Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Hayden RE et al. | Treatment of primary CLL cells with bezafibrate and medroxyprogesterone acetate induces apoptosis and represses the pro-proliferative signal of CD40-ligand, in part through increased 15dDelta12,14,PGJ2. | 2009 | Leukemia | pmid:18923439 |
Csanky E et al. | Lipid metabolite levels of prostaglandin D2 and eicosapentaenoic acid recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid correlate with lung function of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and controls. | 2009 | Electrophoresis | pmid:19294692 |
Wang Y et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists enhance lung maturation in a neonatal rat model. | 2009 | Pediatr. Res. | pmid:19262292 |
Yamamoto M et al. | Expression and characterization of PGD2 receptors in chronic rhinosinusitis: modulation of DP and CRTH2 by PGD2. | 2009 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:18802357 |
Pirianov G et al. | The cyclopentenone 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J(2) delays lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm delivery and reduces mortality in the newborn mouse. | 2009 | Endocrinology | pmid:18845626 |
Tsuji T et al. | Reduction of nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression in methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity and neuroprotective effects of ibuprofen. | 2009 | Neurochem. Res. | pmid:18946735 |
Waku T et al. | Structural insight into PPARgamma activation through covalent modification with endogenous fatty acids. | 2009 | J. Mol. Biol. | pmid:18977231 |
Bruck R et al. | Additive inhibitory effect of experimentally induced hepatic cirrhosis by agonists of peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma and retinoic acid receptor. | 2009 | Dig. Dis. Sci. | pmid:18594976 |
O'Brien JJ et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14 prostaglandin J2-induced heme oxygenase-1 in megakaryocytes regulates thrombopoiesis. | 2009 | J. Thromb. Haemost. | pmid:18983509 |
Kalantari P et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits HIV-1 transactivating protein, Tat, through covalent modification. | 2009 | FASEB J. | pmid:19299483 |
Mohri I et al. | Inhibition of prostaglandin D synthase suppresses muscular necrosis. | 2009 | Am. J. Pathol. | pmid:19359520 |
Hokari R et al. | Increased expression and cellular localization of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis. | 2009 | J. Pathol. | pmid:19768745 |
Urade Y | [Molecular mechanisms of insomnia]. | 2009 | Nippon Rinsho | pmid:19768929 |
Ma XM et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma is essential in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma. | 2009 | World J. Gastroenterol. | pmid:19701967 |
Levy JH | Biomarkers in the diagnosis of anaphylaxis: making nature disclose her mysteries. | 2009 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:19032357 |
Boehme SA et al. | A small molecule CRTH2 antagonist inhibits FITC-induced allergic cutaneous inflammation. | 2009 | Int. Immunol. | pmid:19066314 |
Boehme SA et al. | Antagonism of CRTH2 ameliorates chronic epicutaneous sensitization-induced inflammation by multiple mechanisms. | 2009 | Int. Immunol. | pmid:19066315 |
Ding Q et al. | Identification of macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 in adipose tissue and its secretion as an adipokine by human adipocytes. | 2009 | Endocrinology | pmid:19074584 |
Schröder R et al. | The C-terminal tail of CRTH2 is a key molecular determinant that constrains Galphai and downstream signaling cascade activation. | 2009 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:19010788 |
Eichele K et al. | R(+)-methanandamide-induced apoptosis of human cervical carcinoma cells involves a cyclooxygenase-2-dependent pathway. | 2009 | Pharm. Res. | pmid:19015962 |
Gressner OA et al. | Elevated concentrations of 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in chronic liver disease propose therapeutic trials with peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma-inducing drugs. | 2009 | Liver Int. | pmid:19018984 |
Kobayashi M et al. | The antioxidant defense system Keap1-Nrf2 comprises a multiple sensing mechanism for responding to a wide range of chemical compounds. | 2009 | Mol. Cell. Biol. | pmid:19001094 |
Irikura D et al. | Biochemical, functional, and pharmacological characterization of AT-56, an orally active and selective inhibitor of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase. | 2009 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:19131342 |
Johansson S et al. | CC16 inhibits the migration of eosinophils towards the formyl peptide fMLF but not towards PGD2. | 2009 | Inflammation | pmid:19132521 |
Kim DH et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 upregulates the expression of heme oxygenase-1 and subsequently matrix metalloproteinase-1 in human breast cancer cells: possible roles of iron and ROS. | 2009 | Carcinogenesis | pmid:19136476 |
