Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Harris SG et al. | Prostaglandins as modulators of immunity. | 2002 | Trends Immunol. | pmid:11864843 |
Fahmi H et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activators inhibit MMP-1 production in human synovial fibroblasts likely by reducing the binding of the activator protein 1. | 2002 | Osteoarthr. Cartil. | pmid:11869069 |
Pizzimenti S et al. | Synergistic effect of 4-hydroxynonenal and PPAR ligands in controlling human leukemic cell growth and differentiation. | 2002 | Free Radic. Biol. Med. | pmid:11827749 |
Büyükgüzel K et al. | Prostaglandin biosynthesis by midgut tissue isolated from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. | 2002 | Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. | pmid:11886778 |
González E et al. | Streptozotocin-pancreatic damage in the rat: modulatory effect of 15-deoxy delta12,14-prostaglandin j(2) on nitridergic and prostanoid pathway. | 2002 | Nitric Oxide | pmid:11890746 |
Monneret G et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandins D2 and J2 are potent activators of human eosinophils. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11907120 |
Hayaishi O and Urade Y | Prostaglandin D2 in sleep-wake regulation: recent progress and perspectives. | 2002 | Neuroscientist | pmid:11843094 |
Hirai H et al. | Cutting edge: agonistic effect of indomethacin on a prostaglandin D2 receptor, CRTH2. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11801628 |
Harris SG et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-PGJ2 induces IL-8 production in human T cells by a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11801678 |
Diaz BL et al. | Regulation of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2 and IL-6 expression in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells by exogenous but not endogenous prostanoids. | 2002 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11801681 |
Cheuk BL et al. | Cyclooxygenase-2 regulates apoptosis in rat epididymis through prostaglandin D2. | 2002 | Biol. Reprod. | pmid:11804951 |
Hayaishi O | Molecular genetic studies on sleep-wake regulation, with special emphasis on the prostaglandin D(2) system. | 2002 | J. Appl. Physiol. | pmid:11796702 |
Dieter P et al. | Lipopolysaccharide-induced release of arachidonic acid and prostaglandins in liver macrophages: regulation by Group IV cytosolic phospholipase A2, but not by Group V and Group IIA secretory phospholipase A2. | 2002 | Cell. Signal. | pmid:11812647 |
Michimata T et al. | Accumulation of CRTH2-positive T-helper 2 and T-cytotoxic 2 cells at implantation sites of human decidua in a prostaglandin D(2)-mediated manner. | 2002 | Mol. Hum. Reprod. | pmid:11818521 |
Nosjean O and Boutin JA | Natural ligands of PPARgamma: are prostaglandin J(2) derivatives really playing the part? | 2002 | Cell. Signal. | pmid:11955950 |
Jeng JH et al. | Modulation of platelet aggregation by areca nut and betel leaf ingredients: roles of reactive oxygen species and cyclooxygenase. | 2002 | Free Radic. Biol. Med. | pmid:11978487 |
Ushikubi F and Narumiya S | [The roles of the prostanoids played in the body]. | 2002 | Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi | pmid:11979724 |
Yu Y et al. | Conjugated linoleic acid decreases production of pro-inflammatory products in macrophages: evidence for a PPAR gamma-dependent mechanism. | 2002 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:12020636 |
Quraishi O et al. | Inhibition of inducible prostaglandin E(2) synthase by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) and polyunsaturated fatty acids. | 2002 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:11931852 |
Cao J et al. | In vitro pharmacological characterization of the prostanoid receptor population in the non-pregnant porcine myometrium. | 2002 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:12020689 |
Gong P et al. | Activation of the mouse heme oxygenase-1 gene by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) is mediated by the stress response elements and transcription factor Nrf2. | 2002 | Antioxid. Redox Signal. | pmid:12006176 |
Hong JT et al. | Inhibitory effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist on ochratoxin A-induced cytotoxicity and activation of transcription factors in cultured rat embryonic midbrain cells. | 2002 | J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A | pmid:11936221 |
Mujumdar VS et al. | Mechanism of constrictive vascular remodeling by homocysteine: role of PPAR. | 2002 | Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. | pmid:11940516 |
Padilla J et al. | Human B lymphocytes and B lymphomas express PPAR-gamma and are killed by PPAR-gamma agonists. | 2002 | Clin. Immunol. | pmid:11987982 |
Marx N | PPARgamma and vascular inflammation: adding another piece to the puzzle. | 2002 | Circ. Res. | pmid:12215484 |
