Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Yuan ZY et al. | [Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-gamma ligands ameliorate autoimmune myocarditis associated with inhibition of T cell immunity]. | 2003 | Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi | pmid:14703419 |
Hashimoto K et al. | The PPARgamma ligand, 15d-PGJ2, attenuates the severity of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. | 2003 | Pancreas | pmid:12826907 |
Montuschi P et al. | Exhaled leukotrienes and prostaglandins in COPD. | 2003 | Thorax | pmid:12832671 |
Imaizumi T et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits the expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in endothelial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. | 2003 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:14518569 |
Yoshimura R et al. | The effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand on urological cancer cells. | 2003 | Int. J. Mol. Med. | pmid:14612958 |
Komar CM and Curry TE | Inverse relationship between the expression of messenger ribonucleic acid for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and P450 side chain cleavage in the rat ovary. | 2003 | Biol. Reprod. | pmid:12700202 |
Bochenek G et al. | A controlled study of 9alpha,11beta-PGF2 (a prostaglandin D2 metabolite) in plasma and urine of patients with bronchial asthma and healthy controls after aspirin challenge. | 2003 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:12704352 |
Castaño E and Gil J | 15-deoxy-delta12,14 prostaglandin J2 synergizes with phorbol ester to induce proliferation in Swiss 3T3 cells independently of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and PGD2 receptors. | 2003 | J. Cell. Physiol. | pmid:12704651 |
Imaizumi T et al. | Effect of 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 on IL-1beta-induced expression of epithelial neutrophil-activating protein-78 in human endothelial cells. | 2003 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:14580366 |
Cuzzocrea S et al. | The cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)- PGJ2 attenuates the development of colon injury caused by dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid in the rat. | 2003 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12598422 |
Castrillo A et al. | Potentiation of protein kinase C zeta activity by 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) induces an imbalance between mitogen-activated protein kinases and NF-kappa B that promotes apoptosis in macrophages. | 2003 | Mol. Cell. Biol. | pmid:12556480 |
Pang L et al. | Cyclooxygenase-2 expression by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in human airway smooth muscle cells: role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. | 2003 | J. Immunol. | pmid:12517972 |
Neuschäfer-Rube F et al. | Identification by site-directed mutagenesis of amino acids contributing to ligand-binding specificity or signal transduction properties of the human FP prostanoid receptor. | 2003 | Biochem. J. | pmid:12519077 |
Calnek DS et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands increase release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells. | 2003 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:12524224 |
Zhang X et al. | Unexpected sensitivity of synthetic Renilla luciferase control vectors to treatment with a cyclopentenone prostaglandin. | 2003 | BioTechniques | pmid:14682047 |
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Harris SG et al. | Prostaglandins as modulators of immunity. | 2002 | Trends Immunol. | pmid:11864843 |
Fahmi H et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activators inhibit MMP-1 production in human synovial fibroblasts likely by reducing the binding of the activator protein 1. | 2002 | Osteoarthr. Cartil. | pmid:11869069 |
Pizzimenti S et al. | Synergistic effect of 4-hydroxynonenal and PPAR ligands in controlling human leukemic cell growth and differentiation. | 2002 | Free Radic. Biol. Med. | pmid:11827749 |
Büyükgüzel K et al. | Prostaglandin biosynthesis by midgut tissue isolated from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. | 2002 | Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. | pmid:11886778 |
González E et al. | Streptozotocin-pancreatic damage in the rat: modulatory effect of 15-deoxy delta12,14-prostaglandin j(2) on nitridergic and prostanoid pathway. | 2002 | Nitric Oxide | pmid:11890746 |
Monneret G et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandins D2 and J2 are potent activators of human eosinophils. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11907120 |
Hayaishi O and Urade Y | Prostaglandin D2 in sleep-wake regulation: recent progress and perspectives. | 2002 | Neuroscientist | pmid:11843094 |
Harris SG and Phipps RP | Prostaglandin D(2), its metabolite 15-d-PGJ(2), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma agonists induce apoptosis in transformed, but not normal, human T lineage cells. | 2002 | Immunology | pmid:11849312 |
Masamune A et al. | Ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma induce apoptosis in AR42J cells. | 2002 | Pancreas | pmid:11854617 |