Kar R et al. | A novel role for MAP1 LC3 in nonautophagic cytoplasmic vacuolation death of cancer cells. | 2009 | Oncogene | pmid:19448671 |
Zhang GY et al. | Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma inhibits transforming growth factor-beta1 induction of connective tissue growth factor and extracellular matrix in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts in vitro. | 2009 | Arch. Dermatol. Res. | pmid:19466435 |
Ulbrich SE et al. | Quantitative characterization of prostaglandins in the uterus of early pregnant cattle. | 2009 | Reproduction | pmid:19470711 |
Shichijo M et al. | A prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonist modifies experimental asthma in sheep. | 2009 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:19486034 |
Wang X et al. | Potential effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activator on LPS-induced lung injury in rats. | 2009 | Pulm Pharmacol Ther | pmid:19489131 |
Tokudome S et al. | Glucocorticoid protects rodent hearts from ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase-derived PGD2 biosynthesis. | 2009 | J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:19451694 |
Mickleborough TD et al. | Eicosapentaenoic acid is more effective than docosahexaenoic acid in inhibiting proinflammatory mediator production and transcription from LPS-induced human asthmatic alveolar macrophage cells. | 2009 | Clin Nutr | pmid:19054597 |
Arnaud LT et al. | Proteasome-caspase-cathepsin sequence leading to tau pathology induced by prostaglandin J2 in neuronal cells. | 2009 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:19457109 |
Olmos G et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin-J(2) reveals a new pVHL-independent, lysosomal-dependent mechanism of HIF-1alpha degradation. | 2009 | Cell. Mol. Life Sci. | pmid:19458911 |
Brechbuhl HM et al. | Select cyclopentenone prostaglandins trigger glutathione efflux and the role of ABCG2 transport. | 2009 | Free Radic. Biol. Med. | pmid:19520157 |
Ramji DP | Growth hormone-releasing peptides, CD36, and stimulation of cholesterol efflux: cyclooxygenase-2 is the link. | 2009 | Cardiovasc. Res. | pmid:19520704 |
Xue L et al. | Novel function of CRTH2 in preventing apoptosis of human Th2 cells through activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. | 2009 | J. Immunol. | pmid:19494281 |
Yamamura K et al. | Intracellular protein phosphorylation in eosinophils and the functional relevance in cytokine production. | 2009 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:19494504 |
Chiba T et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 induces IL-8 and GM-CSF in a human airway epithelial cell line (NCI-H292). | 2009 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:19494510 |
Niki E | Lipid peroxidation: physiological levels and dual biological effects. | 2009 | Free Radic. Biol. Med. | pmid:19500666 |
Suk FM et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) inhibits fibrogenic response in human hepatoma cells. | 2009 | Toxicol. Lett. | pmid:19429239 |
Kansanen E et al. | Regulation of Nrf2-dependent gene expression by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2009 | Free Radic. Biol. Med. | pmid:19573595 |
Cocca C et al. | 15-Deoxi-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 is a tubulin-binding agent that destabilizes microtubules and induces mitotic arrest. | 2009 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:19576185 |
Moniot B et al. | The PGD2 pathway, independently of FGF9, amplifies SOX9 activity in Sertoli cells during male sexual differentiation. | 2009 | Development | pmid:19429785 |
Relic B et al. | Genistein induces adipogenesis but inhibits leptin induction in human synovial fibroblasts. | 2009 | Lab. Invest. | pmid:19434061 |
Jung WK et al. | The 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits LPS-stimulated AKT and NF-kappaB activation and suppresses interleukin-6 in osteoblast-like cells MC3T3E-1. | 2009 | Life Sci. | pmid:19409914 |
Strakhova MI et al. | In vitro and in vivo characterization of A-940894: a potent histamine H4 receptor antagonist with anti-inflammatory properties. | 2009 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:19413570 |
Bujold K et al. | CD36-mediated cholesterol efflux is associated with PPARgamma activation via a MAPK-dependent COX-2 pathway in macrophages. | 2009 | Cardiovasc. Res. | pmid:19377069 |
Mrabet-Dahbi S et al. | Murine mast cells secrete a unique profile of cytokines and prostaglandins in response to distinct TLR2 ligands. | 2009 | Exp. Dermatol. | pmid:19382314 |
Li H and Pauza CD | Effects of 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) and rosiglitazone on human gammadelta2 T cells. | 2009 | PLoS ONE | pmid:19888466 |
