PGD2
Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
Cross Reference
Introduction
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
What diseases are associated with PGD2?
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Related references are mostly published in these journals:
| Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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Possible diseases from mapped MeSH terms on references
We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
PubChem Associated disorders and diseases
What pathways are associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways
Link to PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and PathwaysWhat cellular locations are associated with PGD2?
Visualization in cellular structure
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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What functions are associated with PGD2?
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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What lipids are associated with PGD2?
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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What genes are associated with PGD2?
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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What common seen animal models are associated with PGD2?
Knock-out
Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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NCBI Entrez Crosslinks
All references with PGD2
Download all related citations| Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jung SM et al. | Reduction of urate crystal-induced inflammation by root extracts from traditional oriental medicinal plants: elevation of prostaglandin D2 levels. | 2007 | Arthritis Res. Ther. | pmid:17612394 |
| Sugimoto M et al. | The anti-pruritic efficacy of TS-022, a prostanoid DP1 receptor agonist, is dependent on the endogenous prostaglandin D2 level in the skin of NC/Nga mice. | 2007 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:17328887 |
| Ruano D et al. | Family-based and case-control studies reveal no association of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase with schizophrenia. | 2007 | Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. | pmid:17230501 |
| Lee JH et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-ProstaglandinJ2 regulates dedifferentiation through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-dependent pathway but not COX-2 expression in articular chondrocytes. | 2007 | J. Korean Med. Sci. | pmid:17982241 |
| Li SJ et al. | [Effect of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma ligands on cytotrophoblast invasion in first trimester pregnancy]. | 2007 | Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi | pmid:17983488 |
| Porter DW et al. | PGJ2 inhibition of LPS-induced inflammatory mediator expression from rat alveolar macrophages. | 2007 | J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A | pmid:17966068 |
| Nitta N et al. | Quantitative analysis of eosinophil chemotaxis tracked using a novel optical device -- TAXIScan. | 2007 | J. Immunol. Methods | pmid:17289072 |
| Chiba T et al. | Possible novel receptor for PGD2 on human bronchial epithelial cells. | 2007 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:17541272 |
| Engdahl R et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) mediates repression of TNF-alpha by decreasing levels of acetylated histone H3 and H4 at its promoter. | 2007 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:17532302 |
| Lin MS et al. | Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma inhibits cell growth via apoptosis and arrest of the cell cycle in human colorectal cancer. | 2007 | J Dig Dis | pmid:17532820 |
| Futaki N et al. | Role of prostaglandins on mechanical scratching-induced cutaneous barrier disruption in mice. | 2007 | Exp. Dermatol. | pmid:17518991 |
| Aschenbach JR et al. | Functional characteristics of the porcine colonic epithelium following transportation stress and Salmonella infection. | 2007 | Scand. J. Gastroenterol. | pmid:17505993 |
| Wang XS et al. | PGE suppresses excessive anti-IgE induced cysteinyl leucotrienes production in mast cells of patients with aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease. | 2007 | Allergy | pmid:17508965 |
| Monroy MA et al. | THE PPARgamma ligand 15d-PGJ2 modulates macrophage activation after injury in a murine trauma model. | 2007 | Shock | pmid:17510607 |
| Nagai H | [The role of lipid mediators in allergic diseases]. | 2007 | Arerugi | pmid:17615500 |
| Kaplan J et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma is required for the inhibitory effect of ciglitazone but not 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 on the NFkappaB pathway in human endothelial cells. | 2007 | Shock | pmid:17621259 |
| Pierzchalska M et al. | Deficiency of cyclooxygenases transcripts in cultured primary bronchial epithelial cells of aspirin-sensitive asthmatics. | 2007 | J. Physiol. Pharmacol. | pmid:17622692 |
| Lin TH et al. | PPARgamma inhibits osteogenesis via the down-regulation of the expression of COX-2 and iNOS in rats. | 2007 | Bone | pmid:17669705 |
| Fionda C et al. | Inhibition of trail gene expression by cyclopentenonic prostaglandin 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in T lymphocytes. | 2007 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:17673570 |
