Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Sánchez-Gómez FJ et al. | Direct evidence for the covalent modification of glutathione-S-transferase P1-1 by electrophilic prostaglandins: implications for enzyme inactivation and cell survival. | 2007 | Arch. Biochem. Biophys. | pmid:17169324 |
Huang ZL et al. | Prostaglandins and adenosine in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. | 2007 | Curr Opin Pharmacol | pmid:17129762 |
Suwaki N et al. | Expression and potential role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in the placenta of diabetic pregnancy. | 2007 | Placenta | pmid:16753211 |
Payne SG et al. | The immunosuppressant drug FTY720 inhibits cytosolic phospholipase A2 independently of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors. | 2007 | Blood | pmid:17008548 |
Hirano Y et al. | Synergistic effect of PGD2 via prostanoid DP receptor on TNF-alpha-induced production of MCP-1 and IL-8 in human monocytic THP-1 cells. | 2007 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:17307163 |
Takaoka A et al. | Role of scratch-induced cutaneous prostaglandin D production on atopic-like scratching behaviour in mice. | 2007 | Exp. Dermatol. | pmid:17359340 |
Ito W et al. | Hepatocyte growth factor attenuates eotaxin and PGD2-induced chemotaxis of human eosinophils. | 2007 | Allergy | pmid:17362253 |
Yang WZ et al. | [The effect of ligand of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma 15d-PGJ2 on the proliferation and activation of hepatic stellate cells]. | 2007 | Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi | pmid:17362636 |
Wilhelm D et al. | SOX9 regulates prostaglandin D synthase gene transcription in vivo to ensure testis development. | 2007 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:17277314 |
Park JM et al. | Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase suppresses intestinal adenomas in ApcMin/+ mice. | 2007 | Cancer Res. | pmid:17283118 |
Fulzele SV et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 enhances docetaxel anti-tumor activity against A549 and H460 non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines and xenograft tumors. | 2007 | Anticancer Drugs | pmid:17159504 |
Li SJ et al. | [Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and its ligands on cytotrophoblast invasion in first trimester of pregnancy and mechanism thereof]. | 2007 | Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi | pmid:17425848 |
Schuligoi R et al. | PGD2 metabolism in plasma: kinetics and relationship with bioactivity on DP1 and CRTH2 receptors. | 2007 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:17452035 |
Richman JG et al. | Nicotinic acid receptor agonists differentially activate downstream effectors. | 2007 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:17452318 |
Schütz TC et al. | Effects of COX-2 inhibitor in temporomandibular joint acute inflammation. | 2007 | J. Dent. Res. | pmid:17452571 |
Zhao X et al. | Hematoma resolution as a target for intracerebral hemorrhage treatment: role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in microglia/macrophages. | 2007 | Ann. Neurol. | pmid:17457822 |
Kim WJ et al. | Anti-inflammatory lipid mediator 15d-PGJ2 inhibits translation through inactivation of eIF4A. | 2007 | EMBO J. | pmid:18034160 |
Brunoldi EM et al. | Cyclopentenone prostaglandin, 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-PGJ2, is metabolized by HepG2 cells via conjugation with glutathione. | 2007 | Chem. Res. Toxicol. | pmid:17854155 |
Siddhivarn C et al. | Mechanical loading and delta12prostaglandin J2 induce bone morphogenetic protein-2, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-1, and bone nodule formation in an osteoblastic cell line. | 2007 | J. Periodont. Res. | pmid:17760815 |
Wu P et al. | Inflammation pro-resolving potential of 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone through 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in murine macrophages. | 2007 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:17761349 |
Saito Y et al. | Protective effects of 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 against glutamate-induced cell death in primary cortical neuron cultures: induction of adaptive response and enhancement of cell tolerance primarily through up-regulation of cellular glutathione. | 2007 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:17697048 |
Cossette C et al. | Agonist and antagonist effects of 15R-prostaglandin (PG) D2 and 11-methylene-PGD2 on human eosinophils and basophils. | 2007 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:17041009 |
Sandig H et al. | Contrary prostaglandins: the opposing roles of PGD2 and its metabolites in leukocyte function. | 2007 | J. Leukoc. Biol. | pmid:17043246 |
Kamagata C et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 inhibits G2-M phase progression in human breast cancer cells via the down-regulation of cyclin B1 and survivin expression. | 2007 | Breast Cancer Res. Treat. | pmid:17028981 |
Rollins MD et al. | Anti-inflammatory effects of PPAR-gamma agonists directly correlate with PPAR-gamma expression during acute pancreatitis. | 2006 Sep-Oct | J. Gastrointest. Surg. | pmid:16966031 |