Diab A et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11859145 |
Adams IR and McLaren A | Sexually dimorphic development of mouse primordial germ cells: switching from oogenesis to spermatogenesis. | 2002 | Development | pmid:11874911 |
Mellor EA et al. | Cysteinyl leukotrienes and uridine diphosphate induce cytokine generation by human mast cells through an interleukin 4-regulated pathway that is inhibited by leukotriene receptor antagonists. | 2002 | J. Exp. Med. | pmid:11877481 |
Xie S et al. | 15 deoxy delta12,14 PGJ2 induces procoagulant activity in cultured human endothelial cells. | 2002 | Thromb. Haemost. | pmid:11916086 |
Shibata T et al. | 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2. A prostaglandin D2 metabolite generated during inflammatory processes. | 2002 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:11786541 |
Simonin MA et al. | PPAR-gamma ligands modulate effects of LPS in stimulated rat synovial fibroblasts. | 2002 | Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. | pmid:11742805 |
Hirai H et al. | Cutting edge: agonistic effect of indomethacin on a prostaglandin D2 receptor, CRTH2. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11801628 |
Harris SG et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-PGJ2 induces IL-8 production in human T cells by a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11801678 |
Diaz BL et al. | Regulation of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2 and IL-6 expression in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells by exogenous but not endogenous prostanoids. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11801681 |
Cheuk BL et al. | Cyclooxygenase-2 regulates apoptosis in rat epididymis through prostaglandin D2. | 2002 | Biol. Reprod. | pmid:11804951 |
Hayaishi O | Molecular genetic studies on sleep-wake regulation, with special emphasis on the prostaglandin D(2) system. | 2002 | J. Appl. Physiol. | pmid:11796702 |
Dieter P et al. | Lipopolysaccharide-induced release of arachidonic acid and prostaglandins in liver macrophages: regulation by Group IV cytosolic phospholipase A2, but not by Group V and Group IIA secretory phospholipase A2. | 2002 | Cell. Signal. | pmid:11812647 |
Michimata T et al. | Accumulation of CRTH2-positive T-helper 2 and T-cytotoxic 2 cells at implantation sites of human decidua in a prostaglandin D(2)-mediated manner. | 2002 | Mol. Hum. Reprod. | pmid:11818521 |
Masamune A et al. | Ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma block activation of pancreatic stellate cells. | 2002 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:11606585 |
Chen SY et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 induces apoptosis of a thyroid papillary cancer cell line (CG3 cells) through increasing intracellular iron and oxidative stress. | 2002 | Anticancer Drugs | pmid:12187333 |
Yamamoto S et al. | Agents that elevate cyclic AMP induce receptor phosphorylation primarily at serine 331 in HEK 293 cells overexpressing human thromboxane receptor alpha. | 2002 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:12147288 |
Sakurai S et al. | Retinal capillary pericyte proliferation and c-Fos mRNA induction by prostaglandin D2 through the cAMP response element. | 2002 | Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. | pmid:12147615 |
Saito S et al. | Prostaglandin D2 and reproduction. | 2002 | Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. | pmid:12148545 |
Miyazaki Y et al. | Inhibitory effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands on the expression of IgE heavy chain germline transcripts in the human B cell line DND39. | 2002 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:12150985 |
Fernández-Tomé Mdel C et al. | Phospholipase C inhibitors and prostaglandins differentially regulate phosphatidylcholine synthesis in rat renal papilla. Evidence of compartmental regulation of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase and CDP-choline:1,2-diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase. | 2002 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:12117562 |
Bureau F et al. | A proinflammatory role for the cyclopentenone prostaglandins at low micromolar concentrations: oxidative stress-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation without NF-kappa B inhibition. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11994490 |
Kohyama T et al. | Prostaglandin D2 inhibits fibroblast migration. | 2002 | Eur. Respir. J. | pmid:11998998 |
Sharif NA and Davis TL | Cloned human EP1 prostanoid receptor pharmacology characterized using radioligand binding techniques. | 2002 | J. Pharm. Pharmacol. | pmid:11999132 |
Janabi N | Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 expression by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) in activated human astrocytes, but not in human brain macrophages. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11971025 |
