Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
---|
We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
---|
Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
---|
Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
---|
Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
---|
Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
---|
Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marone G | Control mechanisms of mediator release in human basophils and mast cells. | 1988 Nov-Dec | Immunol. Invest. | pmid:2465995 |
Jeon KI et al. | Inhibitory effects of PPARγ ligands on TGF-β1-induced corneal myofibroblast transformation. | 2014 | Am. J. Pathol. | pmid:24650561 |
pmid:24639050 | ||||
Takei M et al. | Role of cyclic AMP during histamine release. Histamine release is not directly related to increase in cyclic AMP levels in rat mast cells activated by concanavalin A, anti-IgE, antigen, prostaglandin D2 and isoproterenol. | 1988 | Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler | pmid:2463844 |
Church MM et al. | The mediator and cellular basis of the allergic response. | 1988 | Allergy | pmid:2462372 |
Bousquet J et al. | Antiallergic activity of H1-receptor antagonists assessed by nasal challenge. | 1988 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:2461406 |
Lebel B et al. | Correlation between symptoms and the threshold for release of mediators in nasal secretions during nasal challenge with grass-pollen grains. | 1988 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:2461405 |
Michel L et al. | Prostaglandin D2 generation in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells exposed to dexamethasone is associated with endogenous peroxidase activity. | 1988 | Lab. Invest. | pmid:2460694 |
Barr RM et al. | The release of prostaglandin D2 from human skin in vivo and in vitro during immediate allergic reactions. | 1988 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:2460180 |
Keery RJ and Lumley P | AH6809, a prostaglandin DP-receptor blocking drug on human platelets. | 1988 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:2460179 |
Undem BJ et al. | Isoproterenol-induced inhibition of immunoglobulin E-mediated release of histamine and arachidonic acid metabolites from the human lung mast cell. | 1988 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:2459368 |
Ormerod AD et al. | Prostaglandin D2 and histamine release in cold urticaria unaccompanied by evidence of platelet activation. | 1988 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:2459177 |
Chen S et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) promotes apoptosis of HBx-positive liver cells. | 2014 | Chem. Biol. Interact. | pmid:24582817 |
pmid:24571868 | ||||
pmid:24568186 | ||||
Brugha RE et al. | Carbon in airway macrophages from children with asthma. | 2014 | Thorax | pmid:24567296 |
Yen CC et al. | Cytotoxic effects of 15d-PGJ2 against osteosarcoma through ROS-mediated AKT and cell cycle inhibition. | 2014 | Oncotarget | pmid:24566468 |
pmid:24565634 | ||||
Schulman ES et al. | Density heterogeneity of human lung mast cells. | 1988 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:2455745 |
Bhargava S | Increased DHT levels in androgenic alopecia have been selected for to protect men from prostate cancer. | 2014 | Med. Hypotheses | pmid:24548754 |
Nieves A and Garza LA | Does prostaglandin D2 hold the cure to male pattern baldness? | 2014 | Exp. Dermatol. | pmid:24521203 |
Jeong KT et al. | Anti-allergic effect of a Korean traditional medicine, Biyeom-Tang on mast cells and allergic rhinitis. | 2014 | BMC Complement Altern Med | pmid:24521096 |
Holgate ST et al. | The contribution of mast cell mediators to acute allergic reactions in human skin and airways. | 1988 | Allergy | pmid:2451448 |
Robinson C et al. | The immunoglobulin E- and calcium-dependent release of histamine and eicosanoids from human dispersed mastocytosis spleen cells. | 1988 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:2450144 |
Heavey DJ et al. | Generation of leukotriene C4, leukotriene B4, and prostaglandin D2 by immunologically activated rat intestinal mucosa mast cells. | 1988 | J. Immunol. | pmid:2450136 |
Han XQ et al. | Advanced glycation end products promote differentiation of CD4(+) T helper cells toward pro-inflammatory response. | 2014 | J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technol. Med. Sci. | pmid:24496672 |