Goya K et al. | The thiazolidinedione drug troglitazone up-regulates nitric oxide synthase expression in vascular endothelial cells. | 2006 Sep-Oct | J. Diabetes Complicat. | pmid:16949522 |
Castellani ML et al. | Rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-2H3) generate prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) after regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) activation. | 2006 Oct-Dec | Int. J. Biol. Markers | pmid:17177158 |
Lappas M et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) and troglitazone regulation of the release of phospholipid metabolites, inflammatory cytokines and proteases from human gestational tissues. | 2006 Nov-Dec | Placenta | pmid:16434095 |
Urade Y | Twenty-fifth anniversary of the discovery of somnogenic activity of prostaglandin D2: sleep research directed by Osamu Hayaishi. | 2006 May-Jun | IUBMB Life | pmid:16754308 |
Okano M et al. | Presence and characterization of prostaglandin D2-related molecules in nasal mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis. | 2006 May-Jun | Am J Rhinol | pmid:16871941 |
Guyer BJ et al. | Mast cell inhibitor R112 is well tolerated and affects prostaglandin D2 but not other mediators, symptoms, or nasal volumes in a nasal challenge model of allergic rhinitis. | 2006 May-Jun | Allergy Asthma Proc | pmid:16913263 |
Mazid MA et al. | Endogenous 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) synthesized by adipocytes during maturation phase contributes to upregulation of fat storage. | 2006 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:17150216 |
Rousseaux C and Desreumaux P | [The peroxisome-proliferator-activated gamma receptor and chronic inflammatory bowel disease (PPARgamma and IBD)]. | 2006 | J. Soc. Biol. | pmid:17151549 |
Kang DS et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 induces renal epithelial cell death through NF-kappaB-dependent and MAPK-independent mechanism. | 2006 | Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. | pmid:16890972 |
Nakata S et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J(2) induces death receptor 5 expression through mRNA stabilization independently of PPARgamma and potentiates TRAIL-induced apoptosis. | 2006 | Mol. Cancer Ther. | pmid:16891469 |
Wang XS and Lau HY | Beta-adrenoceptor-mediated inhibition of mediator release from human peripheral blood-derived mast cells. | 2006 | Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. | pmid:16895550 |
Zhang A et al. | Prostaglandin D2 inhibits TGF-beta1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in MDCK cells. | 2006 | Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. | pmid:16896186 |
Chaffer CL et al. | PPARgamma-independent induction of growth arrest and apoptosis in prostate and bladder carcinoma. | 2006 | BMC Cancer | pmid:16519808 |
Pérez S et al. | The 2-series prostaglandins suppress VLDL secretion in an inflammatory condition-dependent manner in primary rat hepatocytes. | 2006 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:16545597 |
Wise H | Lack of interaction between prostaglandin E2 receptor subtypes in regulating adenylyl cyclase activity in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion cells. | 2006 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:16545798 |
Wang XS et al. | Functional characterization of human mast cells cultured from adult peripheral blood. | 2006 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:16546715 |
Sawai H et al. | Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma decreases pancreatic cancer cell invasion through modulation of the plasminogen activator system. | 2006 | Mol. Cancer Res. | pmid:16547153 |
Fu YG et al. | Inhibition of gastric cancer cells associated angiogenesis by 15d-prostaglandin J2 through the downregulation of angiopoietin-1. | 2006 | Cancer Lett. | pmid:16412567 |
Wung BS et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) suppresses IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation via electrophilic reactivity in endothelial cells. | 2006 | Life Sci. | pmid:16413037 |
Herlong JL and Scott TR | Positioning prostanoids of the D and J series in the immunopathogenic scheme. | 2006 | Immunol. Lett. | pmid:16310861 |
Merwald H et al. | Induction of the 72-kilodalton heat shock protein and protection from ultraviolet B-induced cell death in human keratinocytes by repetitive exposure to heat shock or 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2. | 2006 | Cell Stress Chaperones | pmid:16572732 |
Sato TA and Mitchell MD | Preferential production of prostaglandin D2 by lipopolysaccharide stimulated human choriodecidual explants. | 2006 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:16380246 |
Arnold R and König W | Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists inhibit the release of proinflammatory cytokines from RSV-infected epithelial cells. | 2006 | Virology | pmid:16330064 |
Kohno S et al. | Inhibition of skin sclerosis by 15deoxy delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 and retrovirally transfected prostaglandin D synthase in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced scleroderma. | 2006 | Biomed. Pharmacother. | pmid:16337105 |
Xie Y et al. | Differentiation-dependent regulation of the cyclooxygenase cascade during adipogenesis suggests a complex role for prostaglandins. | 2006 | Diabetes Obes Metab | pmid:16367886 |