Landrier JF et al. | Adiponectin expression is induced by vitamin E via a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-dependent mechanism. | 2009 | Endocrinology | pmid:19833717 |
Lauring B et al. | Laropiprant in combination with extended-release niacin does not alter urine 11-dehydrothromboxane B2, a marker of in vivo platelet function, in healthy, hypercholesterolemic, and diabetic subjects. | 2009 | J Clin Pharmacol | pmid:19833861 |
Davies NJ et al. | AKR1C isoforms represent a novel cellular target for jasmonates alongside their mitochondrial-mediated effects. | 2009 | Cancer Res. | pmid:19487289 |
Khanim FL et al. | Combined bezafibrate and medroxyprogesterone acetate: potential novel therapy for acute myeloid leukaemia. | 2009 | PLoS ONE | pmid:19997560 |
Pustovrh MC et al. | MMP/ TIMP balance is modulated in vitro by 15dPGJ(2) in fetuses and placentas from diabetic rats. | 2009 | Eur. J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:19811527 |
Piprek RP | Genetic mechanisms underlying male sex determination in mammals. | 2009 | J. Appl. Genet. | pmid:19875885 |
Csányi G et al. | Effects of 3-aminopyridine-induced seizures on platelet eicosanoid synthesis. | 2008 May-Jun | Pharmacol Rep | pmid:18622059 |
Kalogeromitros D et al. | A quercetin containing supplement reduces niacin-induced flush in humans. | 2008 Jul-Sep | Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol | pmid:18831918 |
Papageorgiou E et al. | Rosiglitazone attenuates insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor survival signaling in PC-3 cells. | 2008 Jul-Aug | Mol. Med. | pmid:18475308 |
Pettipher R and Hansel TT | Antagonists of the prostaglandin D2 receptor CRTH2. | 2008 Jul-Aug | Drug News Perspect. | pmid:18836589 |
Takahashi N et al. | Molecular characterization of TRPA1 channel activation by cysteine-reactive inflammatory mediators. | 2008 Jul-Aug | Channels (Austin) | pmid:18769139 |
Tokuda H et al. | Function of Rho-kinase in prostaglandin D2-induced interleukin-6 synthesis in osteoblasts. | 2008 Jul-Aug | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:18771907 |
Wang S et al. | AKR1C2 and AKR1C3 mediated prostaglandin D2 metabolism augments the PI3K/Akt proliferative signaling pathway in human prostate cancer cells. | 2008 | Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. | pmid:18508192 |
Curfs DM et al. | Macrophage secretory phospholipase A2 group X enhances anti-inflammatory responses, promotes lipid accumulation, and contributes to aberrant lung pathology. | 2008 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:18511424 |
Qiao L et al. | Loss of XIAP sensitizes colon cancer cells to PPARgamma independent antitumor effects of troglitazone and 15-PGJ2. | 2008 | Cancer Lett. | pmid:18477501 |
Ulivi V et al. | 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J(2) inhibits the synthesis of the acute phase protein SIP24 in cartilage: Involvement of COX-2 in resolution of inflammation. | 2008 | J. Cell. Physiol. | pmid:18615580 |
Gressner OA et al. | Pharmacological application of caffeine inhibits TGF-beta-stimulated connective tissue growth factor expression in hepatocytes via PPARgamma and SMAD2/3-dependent pathways. | 2008 | J. Hepatol. | pmid:18486259 |
Tajima T et al. | Lipopolysaccharide induces macrophage migration via prostaglandin D(2) and prostaglandin E(2). | 2008 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:18492946 |
Ghosh AK et al. | Constitutive Smad signaling and Smad-dependent collagen gene expression in mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. | 2008 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:18627765 |
Genovese T et al. | Effect of cyclopentanone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-delta12,14PGJ2 on early functional recovery from experimental spinal cord injury. | 2008 | Shock | pmid:18628687 |
Alba G et al. | Heme oxygenase-1 expression is down-regulated by angiotensin II and under hypertension in human neutrophils. | 2008 | J. Leukoc. Biol. | pmid:18515325 |
Yoon HJ et al. | Regulation of TLR2 expression by prostaglandins in brain glia. | 2008 | J. Immunol. | pmid:18523308 |
Bissonnette SL et al. | An endogenous prostaglandin enhances environmental phthalate-induced apoptosis in bone marrow B cells: activation of distinct but overlapping pathways. | 2008 | J. Immunol. | pmid:18641309 |
Qiao L et al. | Down-regulation of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis synergistically enhanced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand-induced growth inhibition in colon cancer. | 2008 | Mol. Cancer Ther. | pmid:18645029 |
Ragolia L et al. | Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D(2) synthase stimulates glucose transport via enhanced GLUT4 translocation. | 2008 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:18619553 |
Shiraishi Y et al. | Cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin D2/CRTH2 pathway mediates double-stranded RNA-induced enhancement of allergic airway inflammation. | 2008 | J. Immunol. | pmid:18097056 |