Schulman ES et al. | Differential effects of the complement peptides, C5a and C5a des Arg on human basophil and lung mast cell histamine release. | 1988 | J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:2449462 |
Benyon RC et al. | Prostaglandin D2 release from human skin mast cells in response to ionophore A23187. | 1987 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:2447989 |
pmid:24471457 | ||||
Kumar S et al. | Phaseolin: a 47.5kDa protein of red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plays a pivotal role in hypersensitivity induction. | 2014 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:24468678 |
Levi-Schaffer F et al. | Mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells cocultured with fibroblasts. Morphology and stimulation-induced release of histamine, leukotriene B4, leukotriene C4, and prostaglandin D2. | 1987 | J. Immunol. | pmid:2445814 |
pmid:24456221 | ||||
Tachi M et al. | Mass spectrometric determination of prostanoids in rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus microdialysates. | 2014 | Auton Neurosci | pmid:24447364 |
Lawrence ID et al. | Purification and characterization of human skin mast cells. Evidence for human mast cell heterogeneity. | 1987 | J. Immunol. | pmid:2444649 |
Williams KA et al. | Effects of activation of protein kinase C on the agonist-induced stimulation and inhibition of cyclic AMP formation in intact human platelets. | 1987 | Biochem. J. | pmid:2444206 |
Pipkorn U et al. | Effect of short-term systemic glucocorticoid treatment on human nasal mediator release after antigen challenge. | 1987 | J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:2443539 |
Kosaka Y et al. | Oxatomide inhibits the release of bronchoconstrictor arachidonic acid metabolites (iLTC4 and PGD2) from rat mast cells and guinea-pig lung. | 1987 | Agents Actions | pmid:2442981 |
Church MK et al. | Non-IgE-dependent bacteria-induced histamine release from human lung and tonsillar mast cells. | 1987 | Clin. Allergy | pmid:2441900 |
Reddy PH | Inhibitors of mitochondrial fission as a therapeutic strategy for diseases with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. | 2014 | J. Alzheimers Dis. | pmid:24413616 |
Underwood DC et al. | Blockade of thromboxane responses in the airway of the cat by SQ 29,548. | 1987 | J. Appl. Physiol. | pmid:2440845 |
Martins CA et al. | Malva sylvestris L. extract suppresses desferrioxamine-induced PGEâ‚‚ and PGDâ‚‚ release in differentiated U937 cells: the development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for prostaglandin quantification. | 2014 | Biomed. Chromatogr. | pmid:24403179 |
Leung KB et al. | Some further properties of human pulmonary mast cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage and enzymic dispersion of lung tissue. | 1987 | Agents Actions | pmid:2440274 |
Levi-Schaffer F et al. | Co-culture of human lung-derived mast cells with mouse 3T3 fibroblasts: morphology and IgE-mediated release of histamine, prostaglandin D2, and leukotrienes. | 1987 | J. Immunol. | pmid:2439587 |
Kurtz M et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands regulate lipid content, metabolism, and composition in fetal lungs of diabetic rats. | 2014 | J. Endocrinol. | pmid:24389592 |
Xue L et al. | Prostaglandin D2 activates group 2 innate lymphoid cells through chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells. | 2014 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:24388011 |
Abdel-Malek ZA et al. | In vitro modulation of proliferation and melanization of S91 melanoma cells by prostaglandins. | 1987 | Cancer Res. | pmid:2438034 |
Yaacob NS et al. | Influence of 17β-estradiol on 15-deoxy-δ12,14 prostaglandin J2 -induced apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. | 2013 | Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. | pmid:24377602 |
Weinreich D and Undem BJ | Immunological regulation of synaptic transmission in isolated guinea pig autonomic ganglia. | 1987 | J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:2437156 |
Pearce FL et al. | Some studies on human pulmonary mast cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage and by enzymic dissociation of whole lung tissue. | 1987 | Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. | pmid:2437052 |
Chi Y et al. | [Effect of 15-deoxy-Δ(12), 14-prostaglandin J2 on the cytokines in the culture supernatant of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells]. | 2013 | Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi | pmid:24370048 |