Takata Y et al. | Vascular inflammation is negatively autoregulated by interaction between CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-delta and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. | 2002 | Circ. Res. | pmid:12215492 |
Ahn SG et al. | Sox-4 is a positive regulator of Hep3B and HepG2 cells' apoptosis induced by prostaglandin (PG)A(2) and delta(12)-PGJ(2). | 2002 | Exp. Mol. Med. | pmid:12216117 |
Mössner R et al. | Agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma inhibit cell growth in malignant melanoma. | 2002 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:12230498 |
Iwasaki M et al. | Association of a new-type prostaglandin D2 receptor CRTH2 with circulating T helper 2 cells in patients with atopic dermatitis. | 2002 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:12230502 |
Jozkowicz A et al. | Effect of prostaglandin-J(2) on VEGF synthesis depends on the induction of heme oxygenase-1. | 2002 | Antioxid. Redox Signal. | pmid:12230869 |
Haslmayer P et al. | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 induces vascular endothelial growth factor in the hormone-independent prostate cancer cell line PC 3 and the urinary bladder carcinoma cell line 5637. | 2002 | Int. J. Oncol. | pmid:12239635 |
Clay CE et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2-induced apoptosis does not require PPARgamma in breast cancer cells. | 2002 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:12401880 |
Menè P | Prostaglandin D2 : a Cinderella of vascular cell biology? | 2002 | J. Hypertens. | pmid:12131515 |
Kanehara H et al. | Thrombomodulin expression by THP-1 but not by vascular endothelial cells is upregulated by pioglitazone. | 2002 | Thromb. Res. | pmid:12617986 |
Satoh T and Watanabe Y | [Cyclopentenone prostaglandin derivatives as neuroprotective compounds]. | 2002 | Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso | pmid:12486935 |
Larsen P et al. | Calcium-stimulated short-circuit currents in the canine proximal colonic epithelium: effects of DK-PGD2, a metabolite of prostaglandin D2. | 2002 | Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. | pmid:12489928 |
Satoh T | [Neurotrophin-like low molecular weight compounds]. | 2002 | Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi | pmid:12491808 |
Li L et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 induces apoptosis of human hepatic myofibroblasts. A pathway involving oxidative stress independently of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors. | 2001 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:11477100 |
Nicolaidis S et al. | [Variations of hypothalamic and cortical prostaglandins and monoamines reveal transitions in arousal states: microdialysis study in the rat]. | 2001 | Rev. Neurol. (Paris) | pmid:11924034 |
Keelan J et al. | 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2-induced apoptosis in amnion-like WISH cells. | 2001 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:11785780 |
Pignatelli M et al. | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma is an inhibitor of ErbBs activity in human breast cancer cells. | 2001 | J. Cell. Sci. | pmid:11739643 |
Gervais FG et al. | Selective modulation of chemokinesis, degranulation, and apoptosis in eosinophils through the PGD2 receptors CRTH2 and DP. | 2001 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:11742277 |
Reilly TP et al. | A protective role for cyclooxygenase-2 in drug-induced liver injury in mice. | 2001 | Chem. Res. Toxicol. | pmid:11743745 |
Niyonsaba F et al. | Evaluation of the effects of peptide antibiotics human beta-defensins-1/-2 and LL-37 on histamine release and prostaglandin D(2) production from mast cells. | 2001 | Eur. J. Immunol. | pmid:11298331 |
Harris SG and Phipps RP | The nuclear receptor PPAR gamma is expressed by mouse T lymphocytes and PPAR gamma agonists induce apoptosis. | 2001 | Eur. J. Immunol. | pmid:11298334 |
Tanaka H and Nagai H | [Inflammation-allergy and prostanoids. (2). The role of prostanoids in allergic inflammation]. | 2001 | Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi | pmid:11338375 |
Tomlinson JW et al. | Regulation of expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in adipose tissue: tissue-specific induction by cytokines. | 2001 | Endocrinology | pmid:11316764 |
Thévenon C et al. | Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric measurement of 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2), the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand, in urine. | 2001 | Clin. Chem. | pmid:11274037 |
Rohn TT et al. | 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2, a specific ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, induces neuronal apoptosis. | 2001 | Neuroreport | pmid:11277593 |
Satoh T et al. | Neurotrophic actions of novel compounds designed from cyclopentenone prostaglandins. | 2001 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:11279261 |