Han S and Sidell N | Peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor gamma (PPARgamma) independent induction of CD36 in THP-1 monocytes by retinoic acid. | 2002 | Immunology | pmid:11972632 |
Jeng JH et al. | Modulation of platelet aggregation by areca nut and betel leaf ingredients: roles of reactive oxygen species and cyclooxygenase. | 2002 | Free Radic. Biol. Med. | pmid:11978487 |
Ushikubi F and Narumiya S | [The roles of the prostanoids played in the body]. | 2002 | Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi | pmid:11979724 |
Quraishi O et al. | Inhibition of inducible prostaglandin E(2) synthase by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) and polyunsaturated fatty acids. | 2002 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:11931852 |
Cao J et al. | In vitro pharmacological characterization of the prostanoid receptor population in the non-pregnant porcine myometrium. | 2002 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12020689 |
Gong P et al. | Activation of the mouse heme oxygenase-1 gene by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) is mediated by the stress response elements and transcription factor Nrf2. | 2002 | Antioxid. Redox Signal. | pmid:12006176 |
Hong JT et al. | Inhibitory effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist on ochratoxin A-induced cytotoxicity and activation of transcription factors in cultured rat embryonic midbrain cells. | 2002 | J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A | pmid:11936221 |
Mujumdar VS et al. | Mechanism of constrictive vascular remodeling by homocysteine: role of PPAR. | 2002 | Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. | pmid:11940516 |
Padilla J et al. | Human B lymphocytes and B lymphomas express PPAR-gamma and are killed by PPAR-gamma agonists. | 2002 | Clin. Immunol. | pmid:11987982 |
Natarajan C and Bright JJ | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists inhibit experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by blocking IL-12 production, IL-12 signaling and Th1 differentiation. | 2002 | Genes Immun. | pmid:11960303 |
Cuzzocrea S et al. | The cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) attenuates the development of acute and chronic inflammation. | 2002 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:11961117 |
Kojima K et al. | Effect of PPARgamma ligands on the viability of gastric epithelial cells. | 2002 | Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. | pmid:11966526 |
Lee B et al. | Prostaglandin D synthase in the prenatal ovine brain and effects of its inhibition with selenium chloride on fetal sleep/wake activity in utero. | 2002 | J. Neurosci. | pmid:12097519 |
Wang YL et al. | Thiazolidinedione activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma can enhance mitochondrial potential and promote cell survival. | 2002 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:12082115 |
Huang WC et al. | Superoxide anion-dependent Raf/MEK/ERK activation by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma agonists 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2), ciglitazone, and GW1929. | 2002 | Exp. Cell Res. | pmid:12083801 |
Skolnik PR et al. | Stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma blocks HIV-1 replication and TNFalpha production in acutely infected primary blood cells, chronically infected U1 cells, and alveolar macrophages from HIV-infected subjects. | 2002 | J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. | pmid:12352144 |
Eligini S et al. | 15-deoxy-delta12,14-Prostaglandin J2 inhibits tissue factor expression in human macrophages and endothelial cells: evidence for ERK1/2 signaling pathway blockade. | 2002 | Thromb. Haemost. | pmid:12353085 |
Suzuki K and Uyeda M | Inhibitory properties of antitumor prostaglandins against topoisomerases. | 2002 | Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. | pmid:12353631 |
Campo PA et al. | Translational regulation of cyclin D1 by 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2). | 2002 | Cell Growth Differ. | pmid:12354750 |
Shahbazian A et al. | Differential peristaltic motor effects of prostanoid (DP, EP, IP, TP) and leukotriene receptor agonists in the guinea-pig isolated small intestine. | 2002 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12429577 |
Gebhardt T et al. | Cultured human intestinal mast cells express functional IL-3 receptors and respond to IL-3 by enhancing growth and IgE receptor-dependent mediator release. | 2002 | Eur. J. Immunol. | pmid:12209644 |
Cox B et al. | Human colorectal cancer cells efficiently conjugate the cyclopentenone prostaglandin, prostaglandin J(2), to glutathione. | 2002 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:12213491 |
Marx N | PPARgamma and vascular inflammation: adding another piece to the puzzle. | 2002 | Circ. Res. | pmid:12215484 |
Takata Y et al. | Vascular inflammation is negatively autoregulated by interaction between CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-delta and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. | 2002 | Circ. Res. | pmid:12215492 |
