Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Vosseler CA et al. | Structural requirements of cyclopentenone prostaglandins to induce endothelial cell apoptosis. | 2003 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:12859958 |
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Zanoni G et al. | First total synthesis of JS isoprostane. | 2003 | J. Org. Chem. | pmid:12868940 |
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Jowsey IR et al. | Expression of the murine glutathione S-transferase alpha3 (GSTA3) subunit is markedly induced during adipocyte differentiation: activation of the GSTA3 gene promoter by the pro-adipogenic eicosanoid 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2003 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:14652005 |
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Monneret G et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandins D2 and J2 are potent activators of human eosinophils. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11907120 |
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Mondoro TH and Vostal JG | Cold temperatures reduce the sensitivity of stored platelets to disaggregating agents. | 2002 | Platelets | pmid:11918832 |
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Schoppee PD et al. | Putative activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma impairs androgen and enhances progesterone biosynthesis in primary cultures of porcine theca cells. | 2002 | Biol. Reprod. | pmid:11751282 |
Fujitani Y et al. | Pronounced eosinophilic lung inflammation and Th2 cytokine release in human lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase transgenic mice. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11751991 |
Yagami T et al. | Human group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 induces neuronal cell death via apoptosis. | 2002 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:11752212 |
Fu Y et al. | Upregulation of interleukin-8 expression by prostaglandin D2 metabolite 15-deoxy-delta12, 14 prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) in human THP-1 macrophages. | 2002 | Atherosclerosis | pmid:11755918 |
Chen GG et al. | Apoptosis induced by activation of peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-gamma is associated with Bcl-2 and NF-kappaB in human colon cancer. | 2002 | Life Sci. | pmid:12269390 |
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Shibata T et al. | 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2. A prostaglandin D2 metabolite generated during inflammatory processes. | 2002 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:11786541 |
Simonin MA et al. | PPAR-gamma ligands modulate effects of LPS in stimulated rat synovial fibroblasts. | 2002 | Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. | pmid:11742805 |
Hirai H et al. | Cutting edge: agonistic effect of indomethacin on a prostaglandin D2 receptor, CRTH2. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11801628 |
Harris SG et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-PGJ2 induces IL-8 production in human T cells by a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11801678 |
Diaz BL et al. | Regulation of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2 and IL-6 expression in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells by exogenous but not endogenous prostanoids. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11801681 |
Cheuk BL et al. | Cyclooxygenase-2 regulates apoptosis in rat epididymis through prostaglandin D2. | 2002 | Biol. Reprod. | pmid:11804951 |
Hayaishi O | Molecular genetic studies on sleep-wake regulation, with special emphasis on the prostaglandin D(2) system. | 2002 | J. Appl. Physiol. | pmid:11796702 |
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Michimata T et al. | Accumulation of CRTH2-positive T-helper 2 and T-cytotoxic 2 cells at implantation sites of human decidua in a prostaglandin D(2)-mediated manner. | 2002 | Mol. Hum. Reprod. | pmid:11818521 |
Kohyama T et al. | PGD(2) modulates fibroblast-mediated native collagen gel contraction. | 2002 | Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. | pmid:12204901 |
Nencioni A et al. | Dendritic cell immunogenicity is regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:12133943 |
Kudoh I et al. | [Prostanoids and acute lung injury]. | 2002 | Masui | pmid:12134647 |
Meier CA et al. | Regulation of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in THP-1 cells by ligands of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. | 2002 | Cytokine | pmid:12160520 |
Kwak BR et al. | PPARgamma but not PPARalpha ligands are potent repressors of major histocompatibility complex class II induction in atheroma-associated cells. | 2002 | Circ. Res. | pmid:11861426 |
Shimada T et al. | Characteristics of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligand induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells. | 2002 | Gut | pmid:11950812 |