Drew PD and Chavis JA | The cyclopentone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14) prostaglandin J2 represses nitric oxide, TNF-alpha, and IL-12 production by microglial cells. | 2001 | J. Neuroimmunol. | pmid:11282151 |
Guyton K et al. | Differential effects of 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 and a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist on macrophage activation. | 2001 | J. Leukoc. Biol. | pmid:11310850 |
Govoni S et al. | The Cycloxygenase-2 inhibitor SC58236 is neuroprotective in an in vivo model of focal ischemia in the rat. | 2001 | Neurosci. Lett. | pmid:11311500 |
Tsubouchi Y et al. | Feedback control of the arachidonate cascade in rheumatoid synoviocytes by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2. | 2001 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:11350047 |
Wang C et al. | Inhibition of cellular proliferation through IkappaB kinase-independent and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-dependent repression of cyclin D1. | 2001 | Mol. Cell. Biol. | pmid:11287611 |
Jiang JG et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-mediated transcriptional up-regulation of the hepatocyte growth factor gene promoter via a novel composite cis-acting element. | 2001 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:11292834 |
Serghides L and Kain KC | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-retinoid X receptor agonists increase CD36-dependent phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized erythrocytes and decrease malaria-induced TNF-alpha secretion by monocytes/macrophages. | 2001 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11359831 |
Urquhart P et al. | Profile of eicosanoids produced by human saphenous vein endothelial cells and the effect of dietary fatty acids. | 2001 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:11487303 |
Angeli V et al. | Role of the parasite-derived prostaglandin D2 in the inhibition of epidermal Langerhans cell migration during schistosomiasis infection. | 2001 | J. Exp. Med. | pmid:11369785 |
Krawiec ME et al. | Persistent wheezing in very young children is associated with lower respiratory inflammation. | 2001 | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | pmid:11371398 |
Saarinen JV et al. | Modulation of the immediate allergic wheal reaction in the skin by drugs inhibiting the effects of leukotriene C4 and prostaglandin D2. | 2001 | Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. | pmid:11372583 |
Buechler C et al. | Adipophilin is a sensitive marker for lipid loading in human blood monocytes. | 2001 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:11420178 |
VanderEnde DS and Morrow JD | Release of markedly increased quantities of prostaglandin D2 from the skin in vivo in humans after the application of cinnamic aldehyde. | 2001 | J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. | pmid:11423836 |
Park JM | Role of prostaglandins in bladder smooth muscle cell gene expression. | 2001 | Urology | pmid:11378068 |
Chang TS et al. | NQ-Y15 inhibits the calcium mobilization by elevation of cyclic AMP in rat platelets. | 2001 | Biol. Pharm. Bull. | pmid:11379764 |
Fajas L et al. | PPAR gamma: an essential role in metabolic control. | 2001 | Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis | pmid:11383325 |
Boutaud O et al. | Characterization of the lysyl adducts of prostaglandin H-synthases that are derived from oxygenation of arachidonic acid. | 2001 | Biochemistry | pmid:11389610 |
Guan Y et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activity is associated with renal microvasculature. | 2001 | Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. | pmid:11704554 |
Azuma Y et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) inhibits IL-10 and IL-12 production by macrophages. | 2001 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:11327705 |
Wilmer WA et al. | A cyclopentenone prostaglandin activates mesangial MAP kinase independently of PPARgamma. | 2001 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:11178960 |
Kang SS et al. | Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory cerebrosides from phytolaccae radix. | 2001 | Chem. Pharm. Bull. | pmid:11253924 |
Okayama Y et al. | A comparison of mediators released or generated by IFN-gamma-treated human mast cells following aggregation of Fc gamma RI or Fc epsilon RI. | 2001 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11254731 |
Fahmi H et al. | Peroxisome proliferator--activated receptor gamma activators inhibit interleukin-1beta-induced nitric oxide and matrix metalloproteinase 13 production in human chondrocytes. | 2001 | Arthritis Rheum. | pmid:11263774 |
Hsieh FH et al. | T helper cell type 2 cytokines coordinately regulate immunoglobulin E-dependent cysteinyl leukotriene production by human cord blood-derived mast cells: profound induction of leukotriene C(4) synthase expression by interleukin 4. | 2001 | J. Exp. Med. | pmid:11136826 |
