Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Uehara Y | [PGD(2)/L-PGDS system in hypertension and renal injury]. | 2004 | Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi | pmid:14695455 |
Miwa Y et al. | Physiology and pharmacology of the prostaglandin J2 family. | 2004 | Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi | pmid:14695456 |
Fernández-Tome M et al. | COX-2-mediated PGD2 synthesis regulates phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in rat renal papillary tissue. | 2004 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:14698037 |
Matsuo T et al. | 15d-PGJ2 inhibits oxidized LDL-induced macrophage proliferation by inhibition of GM-CSF production via inactivation of NF-kappaB. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:14741709 |
Józkowicz A et al. | Opposite effects of prostaglandin-J2 on VEGF in normoxia and hypoxia: role of HIF-1. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:14715242 |
Neuhofer W et al. | Chronic COX-2 inhibition reduces medullary HSP70 expression and induces papillary apoptosis in dehydrated rats. | 2004 | Kidney Int. | pmid:14717913 |
Ward JE et al. | PPAR gamma ligands, 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 and rosiglitazone regulate human cultured airway smooth muscle proliferation through different mechanisms. | 2004 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:14718259 |
Ray DM et al. | Human multiple myeloma cells express peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and undergo apoptosis upon exposure to PPARgamma ligands. | 2004 | Clin. Immunol. | pmid:15451478 |
Abraha D et al. | (S,S)-formoterol increases the production of IL-4 in mast cells and the airways of a murine asthma model. | 2004 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:15031612 |
Rodway HA et al. | Lysophosphatidic acid attenuates the cytotoxic effects and degree of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activation induced by 15-deoxyDelta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in neuroblastoma cells. | 2004 | Biochem. J. | pmid:15171682 |
Morii E and Oboki K | MITF is necessary for generation of prostaglandin D2 in mouse mast cells. | 2004 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:15375155 |
Kumagai M et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 inhibits the IL-1beta-induced expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells. | 2004 | Tohoku J. Exp. Med. | pmid:14998300 |
Emi M and Maeyama K | The biphasic effects of cyclopentenone prostaglandins, prostaglandin J(2) and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) on proliferation and apoptosis in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. | 2004 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:15013841 |
Waits PS et al. | Nociceptin/orphanin FQ modulates human T cell function in vitro. | 2004 | J. Neuroimmunol. | pmid:15020071 |
Azuma Y et al. | Possible involvement of p38 in mechanisms underlying acceleration of proliferation by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 and the precursors in leukemia cell line THP-1. | 2004 | J. Pharmacol. Sci. | pmid:15037811 |
Diab A et al. | Ligands for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and the retinoid X receptor exert additive anti-inflammatory effects on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | 2004 | J. Neuroimmunol. | pmid:14975592 |
Paumi CM et al. | Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) inhibit transcriptional activation by the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) ligand, 15-deoxy-delta 12,14prostaglandin J2 (15-d-PGJ2). | 2004 | Biochemistry | pmid:14979731 |
Yoshida M et al. | Methotrexate enhances prostaglandin D2-stimulated heat shock protein 27 induction in osteoblasts. | 2004 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:15519494 |
Giri S et al. | The 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits the inflammatory response in primary rat astrocytes via down-regulating multiple steps in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-NF-kappaB-p300 pathway independent of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. | 2004 | J. Immunol. | pmid:15470065 |
Hayaishi O et al. | Genes for prostaglandin d synthase and receptor as well as adenosine A2A receptor are involved in the homeostatic regulation of nrem sleep. | 2004 | Arch Ital Biol | pmid:15493554 |
Emmans VC et al. | Regulation of cellular processes by PPARgamma ligands in neuroblastoma cells is modulated by the level of retinoblastoma protein expression. | 2004 | Biochem. Soc. Trans. | pmid:15494029 |
Huang H et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands improve the antitumor efficacy of thrombospondin peptide ABT510. | 2004 | Mol. Cancer Res. | pmid:15498928 |
Asami-Miyagishi R et al. | Expression and function of PPARgamma in rat placental development. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:14766236 |
Hayashi N et al. | Antitumor effects of peroxisome proliferator activate receptor gamma ligands on anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. | 2004 | Int. J. Oncol. | pmid:14654945 |