Yang JH et al. | Anti-allergic activity of an ethanol extract from Salviae miltiorrhiza. | 2008 | Arch. Pharm. Res. | pmid:19099230 |
Napimoga MH et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand, 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2, reduces neutrophil migration via a nitric oxide pathway. | 2008 | J. Immunol. | pmid:18097063 |
Dubourdeau M et al. | Opposite roles of STAT and PPARgamma in the induction of p21WAF1 expression by IL-13 in human peripheral blood monocytes. | 2008 | Eur. Cytokine Netw. | pmid:19103521 |
Horváth B et al. | Carbon monoxide-prostaglandin E2 interaction in the hypothalamic circulation. | 2008 | Neuroreport | pmid:18815586 |
Fujimori K et al. | Enhancement of prostaglandin D(2) production through cyclooxygenase-2 and lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase by upstream stimulatory factor 1 in human brain-derived TE671 cells under serum starvation. | 2008 | Gene | pmid:18817855 |
GarcÃa-Bueno B et al. | Stress mediators regulate brain prostaglandin synthesis and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation after stress in rats. | 2008 | Endocrinology | pmid:18079203 |
Muñoz U et al. | On the mechanism of inhibition of p27 degradation by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in lymphoblasts of Alzheimer's disease patients. | 2008 | Cell. Mol. Life Sci. | pmid:18818877 |
Jin YR et al. | Antiplatelet activity of epigallocatechin gallate is mediated by the inhibition of PLCgamma2 phosphorylation, elevation of PGD2 production, and maintaining calcium-ATPase activity. | 2008 | J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. | pmid:18209568 |
Choi IK et al. | PPAR-gamma ligand promotes the growth of APC-mutated HT-29 human colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. | 2008 | Invest New Drugs | pmid:18161004 |
Hounoki H et al. | Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma inhibits TNF-alpha-mediated osteoclast differentiation in human peripheral monocytes in part via suppression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression. | 2008 | Bone | pmid:18242157 |
Zhao H et al. | Rubimetide (Met-Arg-Trp) derived from Rubisco exhibits anxiolytic-like activity via the DP1 receptor in male ddY mice. | 2008 | Peptides | pmid:18243414 |
Ohinata K et al. | Central prostaglandin D(2) stimulates food intake via the neuropeptide Y system in mice. | 2008 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:18258196 |
Perbandt M et al. | Structure of the extracellular glutathione S-transferase OvGST1 from the human pathogenic parasite Onchocerca volvulus. | 2008 | J. Mol. Biol. | pmid:18258257 |
Kim EH et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 induces COX-2 expression through Akt-driven AP-1 activation in human breast cancer cells: a potential role of ROS. | 2008 | Carcinogenesis | pmid:18192694 |
Prenn C et al. | CRTH2 is not involved in the anti-enteropooling effect of PGD2 in the small intestine. | 2008 | Pharmacology | pmid:18212515 |
Inagaki S et al. | Human liver dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 1-catalyzed reaction generating 9alpha,11beta-prostaglandin F2 from prostaglandin D2 followed by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. | 2008 | J Sep Sci | pmid:18307166 |
Paolini JF et al. | Effects of laropiprant on nicotinic acid-induced flushing in patients with dyslipidemia. | 2008 | Am. J. Cardiol. | pmid:18308010 |
Crabb SJ et al. | BAG-1 inhibits PPARgamma-induced cell death, but not PPARgamma-induced transcription, cell cycle arrest or differentiation in breast cancer cells. | 2008 | Oncol. Rep. | pmid:18288403 |
Hong HY et al. | Up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 expression through the Rac1/NADPH oxidase/ROS/p38 signaling cascade mediates the anti-inflammatory effect of 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 in murine macrophages. | 2008 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:18291107 |
Giannini L et al. | Activation of cannabinoid receptors prevents antigen-induced asthma-like reaction in guinea pigs. | 2008 | J. Cell. Mol. Med. | pmid:18266975 |
Malki S et al. | [Prostaglandin D2: new roles in the embryonic and pathological gonad]. | 2008 | Med Sci (Paris) | pmid:18272080 |
Ono E et al. | Salicylamide-induced anaphylaxis: increased urinary leukotriene E4 and prostaglandin D2 metabolite. | 2008 | Allergy | pmid:18315738 |
Hao GH et al. | Agonists at PPAR-gamma suppress angiotensin II-induced production of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and extracellular matrix in rat cardiac fibroblasts. | 2008 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:18278065 |
Khan AH et al. | Effect of femto to nano molar concentrations of prostaglandin analogues on pregnant rat uterine contractility. | 2008 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:18177857 |