Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Walusinski O | How yawning switches the default-mode network to the attentional network by activating the cerebrospinal fluid flow. | 2014 | Clin Anat | pmid:23813685 |
Korolczuk A et al. | The role of peroxisome-proliferator-activating receptor gamma agonists: rosiglitazone and 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in chronic experimental cyclosporine A-induced nephrotoxicity. | 2014 | J. Physiol. Pharmacol. | pmid:25554991 |
Isensee J et al. | Subgroup-elimination transcriptomics identifies signaling proteins that define subclasses of TRPV1-positive neurons and a novel paracrine circuit. | 2014 | PLoS ONE | pmid:25551770 |
Gonzalez-Rodriguez PJ et al. | Dexamethasone protects neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury via L-PGDS-dependent PGD2-DP1-pERK signaling pathway. | 2014 | PLoS ONE | pmid:25474649 |
Kurzynska A et al. | Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ligands affect progesterone and 17β-estradiol secretion by porcine corpus luteum during early pregnancy. | 2014 | J. Physiol. Pharmacol. | pmid:25371531 |
Tsubosaka Y et al. | A deficiency in the prostaglandin D2 receptor CRTH2 exacerbates adjuvant-induced joint inflammation. | 2014 | J. Immunol. | pmid:25362177 |
Korbecki J et al. | Cyclooxygenase pathways. | 2014 | Acta Biochim. Pol. | pmid:25343148 |
Miller NR et al. | Sustained neuroprotection from a single intravitreal injection of PGJâ‚‚ in a nonhuman primate model of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. | 2014 | Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. | pmid:25298416 |
Samikkannu T et al. | Immunopathogenesis of HIV infection in cocaine users: role of arachidonic acid. | 2014 | PLoS ONE | pmid:25171226 |
Cantley JL et al. | Targeting steroid receptor coactivator 1 with antisense oligonucleotides increases insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake in chow-fed and high-fat-fed male rats. | 2014 | Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. | pmid:25159329 |
Savinainen JR et al. | Robust hydrolysis of prostaglandin glycerol esters by human monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). | 2014 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:25140003 |
Dichlberger A et al. | Adipose triglyceride lipase regulates eicosanoid production in activated human mast cells. | 2014 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:25114172 |
Schäfer D et al. | Prostaglandin D2-supplemented "functional eicosanoid testing and typing" assay with peripheral blood leukocytes as a new tool in the diagnosis of systemic mast cell activation disease: an explorative diagnostic study. | 2014 | J Transl Med | pmid:25113638 |
Huang HL et al. | 18F-glutathione conjugate as a PET tracer for imaging tumors that overexpress L-PGDS enzyme. | 2014 | PLoS ONE | pmid:25111383 |
Wasinger C et al. | Autocrine secretion of 15d-PGJ2 mediates simvastatin-induced apoptotic burst in human metastatic melanoma cells. | 2014 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:25091578 |
Elremaly W et al. | Ascorbylperoxide from parenteral nutrition induces an increase of redox potential of glutathione and loss of alveoli in newborn guinea pig lungs. | 2014 | Redox Biol | pmid:25009773 |
Paakinaho V et al. | Electrophilic lipid mediator 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin j2 modifies glucocorticoid signaling via receptor SUMOylation. | 2014 | Mol. Cell. Biol. | pmid:24980431 |
Cichocka-Jarosz E et al. | Impact of Hymenoptera venom allergy and the effects of specific venom immunotherapy on mast cell metabolites in sensitized children. | 2014 | Ann Agric Environ Med | pmid:24959779 |
Mantel A et al. | Aldo-keto reductase 1C3 is overexpressed in skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and affects SCC growth via prostaglandin metabolism. | 2014 | Exp. Dermatol. | pmid:24917395 |
Tang J et al. | Aspirin treatment improved mesenchymal stem cell immunomodulatory properties via the 15d-PGJ2/PPARγ/TGF-β1 pathway. | 2014 | Stem Cells Dev. | pmid:24730450 |
Tippin BL et al. | Intestinal tumor suppression in ApcMin/+ mice by prostaglandin D2 receptor PTGDR. | 2014 | Cancer Med | pmid:24729479 |
Koyani CN et al. | 15-deoxy-Δ¹²,¹â´-PGJâ‚‚ promotes inflammation and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes via the DP2/MAPK/TNFα axis. | 2014 | Int. J. Cardiol. | pmid:24698234 |
Jeon KI et al. | Inhibitory effects of PPARγ ligands on TGF-β1-induced corneal myofibroblast transformation. | 2014 | Am. J. Pathol. | pmid:24650561 |
Yen CC et al. | Cytotoxic effects of 15d-PGJ2 against osteosarcoma through ROS-mediated AKT and cell cycle inhibition. | 2014 | Oncotarget | pmid:24566468 |