Kawabe H et al. | Differential calcium effects on prostaglandin D2 generation and histamine release from isolated rat peritoneal mast cells. | 1987 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:2436614 |
Church MK and Hiroi J | Inhibition of IgE-dependent histamine release from human dispersed lung mast cells by anti-allergic drugs and salbutamol. | 1987 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:2435353 |
Jacobsen S et al. | Synergism between thapsigargin and the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate on the release of [14C]arachidonic acid and histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells. | 1987 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:2435291 |
pmid:24352801 | ||||
Yue L et al. | Prostaglandin D(2) induces apoptosis of human osteoclasts through ERK1/2 and Akt signaling pathways. | 2014 | Bone | pmid:24345643 |
Jung WK et al. | The 15-deoxy-δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits LPS‑stimulated inflammation via enhancement of the platelet‑activating factor acetylhydrolase activity in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. | 2014 | Int. J. Mol. Med. | pmid:24337644 |
Kozuka T et al. | Prostaglandin D2 release by guinea pig skin during in vitro anaphylaxis induced by antigen and compound 48/80. | 1987 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:2433354 |
Liu H et al. | Role of prostaglandin D2 /CRTH2 pathway on asthma exacerbation induced by Aspergillus fumigatus. | 2014 | Immunology | pmid:24329550 |
Koro O et al. | Release of prostaglandin D2 and histamine in a case of localized heat urticaria, and effect of treatments. | 1986 | Br. J. Dermatol. | pmid:2432916 |
Ashby B | Kinetic evidence indicating separate stimulatory and inhibitory prostaglandin receptors on platelet membranes. | 1986 | J Cyclic Nucleotide Protein Phosphor Res | pmid:2432105 |
Wells E et al. | Characterization of primate bronchoalveolar mast cells. II. Inhibition of histamine, LTC4, and PGD2 release from primate bronchoalveolar mast cells and a comparison with rat peritoneal mast cells. | 1986 | J. Immunol. | pmid:2431049 |
Wells E et al. | Characterization of primate bronchoalveolar mast cells. I. IgE-dependent release of histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins. | 1986 | J. Immunol. | pmid:2431048 |
Kleeberger SR et al. | Central role of cyclooxygenase in the response of canine peripheral airways to antigen. | 1986 | J. Appl. Physiol. | pmid:2430928 |
Eady RP | The pharmacology of nedocromil sodium. | 1986 | Eur J Respir Dis Suppl | pmid:2429854 |
Sarashina H et al. | Opposing immunomodulatory roles of prostaglandin D2 during the progression of skin inflammation. | 2014 | J. Immunol. | pmid:24298012 |
Wang C et al. | A chemoproteomic platform to quantitatively map targets of lipid-derived electrophiles. | 2014 | Nat. Methods | pmid:24292485 |
Pierron A et al. | PGJ2 restores RA sensitivity in melanoma cells by decreasing PRAME and EZH2. | 2014 | J. Dermatol. Sci. | pmid:24289988 |
Heavey DJ et al. | Prostaglandin D2 and histamine release in cold urticaria. | 1986 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:2428856 |
Bogacka I et al. | The involvement of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) in prostaglandin F2α production by porcine endometrium. | 2013 | Reprod Biol | pmid:24287039 |
MacDermot J | Desensitization of prostacyclin responsiveness in platelets. Apparent differences in the mechanism in vitro or in vivo. | 1986 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:2427086 |
Peters SP et al. | Mediator release from human lung under conditions of reduced oxygen tension. | 1986 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:2425080 |
Oyama S et al. | A novel indole compound, AWT-489, inhibits prostaglandin D2-induced CD55 expression by acting on DP prostanoid receptors as an antagonist in LS174T human colon cancer cells. | 2014 | Arch. Biochem. Biophys. | pmid:24239863 |
Chang JE et al. | Prostaglandin D2 regulates human type 2 innate lymphoid cell chemotaxis. | 2014 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:24210841 |
Mruwat R et al. | Phospholipase A2 in experimental allergic bronchitis: a lesson from mouse and rat models. | 2013 | PLoS ONE | pmid:24204651 |
Kang ES et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 prevents oxidative injury by upregulating the expression of aldose reductase in vascular smooth muscle cells. | 2014 | Free Radic. Res. | pmid:24180671 |
Holgate ST et al. | The release and role of inflammatory mediators in asthma. | 1985 | Clin Immunol Rev | pmid:2417772 |