Pestel S et al. | Inhibition by prostaglandin E(2) of anaphylatoxin C5a- but not zymosan-induced prostanoid release from rat Kupffer cells. | 2002 | Lab. Invest. | pmid:11950903 |
Nishida K et al. | Inhibition of human chondrosarcoma cell growth via apoptosis by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. | 2002 | Br. J. Cancer | pmid:11953889 |
Finck BN and Johnson RW | Anti-inflammatory agents inhibit the induction of leptin by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. | 2002 | Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. | pmid:11959686 |
Bureau F et al. | A proinflammatory role for the cyclopentenone prostaglandins at low micromolar concentrations: oxidative stress-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation without NF-kappa B inhibition. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11994490 |
Nosjean O and Boutin JA | Natural ligands of PPARgamma: are prostaglandin J(2) derivatives really playing the part? | 2002 | Cell. Signal. | pmid:11955950 |
Kohyama T et al. | Prostaglandin D2 inhibits fibroblast migration. | 2002 | Eur. Respir. J. | pmid:11998998 |
Sharif NA and Davis TL | Cloned human EP1 prostanoid receptor pharmacology characterized using radioligand binding techniques. | 2002 | J. Pharm. Pharmacol. | pmid:11999132 |
Janabi N | Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 expression by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) in activated human astrocytes, but not in human brain macrophages. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11971025 |
Han S and Sidell N | Peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor gamma (PPARgamma) independent induction of CD36 in THP-1 monocytes by retinoic acid. | 2002 | Immunology | pmid:11972632 |
Jeng JH et al. | Modulation of platelet aggregation by areca nut and betel leaf ingredients: roles of reactive oxygen species and cyclooxygenase. | 2002 | Free Radic. Biol. Med. | pmid:11978487 |
Ushikubi F and Narumiya S | [The roles of the prostanoids played in the body]. | 2002 | Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi | pmid:11979724 |
Yu Y et al. | Conjugated linoleic acid decreases production of pro-inflammatory products in macrophages: evidence for a PPAR gamma-dependent mechanism. | 2002 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:12020636 |
Quraishi O et al. | Inhibition of inducible prostaglandin E(2) synthase by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) and polyunsaturated fatty acids. | 2002 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:11931852 |
Cao J et al. | In vitro pharmacological characterization of the prostanoid receptor population in the non-pregnant porcine myometrium. | 2002 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12020689 |
Gong P et al. | Activation of the mouse heme oxygenase-1 gene by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) is mediated by the stress response elements and transcription factor Nrf2. | 2002 | Antioxid. Redox Signal. | pmid:12006176 |
Hong JT et al. | Inhibitory effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist on ochratoxin A-induced cytotoxicity and activation of transcription factors in cultured rat embryonic midbrain cells. | 2002 | J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A | pmid:11936221 |
Kondo M et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2): the endogenous electrophile that induces neuronal apoptosis. | 2002 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:12032289 |
Krishnaswamy G et al. | Regulation of eosinophil-active cytokine production from human cord blood-derived mast cells. | 2002 | J. Interferon Cytokine Res. | pmid:12034046 |
Sawano H et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits IL-1beta-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in mesangial cells. | 2002 | Kidney Int. | pmid:12028436 |
Zander T et al. | Induction of apoptosis in human and rat glioma by agonists of the nuclear receptor PPARgamma. | 2002 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:12065618 |
Yagami T et al. | Group IB secretory phospholipase A2 induces neuronal cell death via apoptosis. | 2002 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:12065654 |
Fujino T et al. | Effects of the prostanoids on the proliferation or hypertrophy of cultured murine aortic smooth muscle cells. | 2002 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12055131 |
Ward C et al. | Prostaglandin D2 and its metabolites induce caspase-dependent granulocyte apoptosis that is mediated via inhibition of I kappa B alpha degradation using a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-independent mechanism. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:12055237 |
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Lennon AM et al. | MAP kinase cascades are activated in astrocytes and preadipocytes by 15-deoxy-Delta(12-14)-prostaglandin J(2) and the thiazolidinedione ciglitazone through peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma-independent mechanisms involving reactive oxygenated species. | 2002 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:12052825 |