Ahn SG et al. | Sox-4 is a positive regulator of Hep3B and HepG2 cells' apoptosis induced by prostaglandin (PG)A(2) and delta(12)-PGJ(2). | 2002 | Exp. Mol. Med. | pmid:12216117 |
Mössner R et al. | Agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma inhibit cell growth in malignant melanoma. | 2002 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:12230498 |
Iwasaki M et al. | Association of a new-type prostaglandin D2 receptor CRTH2 with circulating T helper 2 cells in patients with atopic dermatitis. | 2002 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:12230502 |
Jozkowicz A et al. | Effect of prostaglandin-J(2) on VEGF synthesis depends on the induction of heme oxygenase-1. | 2002 | Antioxid. Redox Signal. | pmid:12230869 |
Haslmayer P et al. | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 induces vascular endothelial growth factor in the hormone-independent prostate cancer cell line PC 3 and the urinary bladder carcinoma cell line 5637. | 2002 | Int. J. Oncol. | pmid:12239635 |
Clay CE et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2-induced apoptosis does not require PPARgamma in breast cancer cells. | 2002 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:12401880 |
Imaizumi T et al. | 15-Deoxy-D12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits CX3CL1/fractalkine expression in human endothelial cells. | 2002 | Immunol. Cell Biol. | pmid:12406386 |
Kim SY et al. | Effects of tanshinone I isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza bunge on arachidonic acid metabolism and in vivo inflammatory responses. | 2002 | Phytother Res | pmid:12410540 |
Jawerbaum A et al. | Modulation of nitric oxide concentration and lipid metabolism by 15-deoxy Delta12,14prostaglandin J2 in embryos from control and diabetic rats during early organogenesis. | 2002 | Reproduction | pmid:12417000 |
Kubata BK et al. | A key role for old yellow enzyme in the metabolism of drugs by Trypanosoma cruzi. | 2002 | J. Exp. Med. | pmid:12417633 |
Nencioni A et al. | Cyclopentenone prostaglandins induce caspase activation and apoptosis in dendritic cells by a PPAR-gamma-independent mechanism: regulation by inflammatory and T cell-derived stimuli. | 2002 | Exp. Hematol. | pmid:12225793 |
Menè P | Prostaglandin D2 : a Cinderella of vascular cell biology? | 2002 | J. Hypertens. | pmid:12131515 |
Hunt MJ and Tyagi SC | Peroxisome proliferators compete and ameliorate Hcy-mediated endocardial endothelial cell activation. | 2002 | Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. | pmid:12225971 |
Negoro H et al. | Endogenous prostaglandin D2 synthesis reduces an increase in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 following interleukin stimulation in bovine endothelial cells. | 2002 | J. Hypertens. | pmid:12131531 |
Stubbs VE et al. | Indomethacin causes prostaglandin D(2)-like and eotaxin-like selective responses in eosinophils and basophils. | 2002 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:11980903 |
Hashimoto K et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand inhibits cell growth and invasion of human pancreatic cancer cells. | 2002 | Int J Gastrointest Cancer | pmid:12630765 |
Tzanakakis GN et al. | The preventive effect of ketoconazole on experimental metastasis from a human pancreatic carcinoma may be related to its effect on prostaglandin synthesis. | 2002 | Int J Gastrointest Cancer | pmid:12630766 |
Kanehara H et al. | Thrombomodulin expression by THP-1 but not by vascular endothelial cells is upregulated by pioglitazone. | 2002 | Thromb. Res. | pmid:12617986 |
Satoh T and Watanabe Y | [Cyclopentenone prostaglandin derivatives as neuroprotective compounds]. | 2002 | Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso | pmid:12486935 |
Larsen P et al. | Calcium-stimulated short-circuit currents in the canine proximal colonic epithelium: effects of DK-PGD2, a metabolite of prostaglandin D2. | 2002 | Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. | pmid:12489928 |
Whigham LD et al. | Decreased antigen-induced eicosanoid release in conjugated linoleic acid-fed guinea pigs. | 2002 | Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. | pmid:11893615 |
Satoh T | [Neurotrophin-like low molecular weight compounds]. | 2002 | Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi | pmid:12491808 |
Gueck T et al. | Influence of vitamin E on mast cell mediator release. | 2002 | Vet. Dermatol. | pmid:12464062 |
Sawyer N et al. | Molecular pharmacology of the human prostaglandin D2 receptor, CRTH2. | 2002 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12466225 |
Yang X et al. | Hypoxic induction of cox-2 regulates proliferation of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. | 2002 | Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. | pmid:12444028 |
Nikitakis NG et al. | 15-PGJ2, but not thiazolidinediones, inhibits cell growth, induces apoptosis, and causes downregulation of Stat3 in human oral SCCa cells. | 2002 | Br. J. Cancer | pmid:12454768 |
Nithipatikom K et al. | Requirement of cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandins for human prostate cancer cell invasion. | 2002 | Clin. Exp. Metastasis | pmid:12498388 |