Nieves A and Garza LA | Does prostaglandin D2 hold the cure to male pattern baldness? | 2014 | Exp. Dermatol. | pmid:24521203 |
Jeong KT et al. | Anti-allergic effect of a Korean traditional medicine, Biyeom-Tang on mast cells and allergic rhinitis. | 2014 | BMC Complement Altern Med | pmid:24521096 |
Chang JE et al. | Prostaglandin D2 regulates human type 2 innate lymphoid cell chemotaxis. | 2014 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:24210841 |
Reddy PH | Inhibitors of mitochondrial fission as a therapeutic strategy for diseases with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. | 2014 | J. Alzheimers Dis. | pmid:24413616 |
Wang C et al. | A chemoproteomic platform to quantitatively map targets of lipid-derived electrophiles. | 2014 | Nat. Methods | pmid:24292485 |
Zhang S et al. | Prostaglandin D2 receptor D-type prostanoid receptor 2 mediates eosinophil trafficking into the esophagus. | 2014 | Dis. Esophagus | pmid:24165271 |
Sarashina H et al. | Opposing immunomodulatory roles of prostaglandin D2 during the progression of skin inflammation. | 2014 | J. Immunol. | pmid:24298012 |
Kaplan J et al. | Pioglitazone reduces inflammation through inhibition of NF-κB in polymicrobial sepsis. | 2014 | Innate Immun | pmid:24029145 |
Olsen KC et al. | Inhibition of transglutaminase 2, a novel target for pulmonary fibrosis, by two small electrophilic molecules. | 2014 | Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. | pmid:24175906 |
Filep JG | Glucocorticoid protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: central role for the PGD2-Nrf2 pathway. | 2014 | Hypertension | pmid:24101660 |
Katsumata Y et al. | Endogenous prostaglandin D2 and its metabolites protect the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating Nrf2. | 2014 | Hypertension | pmid:24101662 |
Mello CF and Oliveira MS | Commentary on Kaushik et al.: Prostaglandin D2 is crucial for seizure suppression and postictal sleep. Novel evidence supporting a role for prostanoid receptors in seizure control. | 2014 | Exp. Neurol. | pmid:24814715 |
Casali CI et al. | Coordinate regulation between the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and cyclooxygenase-2 in renal epithelial cells. | 2014 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:24915420 |
Sturm EM et al. | Opposing roles of prostaglandin D2 receptors in ulcerative colitis. | 2014 | J. Immunol. | pmid:24929001 |
Steinke JW et al. | Aspirin activation of eosinophils and mast cells: implications in the pathogenesis of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. | 2014 | J. Immunol. | pmid:24890720 |
Bhargava S | Increased DHT levels in androgenic alopecia have been selected for to protect men from prostate cancer. | 2014 | Med. Hypotheses | pmid:24548754 |
Yue L et al. | Prostaglandin D(2) induces apoptosis of human osteoclasts through ERK1/2 and Akt signaling pathways. | 2014 | Bone | pmid:24345643 |
Han XQ et al. | Advanced glycation end products promote differentiation of CD4(+) T helper cells toward pro-inflammatory response. | 2014 | J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technol. Med. Sci. | pmid:24496672 |
Tachi M et al. | Mass spectrometric determination of prostanoids in rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus microdialysates. | 2014 | Auton Neurosci | pmid:24447364 |
Wong GW et al. | Ancient origin of mast cells. | 2014 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:25094046 |
Kurtz M et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands regulate lipid content, metabolism, and composition in fetal lungs of diabetic rats. | 2014 | J. Endocrinol. | pmid:24389592 |
Jung WK et al. | The 15-deoxy-δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits LPS‑stimulated inflammation via enhancement of the platelet‑activating factor acetylhydrolase activity in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. | 2014 | Int. J. Mol. Med. | pmid:24337644 |
Carrier EJ et al. | Levuglandin forms adducts with histone h4 in a cyclooxygenase-2-dependent manner, altering its interaction with DNA. | 2014 | Biochemistry | pmid:24684440 |
Oyama S et al. | A novel indole compound, AWT-489, inhibits prostaglandin D2-induced CD55 expression by acting on DP prostanoid receptors as an antagonist in LS174T human colon cancer cells. | 2014 | Arch. Biochem. Biophys. | pmid:24239863 |
Liu H et al. | Role of prostaglandin D2 /CRTH2 pathway on asthma exacerbation induced by Aspergillus fumigatus. | 2014 | Immunology | pmid:24329550 |
Chen S et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) promotes apoptosis of HBx-positive liver cells. | 2014 | Chem. Biol. Interact. | pmid:24582817 |
Brugha RE et al. | Carbon in airway macrophages from children with asthma. | 2014 | Thorax | pmid:24567296 |