Higashihara H et al. | Hypoxia-reoxygenation enhances interleukin-8 production from U937 human monocytic cells. | 2004 | Redox Rep. | pmid:15720834 |
Takagi T et al. | A PPAR-gamma ligand, 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J(2), inhibited gastric mucosal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats. | 2004 | Redox Rep. | pmid:15720836 |
Blázovics A et al. | [Cytokines, prostaglandins, nutritive and non-nuitritive factors in inflammatory bowel diseases]. | 2004 | Orv Hetil | pmid:15662752 |
Trottein F et al. | Role of the D prostanoid receptor 1 in the modulation of immune and inflammatory responses. | 2004 | Crit. Rev. Immunol. | pmid:15663363 |
Yuan Z et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands ameliorate experimental autoimmune myocarditis associated with inhibition of self-sensitive T cells. | 2004 | J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. | pmid:15167281 |
Lee KJ et al. | Ox-LDL suppresses PMA-induced MMP-9 expression and activity through CD36-mediated activation of PPAR-g. | 2004 | Exp. Mol. Med. | pmid:15665586 |
Weber SM et al. | PPARgamma is not required for the inhibitory actions of PGJ2 on cytokine signaling in pancreatic beta-cells. | 2004 | Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. | pmid:14600076 |
Asada K et al. | Antiinflammatory roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in human alveolar macrophages. | 2004 | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | pmid:14563653 |
Weber SM et al. | PPARgamma ligands induce ER stress in pancreatic beta-cells: ER stress activation results in attenuation of cytokine signaling. | 2004 | Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. | pmid:15315910 |
Szczeklik W et al. | Functional effects and gender association of COX-2 gene polymorphism G-765C in bronchial asthma. | 2004 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:15316498 |
Siavash H et al. | Abrogation of IL-6-mediated JAK signalling by the cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15d-PGJ(2) in oral squamous carcinoma cells. | 2004 | Br. J. Cancer | pmid:15316561 |
Sánchez-Gómez FJ et al. | Protein thiol modification by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 addition in mesangial cells: role in the inhibition of pro-inflammatory genes. | 2004 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:15317873 |
Shahab R et al. | Prostaglandins, leukotrienes and perennial rhinitis. | 2004 | J Laryngol Otol | pmid:15318955 |
Lim SY et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J(2) protects against nitrosative PC12 cell death through up-regulation of intracellular glutathione synthesis. | 2004 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:15319433 |
Sasaguri T and Miwa Y | Prostaglandin J2 family and the cardiovascular system. | 2004 | Curr Vasc Pharmacol | pmid:15320511 |
Servidei T et al. | The cellular response to PPARgamma ligands is related to the phenotype of neuroblastoma cell lines. | 2004 | Oncol. Res. | pmid:15301425 |
Boyault S et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) inhibits IL-1beta-induced IKK enzymatic activity and IkappaBalpha degradation in rat chondrocytes through a PPARgamma-independent pathway. | 2004 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:15304320 |
Ichiki T et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 and thiazolidinediones transactivate epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:15369766 |
Schlezinger JJ et al. | Environmental and endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists induce bone marrow B cell growth arrest and apoptosis: interactions between mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, 9-cis-retinoic acid, and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2004 | J. Immunol. | pmid:15322177 |
Si Q et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits IFN-inducible protein 10/CXC chemokine ligand 10 expression in human microglia: mechanisms and implications. | 2004 | J. Immunol. | pmid:15322215 |
Cheng J et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands, 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2, and ciglitazone, induce growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest in hepatic oval cells. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:15325252 |
Luster AD and Tager AM | T-cell trafficking in asthma: lipid mediators grease the way. | 2004 | Nat. Rev. Immunol. | pmid:15343370 |
Son DJ et al. | Antiplatelet effect of green tea catechins: a possible mechanism through arachidonic acid pathway. | 2004 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:15172681 |
Takeshita K et al. | CRTH2 is a prominent effector in contact hypersensitivity-induced neutrophil inflammation. | 2004 | Int. Immunol. | pmid:15173122 |
Cipollone F et al. | Balance between PGD synthase and PGE synthase is a major determinant of atherosclerotic plaque instability in humans. | 2004 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:15155382 |
Ward C et al. | Regulation of granulocyte apoptosis by NF-kappaB. | 2004 | Biochem. Soc. Trans. | pmid:15157161 |