| Joo M et al. | Induction and function of lipocalin prostaglandin D synthase in host immunity. | 2007 | J. Immunol. | pmid:17675519 |
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| Chintalgattu V et al. | PPAR-gamma agonists induce the expression of VEGF and its receptors in cultured cardiac myofibroblasts. | 2007 | Cardiovasc. Res. | pmid:17320065 |
| Yoon EK et al. | ERK-1/-2 and p38 kinase oppositely regulate 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandinJ(2)-Induced PPAR-gamma activation that mediates dedifferentiation but not cyclooxygenase-2 expression in articular chondrocytes. | 2007 | J. Korean Med. Sci. | pmid:18162716 |
| Meyers CD et al. | Nicotinic acid induces secretion of prostaglandin D2 in human macrophages: an in vitro model of the niacin flush. | 2007 | Atherosclerosis | pmid:16945375 |
| Rollins MD et al. | Anti-inflammatory effects of PPAR-gamma agonists directly correlate with PPAR-gamma expression during acute pancreatitis. | 2006 Sep-Oct | J. Gastrointest. Surg. | pmid:16966031 |
| Goya K et al. | The thiazolidinedione drug troglitazone up-regulates nitric oxide synthase expression in vascular endothelial cells. | 2006 Sep-Oct | J. Diabetes Complicat. | pmid:16949522 |
| Castellani ML et al. | Rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-2H3) generate prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) after regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) activation. | 2006 Oct-Dec | Int. J. Biol. Markers | pmid:17177158 |
| Lappas M et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) and troglitazone regulation of the release of phospholipid metabolites, inflammatory cytokines and proteases from human gestational tissues. | 2006 Nov-Dec | Placenta | pmid:16434095 |
| Urade Y | Twenty-fifth anniversary of the discovery of somnogenic activity of prostaglandin D2: sleep research directed by Osamu Hayaishi. | 2006 May-Jun | IUBMB Life | pmid:16754308 |
| Okano M et al. | Presence and characterization of prostaglandin D2-related molecules in nasal mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis. | 2006 May-Jun | Am J Rhinol | pmid:16871941 |
| Guyer BJ et al. | Mast cell inhibitor R112 is well tolerated and affects prostaglandin D2 but not other mediators, symptoms, or nasal volumes in a nasal challenge model of allergic rhinitis. | 2006 May-Jun | Allergy Asthma Proc | pmid:16913263 |
| Kim SJ et al. | Effects of methyl gallate on arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes: Cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2006 | Arch. Pharm. Res. | pmid:17121182 |
| Berruyer C et al. | Vanin-1 licenses inflammatory mediator production by gut epithelial cells and controls colitis by antagonizing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activity. | 2006 | J. Exp. Med. | pmid:17145956 |
| Qu WM et al. | Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase produces prostaglandin D2 involved in regulation of physiological sleep. | 2006 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:17093043 |
| Arai I | [Role of cutaneous prostaglandin D2 production on scratching dermatitis in mice]. | 2006 | Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi | pmid:17167214 |
| Akabane H et al. | Effects of salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate on immunological activation of human cultured mast cells. | 2006 | Allergol Int | pmid:17130681 |
| Ishimura M et al. | Effects of KP-496, a novel dual antagonist for leukotriene D4 and thromboxane A2 receptors, on contractions induced by various agonists in the guinea pig trachea. | 2006 | Allergol Int | pmid:17130683 |
| Mathiesen JM et al. | On the mechanism of interaction of potent surmountable and insurmountable antagonists with the prostaglandin D2 receptor CRTH2. | 2006 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:16418339 |
| Barreto EO et al. | High levels of filamentous actin and apoptosis correlate with mast cell refractoriness under alloxan-evoked diabetes. | 2006 | Life Sci. | pmid:16647092 |
| Funovics P et al. | Effects of 15d-PGJ(2) on VEGF-induced angiogenic activities and expression of VEGF receptors in endothelial cells. | 2006 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:16647637 |
| Jin MH et al. | Anti-inflammatory activity of Ailanthus altissima in ovalbumin-induced lung inflammation. | 2006 | Biol. Pharm. Bull. | pmid:16651713 |
| Mohri I et al. | Prostaglandin D2-mediated microglia/astrocyte interaction enhances astrogliosis and demyelination in twitcher. | 2006 | J. Neurosci. | pmid:16624958 |
| Hauser B et al. | Effects of 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin-J2 during hyperdynamic porcine endotoxemia. | 2006 | Intensive Care Med | pmid:16534570 |
| Lee SJ et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and retinoic acid X receptor alpha represses the TGFbeta1 gene via PTEN-mediated p70 ribosomal S6 kinase-1 inhibition: role for Zf9 dephosphorylation. | 2006 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:16611854 |
| Rockwell CE et al. | Interleukin-2 suppression by 2-arachidonyl glycerol is mediated through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma independently of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2. | 2006 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:16611855 |