Takeshima Y | [Development of novel therapeutic approaches for Duchenne muscular dystrophy]. | 2014 | No To Hattatsu | pmid:24738186 |
Kang ES et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 prevents oxidative injury by upregulating the expression of aldose reductase in vascular smooth muscle cells. | 2014 | Free Radic. Res. | pmid:24180671 |
Pierron A et al. | PGJ2 restores RA sensitivity in melanoma cells by decreasing PRAME and EZH2. | 2014 | J. Dermatol. Sci. | pmid:24289988 |
Xue L et al. | Prostaglandin D2 activates group 2 innate lymphoid cells through chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells. | 2014 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:24388011 |
Pradhan A and Olsson PE | Juvenile ovary to testis transition in zebrafish involves inhibition of ptges. | 2014 | Biol. Reprod. | pmid:24920039 |
Martins CA et al. | Malva sylvestris L. extract suppresses desferrioxamine-induced PGEâ‚‚ and PGDâ‚‚ release in differentiated U937 cells: the development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for prostaglandin quantification. | 2014 | Biomed. Chromatogr. | pmid:24403179 |
Tachikawa M et al. | Pharmacological significance of prostaglandin E2 and D2 transport at the brain barriers. | 2014 | Adv. Pharmacol. | pmid:25307222 |
Manna JD et al. | Identification of the major prostaglandin glycerol ester hydrolase in human cancer cells. | 2014 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:25301951 |
Stenson WF | The universe of arachidonic acid metabolites in inflammatory bowel disease: can we tell the good from the bad? | 2014 | Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. | pmid:24837228 |
Keum JH et al. | The anti-inflammatory effect of Cheongseoikki-tang ethanol extract on allergic reactions mediated by bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2013 | Chin J Integr Med | pmid:23494327 |
Zhang S et al. | Role of prostaglandin D2 in mast cell activation-induced sensitization of esophageal vagal afferents. | 2013 | Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. | pmid:23471341 |
Welter H et al. | Partial loss of contractile marker proteins in human testicular peritubular cells in infertility patients. | 2013 | Andrology | pmid:23413143 |
Moreira V et al. | A catalytically-inactive snake venom Lys49 phospholipase Aâ‚‚ homolog induces expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and production of prostaglandins through selected signaling pathways in macrophages. | 2013 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:23416211 |
Heilmann S et al. | No genetic support for a contribution of prostaglandins to the aetiology of androgenetic alopecia. | 2013 | Br. J. Dermatol. | pmid:23448296 |
Kanda H et al. | COX-1-dependent prostaglandin D2 in microglia contributes to neuropathic pain via DP2 receptor in spinal neurons. | 2013 | Glia | pmid:23505121 |
Brose SA et al. | A fast one-step extraction and UPLC-MS/MS analysis for E2/D 2 series prostaglandins and isoprostanes. | 2013 | Lipids | pmid:23400687 |
Li H and Narahara H | 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) induces growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human endometrial cancer cell lines. | 2013 | Int. J. Mol. Med. | pmid:23403520 |
Murata T et al. | Anti-inflammatory role of PGD2 in acute lung inflammation and therapeutic application of its signal enhancement. | 2013 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:23479612 |
Jabr S et al. | Quantification of major urinary metabolites of PGE2 and PGD2 in cystic fibrosis: correlation with disease severity. | 2013 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:23791427 |
Rahman MS et al. | Cultured preadipocytes undergoing stable transfection with cyclooxygenase-1 in the antisense direction accelerate adipogenesis during the maturation phase of adipocytes. | 2013 | Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. | pmid:23817787 |
Aldrovandi M et al. | Human platelets generate phospholipid-esterified prostaglandins via cyclooxygenase-1 that are inhibited by low dose aspirin supplementation. | 2013 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:23883581 |
Haskew-Layton RE et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) protects neurons from oxidative death via an Nrf2 astrocyte-specific mechanism independent of PPARγ. | 2013 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:23199167 |
Nakamura M et al. | Tumor apoptosis in prostate cancer by PGD(2) and its metabolite 15d-PGJ(2) in murine model. | 2013 | Biomed. Pharmacother. | pmid:23206752 |
Lewis A et al. | Heterogeneity in the responses of human lung mast cells to stem cell factor. | 2013 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:23278880 |