Miwa Y et al. | Involvement of clusterin in 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2-induced vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:15158456 |
Hsu MF et al. | Inhibition of the arachidonic acid cascade by norathyriol via blockade of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase activity in neutrophils. | 2004 | Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. | pmid:15083266 |
Karimi K et al. | Substance P can stimulate prostaglandin D2 and leukotriene C4 generation without granule exocytosis in murine mast cells. | 2004 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:15063154 |
Chana RS et al. | Differential effects of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma) ligands in proximal tubular cells: thiazolidinediones are partial PPAR gamma agonists. | 2004 | Kidney Int. | pmid:15149321 |
Garg TK and Chang JY | 15-deoxy-delta 12, 14-Prostaglandin J2 prevents reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial membrane depolarization induced by oxidative stress. | 2004 | BMC Pharmacol. | pmid:15149553 |
Park EY et al. | Transactivation of the PPAR-responsive enhancer module in chemopreventive glutathione S-transferase gene by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and retinoid X receptor heterodimer. | 2004 | Cancer Res. | pmid:15150131 |
Akbiyik F et al. | Human bone marrow megakaryocytes and platelets express PPARgamma, and PPARgamma agonists blunt platelet release of CD40 ligand and thromboxanes. | 2004 | Blood | pmid:15130939 |
Han S et al. | Ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma inhibit lung cancer cell growth and induce apoptosis by stimulation of P21 expression. | 2004 | Chest | pmid:15136464 |
Collin M et al. | Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma in the protection afforded by 15-deoxydelta12,14 prostaglandin J2 against the multiple organ failure caused by endotoxin. | 2004 | Crit. Care Med. | pmid:15090969 |
Moore RM et al. | Physiological apoptotic agents have different effects upon human amnion epithelial and mesenchymal cells. | 2003 Feb-Mar | Placenta | pmid:12566244 |
Kanaoka Y and Urade Y | Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase. | 2003 Aug-Sep | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:12895599 |
Nagata K and Hirai H | The second PGD(2) receptor CRTH2: structure, properties, and functions in leukocytes. | 2003 Aug-Sep | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:12895600 |
Powell WS | A novel PGD(2) receptor expressed in eosinophils. | 2003 Aug-Sep | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:12895601 |
Kabashima K and Narumiya S | The DP receptor, allergic inflammation and asthma. | 2003 Aug-Sep | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:12895602 |
Aoun P et al. | Neuroprotective effects of PPARgamma agonists against oxidative insults in HT-22 cells. | 2003 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12860474 |
Zanoni G et al. | First total synthesis of JS isoprostane. | 2003 | J. Org. Chem. | pmid:12868940 |
Zahradka P et al. | Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma1 inhibits human smooth muscle cell proliferation. | 2003 | Mol. Cell. Biochem. | pmid:12841350 |
Keelan JA et al. | Cytokines, prostaglandins and parturition--a review. | 2003 | Placenta | pmid:12842412 |
Chen CW et al. | Inhibition of IFN-gamma-mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase induction by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2, involves inhibition of the upstream Janus kinase/STAT1 signaling pathway. | 2003 | J. Immunol. | pmid:12847270 |
Date M et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2, a ligand for peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-gamma, induces apoptosis in human hepatoma cells. | 2003 | Liver Int. | pmid:14986820 |
Piliponsky AM et al. | Non-IgE-dependent activation of human lung- and cord blood-derived mast cells is induced by eosinophil major basic protein and modulated by the membrane form of stem cell factor. | 2003 | Blood | pmid:12393403 |
Lee TS et al. | Induction of heme oxygenase-1 expression in murine macrophages is essential for the anti-inflammatory effect of low dose 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:12642589 |
Pavan L et al. | Human invasive trophoblasts transformed with simian virus 40 provide a new tool to study the role of PPARgamma in cell invasion process. | 2003 | Carcinogenesis | pmid:12807721 |
Guyton K et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists modulate macrophage activation by gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial stimuli. | 2003 | Shock | pmid:12813370 |
Burgermeister E et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma upregulates caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 expression in human carcinoma cells. | 2003 | Oncogene | pmid:12813462 |
Zingarelli B et al. | Peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-gamma ligands, 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 and ciglitazone, reduce systemic inflammation in polymicrobial sepsis by modulation of signal transduction pathways. | 2003 | J. Immunol. | pmid:14662889 |