| Arnold R and König W | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists inhibit the replication of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in human lung epithelial cells. | 2006 | Virology | pmid:16616290 |
| Cheng K et al. | Antagonism of the prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 suppresses nicotinic acid-induced vasodilation in mice and humans. | 2006 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:16617107 |
| Sheddan NA and Mulzer J | Cross metathesis as a general strategy for the synthesis of prostacyclin and prostaglandin analogues. | 2006 | Org. Lett. | pmid:16805562 |
| Chiang PC et al. | Induction of Fas clustering and apoptosis by coral prostanoid in human hormone-resistant prostate cancer cells. | 2006 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:16806159 |
| Ogburn KD et al. | Prostaglandin J2 reduces catechol-O-methyltransferase activity and enhances dopamine toxicity in neuronal cells. | 2006 | Neurobiol. Dis. | pmid:16406650 |
| Honma Y et al. | Effects of indomethacin and dexamethasone on mechanical scratching-induced cutaneous barrier disruption in mice. | 2006 | Exp. Dermatol. | pmid:16761958 |
| Lin TN et al. | 15d-prostaglandin J2 protects brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury. | 2006 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:16385084 |
| Ding J et al. | Cyclooxygenase isozymes are expressed in human myeloma cells but not involved in anti-proliferative effect of cyclooxygenase inhibitors. | 2006 | Mol. Carcinog. | pmid:16385588 |
| Landar A et al. | Interaction of electrophilic lipid oxidation products with mitochondria in endothelial cells and formation of reactive oxygen species. | 2006 | Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. | pmid:16387790 |
| Ou Z et al. | Neuronal expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) and 15d-prostaglandin J2--mediated protection of brain after experimental cerebral ischemia in rat. | 2006 | Brain Res. | pmid:16725118 |
| Lee S et al. | Rosiglitazone ameliorates cisplatin-induced renal injury in mice. | 2006 | Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. | pmid:16728429 |
| Rajasingh J and Bright JJ | 15-Deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 regulates leukemia inhibitory factor signaling through JAK-STAT pathway in mouse embryonic stem cells. | 2006 | Exp. Cell Res. | pmid:16737695 |
| Wang Z et al. | Prostaglandin J2 alters pro-survival and pro-death gene expression patterns and 26 S proteasome assembly in human neuroblastoma cells. | 2006 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:16737963 |
| Yasugi E et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands stimulate myeloid differentiation and lipogenensis in human leukemia NB4 cells. | 2006 | Dev. Growth Differ. | pmid:16573735 |
| Cuzzocrea S | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and acute lung injury. | 2006 | Curr Opin Pharmacol | pmid:16580256 |
| Brannan JD et al. | Inhibition of mast cell PGD2 release protects against mannitol-induced airway narrowing. | 2006 | Eur. Respir. J. | pmid:16707393 |
| Suzuki T et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in human breast carcinoma: a modulator of estrogenic actions. | 2006 | Endocr. Relat. Cancer | pmid:16601291 |
| Bellows CF et al. | Modulation of macrophage nitric oxide production by prostaglandin D2. | 2006 | J. Surg. Res. | pmid:16289592 |
| Helliwell RJ et al. | Gestational age-dependent up-regulation of prostaglandin D synthase (PGDS) and production of PGDS-derived antiinflammatory prostaglandins in human placenta. | 2006 | J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. | pmid:16291703 |
| Stamatakis K et al. | Identification of novel protein targets for modification by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in mesangial cells reveals multiple interactions with the cytoskeleton. | 2006 | J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. | pmid:16291835 |
| Landar A et al. | Induction of the permeability transition and cytochrome c release by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in mitochondria. | 2006 | Biochem. J. | pmid:16268779 |
| Cesario RM et al. | Differentiation and growth inhibition mediated via the RXR:PPARgamma heterodimer in colon cancer. | 2006 | Cancer Lett. | pmid:16271436 |
| Ye P et al. | [The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in proliferation of cardiac non myocytes]. | 2006 | Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi | pmid:21162229 |
| Garg TK and Chang JY | Methylmercury causes oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in microglia: attenuation by 15-deoxy-delta 12, 14-prostaglandin J2. | 2006 | J. Neuroimmunol. | pmid:16225932 |
| Shiraki T et al. | Spectroscopic analyses of the binding kinetics of 15d-PGJ2 to the PPARgamma ligand-binding domain by multi-wavelength global fitting. | 2006 | Biochem. J. | pmid:16236024 |
| Fernández PL | [Stress and inflammatory bowell disease (I.B.D). Therapeutic strategies]. | 2006 | An R Acad Nac Med (Madr) | pmid:17172222 |
| Cho WH et al. | 15-deoxy-(Delta12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) induces cell death through caspase-independent mechanism in A172 human glioma cells. | 2006 | Neurochem. Res. | pmid:17006759 |
