxygenase 2 expression and functions by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-dependent and -independent mechanisms in cardiac cells. | 2010 | Shock | pmid:19997048 |
Théoleyre S et al. | HtrA3 is regulated by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 independently of PPARgamma in clear cell renal cell carcinomas. | 2010 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:19951697 |