El Mezayen R et al. | Effect of thymoquinone on cyclooxygenase expression and prostaglandin production in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. | 2006 | Immunol. Lett. | pmid:16762422 |
Kobayashi M et al. | ATM activation by a sulfhydryl-reactive inflammatory cyclopentenone prostaglandin. | 2006 | Genes Cells | pmid:16824197 |
Ogburn KD and Figueiredo-Pereira ME | Cytoskeleton/endoplasmic reticulum collapse induced by prostaglandin J2 parallels centrosomal deposition of ubiquitinated protein aggregates. | 2006 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:16774923 |
Zhang M et al. | Curcumin inhibits trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis in rats by activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. | 2006 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:16782535 |
Shimizu T et al. | A role of PPAR-gamma in androstenediol-mediated salutary effects on cardiac function following trauma-hemorrhage. | 2006 | Ann. Surg. | pmid:16794398 |
Chen Y et al. | Effects of PPARgamma agonists on cell survival and focal adhesions in a Chinese thyroid carcinoma cell line. | 2006 | J. Cell. Biochem. | pmid:16795079 |
Yucel-Lindberg T et al. | Signal pathways involved in the regulation of prostaglandin E synthase-1 in human gingival fibroblasts. | 2006 | Cell. Signal. | pmid:16766159 |
Relic B et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma1 is dephosphorylated and degraded during BAY 11-7085-induced synovial fibroblast apoptosis. | 2006 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:16766531 |
Sugimoto M et al. | Role of COX-1 and COX-2 on skin PGs biosynthesis by mechanical scratching in mice. | 2006 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:16815697 |
Schwartz MS et al. | Determination of a prostaglandin D2 antagonist and its acyl glucuronide metabolite in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection--a lack of MS/MS selectivity between a glucuronide conjugate and a phase I metabolite. | 2006 | J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. | pmid:16716772 |
Na HK and Surh YJ | Transcriptional regulation via cysteine thiol modification: a novel molecular strategy for chemoprevention and cytoprotection. | 2006 | Mol. Carcinog. | pmid:16673384 |
BrazÃs P et al. | Dermal microdialysis in the dog: in vivo assessment of the effect of cyclosporin A on cutaneous histamine and prostaglandin D2 release. | 2006 | Vet. Dermatol. | pmid:16674731 |
Hickson-Bick DL et al. | The response of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes to lipopolysaccharide-induced stress. | 2006 | Shock | pmid:16680021 |
Son MJ et al. | Naturally occurring biflavonoid, ochnaflavone, inhibits cyclooxygenases-2 and 5-lipoxygenase in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2006 | Arch. Pharm. Res. | pmid:16681032 |
Wang WM et al. | [Effects of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma agonists on transforming growth factor-beta1 and Smads signal pathway: experiment with rat renal fibroblasts]. | 2006 | Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi | pmid:16681946 |
Bate C et al. | Prostaglandin D2 mediates neuronal damage by amyloid-beta or prions which activates microglial cells. | 2006 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:16289250 |
Grill M et al. | Systemic inflammation induces COX-2 mediated prostaglandin D2 biosynthesis in mice spinal cord. | 2006 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:16182321 |
Zhao X et al. | 15d-Prostaglandin J2 activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, promotes expression of catalase, and reduces inflammation, behavioral dysfunction, and neuronal loss after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. | 2006 | J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. | pmid:16208315 |
Benkirane K et al. | PPAR-gamma inhibits ANG II-induced cell growth via SHIP2 and 4E-BP1. | 2006 | Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. | pmid:16155101 |
Zhang YF et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma is expressed by rat peritoneal mesothelial cells: its potential role in peritoneal cavity local defense. | 2006 | Am. J. Nephrol. | pmid:17183189 |
Pereira MP et al. | Rosiglitazone and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 cause potent neuroprotection after experimental stroke through noncompletely overlapping mechanisms. | 2006 | J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. | pmid:16034372 |
Núñez NP et al. | PPAR-gamma ligands and amino acid deprivation promote apoptosis of melanoma, prostate, and breast cancer cells. | 2006 | Cancer Lett. | pmid:15979236 |
Satoh T et al. | Prostaglandin D2 plays an essential role in chronic allergic inflammation of the skin via CRTH2 receptor. | 2006 | J. Immunol. | pmid:16888024 |
Sugimoto M et al. | COX-1 inhibition enhances scratching behaviour in NC/Nga mice with atopic dermatitis. | 2006 | Exp. Dermatol. | pmid:16842596 |
Quinkler M et al. | Depot-specific prostaglandin synthesis in human adipose tissue: a novel possible mechanism of adipogenesis. | 2006 | Gene | pmid:16842938 |
Raikwar HP et al. | PPARgamma antagonists reverse the inhibition of neural antigen-specific Th1 response and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by Ciglitazone and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2006 | J. Neuroimmunol. | pmid:16844232 |