Nozaki Y et al. | PPARγ ligand attenuates portal inflammation in the MRL-lpr mouse: a new strategy to restrain cholangiopathy in primary biliary cirrhosis. | 2013 | Med Mol Morphol | pmid:23397546 |
Carlson LM et al. | Low-dose aspirin delays an inflammatory tumor progression in vivo in a transgenic mouse model of neuroblastoma. | 2013 | Carcinogenesis | pmid:23349014 |
Doyle MC et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 inhibits IL-13 production in T cells via an NF-κB-dependent mechanism. | 2013 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:23333326 |
Kobayashi K et al. | Prostaglandin D2-DP signaling promotes endothelial barrier function via the cAMP/PKA/Tiam1/Rac1 pathway. | 2013 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:23307871 |
Xu F et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist 15d-prostaglandin J2 mediates neuronal autophagy after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. | 2013 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23372817 |
Sykes L et al. | The CRTH2 agonist Pyl A prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced fetal death but induces preterm labour. | 2013 | Immunology | pmid:23374103 |
Nelson AM et al. | Prostaglandin D2 inhibits wound-induced hair follicle neogenesis through the receptor, Gpr44. | 2013 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:23190891 |
Kaikkonen S et al. | Prostaglandin 15d-PGJ(2) inhibits androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer cells. | 2013 | Mol. Endocrinol. | pmid:23192983 |
Schmidt JA et al. | Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of AZD1981, an orally available selective DP2 antagonist in clinical development for asthma. | 2013 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:23146091 |
Hellmann J et al. | Increased saturated fatty acids in obesity alter resolution of inflammation in part by stimulating prostaglandin production. | 2013 | J. Immunol. | pmid:23785121 |
Moghaddami M et al. | Prostaglandin D(2) in inflammatory arthritis and its relation with synovial fluid dendritic cells. | 2013 | Mediators Inflamm. | pmid:23737645 |
Labrecque P et al. | Inverse agonist and pharmacochaperone properties of MK-0524 on the prostanoid DP1 receptor. | 2013 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23762421 |
Lu Y et al. | Manassantin B isolated from Saururus chinensis inhibits cyclooxygenase-2-dependent prostaglandin D2 generation by blocking Fyn-mediated nuclear factor-kappaB and mitogen activated protein kinase pathways in bone marrow derived-mast cells. | 2013 | Biol. Pharm. Bull. | pmid:23719635 |
Yoo JM et al. | Inhibitory effect of N-Acyl dopamines on IgE-mediated allergic response in RBL-2H3 cells. | 2013 | Lipids | pmid:23377981 |
Buckner MM et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits macrophage colonization by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. | 2013 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23922794 |
Huisingh C and McGwin G | Change in prostaglandin expression levels and synthesizing activities. | 2013 | Ophthalmology | pmid:24001535 |
Rim TH et al. | Author reply: To PMID 22858125. | 2013 | Ophthalmology | pmid:24001536 |
Kaur R et al. | A phenotypic screening approach in cord blood-derived mast cells to identify anti-inflammatory compounds. | 2013 | J Biomol Screen | pmid:23983232 |
Liu H et al. | Prostaglandin D2 toxicity in primary neurons is mediated through its bioactive cyclopentenone metabolites. | 2013 | Neurotoxicology | pmid:23973622 |
Bogacka I et al. | The involvement of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) in prostaglandin F2α production by porcine endometrium. | 2013 | Reprod Biol | pmid:24287039 |
Fajt ML et al. | Prostaglandin Dâ‚‚ pathway upregulation: relation to asthma severity, control, and TH2 inflammation. | 2013 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:23506843 |
Cruse G et al. | A truncated splice-variant of the FcεRIβ receptor subunit is critical for microtubule formation and degranulation in mast cells. | 2013 | Immunity | pmid:23643722 |
Brose SA and Golovko MY | Eicosanoid post-mortem induction in kidney tissue is prevented by microwave irradiation. | 2013 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:24113545 |
Ramer R et al. | Induction but not inhibition of COX-2 confers human lung cancer cell apoptosis by celecoxib. | 2013 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:23943857 |
Penas F et al. | PPARγ ligand treatment inhibits cardiac inflammatory mediators induced by infection with different lethality strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. | 2013 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:22917565 |