Lappas M et al. | Regulation of proinflammatory cytokines in human gestational tissues by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma: effect of 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) and troglitazone. | 2002 | J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. | pmid:12364456 |
Skolnik PR et al. | Stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma blocks HIV-1 replication and TNFalpha production in acutely infected primary blood cells, chronically infected U1 cells, and alveolar macrophages from HIV-infected subjects. | 2002 | J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. | pmid:12352144 |
Eligini S et al. | 15-deoxy-delta12,14-Prostaglandin J2 inhibits tissue factor expression in human macrophages and endothelial cells: evidence for ERK1/2 signaling pathway blockade. | 2002 | Thromb. Haemost. | pmid:12353085 |
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Shahbazian A et al. | Differential peristaltic motor effects of prostanoid (DP, EP, IP, TP) and leukotriene receptor agonists in the guinea-pig isolated small intestine. | 2002 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12429577 |
Gebhardt T et al. | Cultured human intestinal mast cells express functional IL-3 receptors and respond to IL-3 by enhancing growth and IgE receptor-dependent mediator release. | 2002 | Eur. J. Immunol. | pmid:12209644 |
Cox B et al. | Human colorectal cancer cells efficiently conjugate the cyclopentenone prostaglandin, prostaglandin J(2), to glutathione. | 2002 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:12213491 |
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Ahn SG et al. | Sox-4 is a positive regulator of Hep3B and HepG2 cells' apoptosis induced by prostaglandin (PG)A(2) and delta(12)-PGJ(2). | 2002 | Exp. Mol. Med. | pmid:12216117 |
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Iwasaki M et al. | Association of a new-type prostaglandin D2 receptor CRTH2 with circulating T helper 2 cells in patients with atopic dermatitis. | 2002 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:12230502 |
Jozkowicz A et al. | Effect of prostaglandin-J(2) on VEGF synthesis depends on the induction of heme oxygenase-1. | 2002 | Antioxid. Redox Signal. | pmid:12230869 |
Suzuki-Nishimura T and Uchida MK | Prostaglandin D2 generation by rat peritoneal mast cells stimulated with Datura stramonium agglutinin and its inhibition by haptenic sugar and wheat germ agglutinin. | 2002 | Jpn. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12396030 |
Hashimoto K et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand inhibits cell growth and invasion of human pancreatic cancer cells. | 2002 | Int J Gastrointest Cancer | pmid:12630765 |
Tzanakakis GN et al. | The preventive effect of ketoconazole on experimental metastasis from a human pancreatic carcinoma may be related to its effect on prostaglandin synthesis. | 2002 | Int J Gastrointest Cancer | pmid:12630766 |
Diaz BL et al. | Participation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 in eicosanoid generation by mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2002 | Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. | pmid:12664562 |
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Kanehara H et al. | Thrombomodulin expression by THP-1 but not by vascular endothelial cells is upregulated by pioglitazone. | 2002 | Thromb. Res. | pmid:12617986 |
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Larsen P et al. | Calcium-stimulated short-circuit currents in the canine proximal colonic epithelium: effects of DK-PGD2, a metabolite of prostaglandin D2. | 2002 | Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. | pmid:12489928 |
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Nikitakis NG et al. | 15-PGJ2, but not thiazolidinediones, inhibits cell growth, induces apoptosis, and causes downregulation of Stat3 in human oral SCCa cells. | 2002 | Br. J. Cancer | pmid:12454768 |
Fahmi H et al. | 15d-PGJ(2) is acting as a 'dual agent' on the regulation of COX-2 expression in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. | 2002 | Osteoarthr. Cartil. | pmid:12435328 |
Vitzthum H et al. | Gene expression of prostanoid forming enzymes along the rat nephron. | 2002 | Kidney Int. | pmid:12371957 |
Higashi N et al. | A comparative study of eicosanoid concentrations in sputum and urine in patients with aspirin-intolerant asthma. | 2002 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:12372129 |
Zhang J et al. | 15-Deoxy-prostaglandin J(2) inhibits PDGF-A and -B chain expression in human vascular endothelial cells independent of PPAR gamma. | 2002 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:12379230 |
Nithipatikom K et al. | Requirement of cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandins for human prostate cancer cell invasion. | 2002 | Clin. Exp. Metastasis | pmid:12498388 |