Willermain F et al. | 15-Deoxy-12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits interferon gamma induced MHC class II but not class I expression on ARPE cells through a PPAR gamma independent mechanism. | 2006 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:16939878 |
Lim HJ et al. | PPARgamma activation induces CD36 expression and stimulates foam cell like changes in rVSMCs. | 2006 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:16939881 |
Chiba T et al. | Prostaglandin D2 induces IL-8 and GM-CSF by bronchial epithelial cells in a CRTH2-independent pathway. | 2006 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:16940740 |
Yu X et al. | Nrf2-mediated induction of cytoprotective enzymes by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 is attenuated by alkenal/one oxidoreductase. | 2006 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:16857669 |
Chen ZH et al. | Induction of adaptive response and enhancement of PC12 cell tolerance by 7-hydroxycholesterol and 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 through up-regulation of cellular glutathione via different mechanisms. | 2006 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:16565077 |
Horiguchi T et al. | Cyclooxygenase-2 mediates the development of cortical spreading depression-induced tolerance to transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. | 2006 | Neuroscience | pmid:16567054 |
Siddhivarn C et al. | Prostaglandin D2 pathway and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-1 expression are induced by mechanical loading in an osteoblastic cell line. | 2006 | J. Periodont. Res. | pmid:16499711 |
Coyle AT and Kinsella BT | Synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists rosiglitazone and troglitazone suppress transcription by promoter 3 of the human thromboxane A2 receptor gene in human erythroleukemia cells. | 2006 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:16499875 |
Makino N et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands attenuate brain natriuretic peptide production and affect remodeling in cardiac fibroblasts in reoxygenation after hypoxia. | 2006 | Cell Biochem. Biophys. | pmid:16456235 |
Figarella K et al. | Prostaglandin-induced programmed cell death in Trypanosoma brucei involves oxidative stress. | 2006 | Cell Death Differ. | pmid:16456581 |
Belvisi MG et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists as therapy for chronic airway inflammation. | 2006 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:16458290 |
Takai S et al. | Prostaglandin D2 induces the phosphorylation of HSP27 in osteoblasts: function of the MAP kinase superfamily. | 2006 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:16876988 |
Piraino G et al. | Synergistic effect of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma and liver X receptor-alpha in the regulation of inflammation in macrophages. | 2006 | Shock | pmid:16878022 |
Moulin D et al. | Effect of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)gamma agonists on prostaglandins cascade in joint cells. | 2006 | Biorheology | pmid:16912428 |
Yeh CH et al. | Cardiomyocytic apoptosis following global cardiac ischemia and reperfusion can be attenuated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha but not gamma activators. | 2006 | Shock | pmid:16912651 |
Ye F et al. | Quantitative characterization of 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 in regulating EGFPSmad2 translocation in CHO cells through PPARgamma/TGFbeta/Smad2 pathway. | 2006 | Cell. Physiol. Biochem. | pmid:16914899 |
Lee JJ et al. | Antiplatelet activity of carnosol is mediated by the inhibition of TXA2 receptor and cytosolic calcium mobilization. | 2006 | Vascul. Pharmacol. | pmid:16916624 |
Ulven T and Kostenis E | Targeting the prostaglandin D2 receptors DP and CRTH2 for treatment of inflammation. | 2006 | Curr Top Med Chem | pmid:16918458 |
Theiner G et al. | The mast cell mediator PGD2 suppresses IL-12 release by dendritic cells leading to Th2 polarized immune responses in vivo. | 2006 | Immunobiology | pmid:16920486 |
Urade Y and Mohri I | [Sleep and brain function]. | 2006 | No To Hattatsu | pmid:16986732 |
Kim EH and Surh YJ | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 as a potential endogenous regulator of redox-sensitive transcription factors. | 2006 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:16987499 |
Diaz BL et al. | Group V secretory phospholipase A2 amplifies the induction of cyclooxygenase 2 and delayed prostaglandin D2 generation in mouse bone marrow culture-derived mast cells in a strain-dependent manner. | 2006 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:17064958 |
Qin S et al. | Protection of RPE cells from oxidative injury by 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 by augmenting GSH and activating MAPK. | 2006 | Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. | pmid:17065531 |
Gyles SL et al. | A dominant role for chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T helper type 2 (Th2) cells (CRTH2) in mediating chemotaxis of CRTH2+ CD4+ Th2 lymphocytes in response to mast cell supernatants. | 2006 | Immunology | pmid:17067313 |