Olsen KC et al. | Inhibition of transglutaminase 2, a novel target for pulmonary fibrosis, by two small electrophilic molecules. | 2014 | Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. | pmid:24175906 |
Wu D et al. | Novel biphasic role of resolvin D1 on expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated lung fibroblasts is partly through PI3K/AKT and ERK2 pathways. | 2013 | Mediators Inflamm. | pmid:24174713 |
Creticos PS et al. | Nasal challenge with ragweed pollen in hay fever patients. Effect of immunotherapy. | 1985 | J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:2416777 |
Zhang S et al. | Prostaglandin D2 receptor D-type prostanoid receptor 2 mediates eosinophil trafficking into the esophagus. | 2014 | Dis. Esophagus | pmid:24165271 |
Schulman ES and Anderson CL | Lung hypersensitivity responses: dissociation of human lung mast cell leukotriene C4 (LTC4) from histamine release. | 1985 | Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. | pmid:2415994 |
Holgate ST | The role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of asthma. | 1985 Sep-Oct | Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir | pmid:2415192 |
Togias AG et al. | Nasal challenge with cold, dry air results in release of inflammatory mediators. Possible mast cell involvement. | 1985 | J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:2414318 |
Tofield A | Niacin and statin intolerable for some people. | 2013 | Eur. Heart J. | pmid:24137778 |
Kuriyan AE et al. | Orbital fibroblasts from thyroid eye disease patients differ in proliferative and adipogenic responses depending on disease subtype. | 2013 | Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. | pmid:24135759 |
Forman MB et al. | Increased adventitial mast cells in a patient with coronary spasm. | 1985 | N. Engl. J. Med. | pmid:2413358 |
Levi-Schaffer F et al. | Fibroblasts maintain the phenotype and viability of the rat heparin-containing mast cell in vitro. | 1985 | J. Immunol. | pmid:2413121 |
Fowler JC et al. | Prostaglandins block a Ca2+-dependent slow spike afterhyperpolarization independent of effects on Ca2+ influx in visceral afferent neurons. | 1985 | Brain Res. | pmid:2412652 |
Brose SA and Golovko MY | Eicosanoid post-mortem induction in kidney tissue is prevented by microwave irradiation. | 2013 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:24113545 |
Finney MJ et al. | Effects of bronchoconstrictors and bronchodilators on a novel human small airway preparation. | 1985 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:2411319 |
Lad PM et al. | Receptor-specific threshold effects of cyclic AMP are involved in the regulation of enzyme release and superoxide production from human neutrophils. | 1985 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:2411298 |
Touitou V et al. | Sustained neuroprotection from a single intravitreal injection of PGJ2 in a rodent model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. | 2013 | Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. | pmid:24106118 |
Schleimer RP et al. | Role of human basophils and mast cells in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. | 1985 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:2410478 |
Katsumata Y et al. | Endogenous prostaglandin D2 and its metabolites protect the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating Nrf2. | 2014 | Hypertension | pmid:24101662 |
Filep JG | Glucocorticoid protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: central role for the PGD2-Nrf2 pathway. | 2014 | Hypertension | pmid:24101660 |
Alhouayek M et al. | Implication of the anti-inflammatory bioactive lipid prostaglandin D2-glycerol ester in the control of macrophage activation and inflammation by ABHD6. | 2013 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:24101490 |
Sharvit E et al. | Amplified inhibition of stellate cell activation pathways by PPAR-γ, RAR and RXR agonists. | 2013 | PLoS ONE | pmid:24098526 |
Norman PS et al. | Mediator release after allergic and physical nasal challenges. | 1985 | Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. | pmid:2409027 |
Lewis RA et al. | Pharmacologic regulation of mediator generation and release from the murine bone marrow derived mast cell. | 1985 | Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. | pmid:2409010 |
Deffebach ME et al. | Prostaglandins alter methacholine-induced secretion in ferret in vitro trachea. | 1990 | Am. J. Physiol. | pmid:2407140 |