Urade Y et al. | Sleep regulation in adenosine A2A receptor-deficient mice. | 2003 | Neurology | pmid:14663019 |
Placha W et al. | The effect of PPARgamma ligands on the proliferation and apoptosis of human melanoma cells. | 2003 | Melanoma Res. | pmid:14512786 |
Bell-Parikh LC et al. | Biosynthesis of 15-deoxy-delta12,14-PGJ2 and the ligation of PPARgamma. | 2003 | J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:12975479 |
Shichijo M et al. | Chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells activation in vivo increases blood leukocyte counts and its blockade abrogates 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin D2-induced eosinophilia in rats. | 2003 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:12975488 |
Pierzchalska M et al. | Deficient prostaglandin E2 production by bronchial fibroblasts of asthmatic patients, with special reference to aspirin-induced asthma. | 2003 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:12743569 |
Gao L et al. | Formation of prostaglandins E2 and D2 via the isoprostane pathway: a mechanism for the generation of bioactive prostaglandins independent of cyclooxygenase. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:12746435 |
Kanbe E et al. | DR1-like element in human topoisomerase IIalpha gene involved in enhancement of etoposide-induced apoptosis by PPARgamma ligand. | 2003 | Exp. Hematol. | pmid:12691917 |
Jowsey IR et al. | Expression of the murine glutathione S-transferase alpha3 (GSTA3) subunit is markedly induced during adipocyte differentiation: activation of the GSTA3 gene promoter by the pro-adipogenic eicosanoid 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2003 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:14652005 |
Zernecke A et al. | Suppression of endothelial adhesion molecule up-regulation with cyclopentenone prostaglandins is dissociated from IkappaB-alpha kinase inhibition and cell death induction. | 2003 | FASEB J. | pmid:12692090 |
Hammad H et al. | Prostaglandin D2 inhibits airway dendritic cell migration and function in steady state conditions by selective activation of the D prostanoid receptor 1. | 2003 | J. Immunol. | pmid:14530310 |
Garg TK and Chang JY | Oxidative stress causes ERK phosphorylation and cell death in cultured retinal pigment epithelium: prevention of cell death by AG126 and 15-deoxy-delta 12, 14-PGJ2. | 2003 | BMC Ophthalmol | pmid:12659653 |
Fukuda T | [Trend in chemical mediator research in asthma and its application for asthma treatment]. | 2003 | Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi | pmid:14531291 |
Pérez-Sala D et al. | Molecular basis for the direct inhibition of AP-1 DNA binding by 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:14532268 |
Chung YW et al. | [Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist on Fas-mediated apoptosis in HT-29 cells]. | 2003 | Korean J Gastroenterol | pmid:14532729 |
Worley JR et al. | Metalloproteinase expression in PMA-stimulated THP-1 cells. Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma) agonists and 9-cis-retinoic acid. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:14534304 |
Zhuang H et al. | Regulation of heme oxygenase expression by cyclopentenone prostaglandins. | 2003 | Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) | pmid:12709576 |
Kämpfer H et al. | Cyclooxygenase-1-coupled prostaglandin biosynthesis constitutes an essential prerequisite for skin repair. | 2003 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:12713596 |
Brown JR et al. | Diminished production of anti-inflammatory mediators during neutrophil apoptosis and macrophage phagocytosis in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). | 2003 | J. Leukoc. Biol. | pmid:12714573 |
Tautenhahn A et al. | Activation-induced PPARgamma expression sensitizes primary human T cells toward apoptosis. | 2003 | J. Leukoc. Biol. | pmid:12714582 |
Desmond JC et al. | The aldo-keto reductase AKR1C3 is a novel suppressor of cell differentiation that provides a plausible target for the non-cyclooxygenase-dependent antineoplastic actions of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. | 2003 | Cancer Res. | pmid:12543809 |
Tanaka H et al. | Possible involvement of prostaglandins F(2alpha) and D(2) in acetylcholine-induced positive inotropy in isolated mouse left atria. | 2003 | Pharmacology | pmid:12571412 |
Söderström M et al. | Novel prostaglandin D(2)-derived activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma are formed in macrophage cell cultures. | 2003 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:12573447 |
Arici M et al. | Stimulation of proximal tubular cell apoptosis by albumin-bound fatty acids mediated by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma. | 2003 | J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. | pmid:12506134 |
Badawi AF and Badr MZ | Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and levels of prostaglandin E2 and 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in human breast cancer and metastasis. | 2003 | Int. J. Cancer | pmid:12455057 |