| Maciejewski-Lenoir D et al. | Langerhans cells release prostaglandin D2 in response to nicotinic acid. | 2006 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:17008871 |
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| Millán O et al. | Potentiation of tumor formation by topical administration of 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in a model of skin carcinogenesis. | 2006 | Carcinogenesis | pmid:16113051 |
| Tanaka H et al. | Polymer-assisted solution-phase synthesis and neurite-outgrowth-promoting activity of 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-PGJ2 derivatives. | 2006 | Chem Asian J | pmid:17441107 |
| Gulliksson M et al. | Release of prostaglandin D2 and leukotriene C4 in response to hyperosmolar stimulation of mast cells. | 2006 | Allergy | pmid:17073880 |
| Phulwani NK et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) and ciglitazone modulate Staphylococcus aureus-dependent astrocyte activation primarily through a PPAR-gamma-independent pathway. | 2006 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:17074064 |
| Kim EH et al. | Upregulation of VEGF by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 via heme oxygenase-1 and ERK1/2 signaling in MCF-7 cells. | 2006 | Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. | pmid:17384282 |
| Aquila S et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma is expressed by human spermatozoa: its potential role on the sperm physiology. | 2006 | J. Cell. Physiol. | pmid:16972250 |
| Gayarre J et al. | Addition of electrophilic lipids to actin alters filament structure. | 2006 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:16979589 |
| Zhang YJ et al. | Effect of 15d-PGJ2 on the expression of CD40 and RANTES induced by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha on renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2). | 2006 | Am. J. Nephrol. | pmid:16864989 |
| Schratl P et al. | Hierarchy of eosinophil chemoattractants: role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. | 2006 | Eur. J. Immunol. | pmid:16906532 |
| Ciucci A et al. | Induction of apoptosis in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells by natural and synthetic cyclopentenones: role of the IkappaB kinase/nuclear factor-kappaB pathway. | 2006 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:16908599 |
| Egan K and FitzGerald GA | Eicosanoids and the vascular endothelium. | 2006 | Handb Exp Pharmacol | pmid:16999220 |
| Sugimoto M et al. | Time course changes of scratching counts, dermatitis symptoms, and levels of cutaneous prostaglandins in NC/Nga mice. | 2006 | Exp. Dermatol. | pmid:17002684 |
| Feldon SE et al. | Activated human T lymphocytes express cyclooxygenase-2 and produce proadipogenic prostaglandins that drive human orbital fibroblast differentiation to adipocytes. | 2006 | Am. J. Pathol. | pmid:17003477 |
| Peeraully MR et al. | Prostaglandin D2 and J2-series (PGJ2, Delta12-PGJ2) prostaglandins stimulate IL-6 and MCP-1, but inhibit leptin, expression and secretion by 3T3-L1 adipocytes. | 2006 | Pflugers Arch. | pmid:16924534 |
| Eucker J et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in mantle cell lymphoma. | 2006 | Anticancer Drugs | pmid:16926626 |
| Masuda H et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 attenuates development of cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in rats. | 2006 | Urology | pmid:16461118 |
| Lee E et al. | Anti-asthmatic activity of an ethanol extract from Saururus chinensis. | 2006 | Biol. Pharm. Bull. | pmid:16462020 |
| Raetz CR et al. | Kdo2-Lipid A of Escherichia coli, a defined endotoxin that activates macrophages via TLR-4. | 2006 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:16479018 |
| Nakahata Y et al. | The in vitro real-time oscillation monitoring system identifies potential entrainment factors for circadian clocks. | 2006 | BMC Mol. Biol. | pmid:16483373 |
| Damrongsri D et al. | Effects of Delta12-prostaglandin J2 on bone regeneration and growth factor expression in rats. | 2006 | Clin Oral Implants Res | pmid:16441784 |
| Mesquita-Santos FP et al. | Cutting edge: prostaglandin D2 enhances leukotriene C4 synthesis by eosinophils during allergic inflammation: synergistic in vivo role of endogenous eotaxin. | 2006 | J. Immunol. | pmid:16424158 |
| MartÃn AR et al. | The effects of resveratrol, a phytoalexin derived from red wines, on chronic inflammation induced in an experimentally induced colitis model. | 2006 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:16474422 |
| Kang HY et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-gamma activator, ciglitazone, inhibits human melanocyte growth through induction of apoptosis. | 2006 | Arch. Dermatol. Res. | pmid:16474974 |
| Schröder O et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits the expression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase type 2 in colon cancer cells. | 2006 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:16495511 |
| King VL et al. | Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition with celecoxib decreases angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in mice. | 2006 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:16514081 |
| Ray DM et al. | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 and ciglitazone induce human B lymphocyte and B cell lymphoma apoptosis by PPARgamma-independent mechanisms. | 2006 | J. Immunol. | pmid:17015690 |