Tunaz H et al. | Prostaglandin biosynthesis by fat body from true armyworms, Pseudaletia unipuncta. | 2001 | Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. | pmid:11222953 |
Person EC et al. | Albumin regulates induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) by 15-deoxy-delta(12-14)-prostaglandin J(2) in vitro and may be an important regulator of PPARgamma function in vivo. | 2001 | Endocrinology | pmid:11159824 |
Reilly CM et al. | Prostaglandin J(2) inhibition of mesangial cell iNOS expression. | 2001 | Clin. Immunol. | pmid:11237557 |
Kitamura Y et al. | Effects of 15-deoxy-delta(12,14) prostaglandin J(2) and interleukin-4 in Toll-like receptor-4-mutant glial cells. | 2001 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:11164379 |
Kadekaro M et al. | Central interactions between angiotensin II and PGD(2) in the regulation of vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in dehydrated rats. | 2001 | Brain Res. | pmid:11166690 |
Robbins IM et al. | Increased levels of prostaglandin D(2) suggest macrophage activation in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. | 2001 | Chest | pmid:11713147 |
Jozkowicz A et al. | Prostaglandin-J2 induces synthesis of interleukin-8 by endothelial cells in a PPAR-gamma-independent manner. | 2001 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:11577781 |
Garcia Palacios V et al. | Expression of adipogenesis markers in a murine stromal cell line treated with 15-deoxy Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2, interleukin-11, 9-cis retinoic acid and vitamin K2. | 2001 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:11728175 |
Levine L | Stimulated release of arachidonic acid by agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and retinoic acid receptors. | 2001 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:11728177 |
Tanimoto A et al. | Histamine increases the expression of LOX-1 via H2 receptor in human monocytic THP-1 cells. | 2001 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:11728449 |
Yamamoto K et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activators inhibit cardiac hypertrophy in cardiac myocytes. | 2001 | Circulation | pmid:11581147 |
Mizoguchi A et al. | Dominant localization of prostaglandin D receptors on arachnoid trabecular cells in mouse basal forebrain and their involvement in the regulation of non-rapid eye movement sleep. | 2001 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:11562489 |
Inoue K et al. | Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in renal cell carcinoma and growth inhibition by its agonists. | 2001 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:11563856 |
Clay CE et al. | Early de novo gene expression is required for 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. | 2001 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:11668172 |
Monneret G et al. | Prostaglandin D2 is a potent chemoattractant for human eosinophils that acts via a novel DP receptor. | 2001 | Blood | pmid:11535533 |
Akrishnan VR and Menon VP | Potential role of antioxidants during ethanol-induced changes in the fatty acid composition and arachidonic acid metabolites in male Wistar rats. | 2001 | Cell Biol. Toxicol. | pmid:11504446 |
Chiba Y et al. | PPARgamma ligands inhibit TNF-alpha-induced LOX-1 expression in cultured endothelial cells. | 2001 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:11511093 |
Kozawa O et al. | Mechanism of prostaglandin D(2)-stimulated heat shock protein 27 induction in osteoblasts. | 2001 | Cell. Signal. | pmid:11483406 |
Nakashiro KI et al. | Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and its ligands in non-neoplastic and neoplastic human urothelial cells. | 2001 | Am. J. Pathol. | pmid:11485917 |
Takashima T et al. | PPAR-gamma ligands inhibit growth of human esophageal adenocarcinoma cells through induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and reduction of ornithine decarboxylase activity. | 2001 | Int. J. Oncol. | pmid:11494023 |
Rovin BH et al. | Cyclopentenone prostaglandins inhibit cytokine-induced nf-kappab activation and chemokine production by human mesangial cells. | 2001 | J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. | pmid:11461938 |
Cernuda-Morollón E et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibition of NF-kappaB-DNA binding through covalent modification of the p50 subunit. | 2001 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:11466314 |
Boyault S et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta12,14-PGJ2, but not troglitazone, modulates IL-1beta effects in human chondrocytes by inhibiting NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation pathways. | 2001 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:11457450 |
Nishimura H et al. | Acute effects of prostaglandin D2 to induce airflow obstruction and airway microvascular leakage in guinea pigs: role of thromboxane A2 receptors. | 2001 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:11519790 |
Clay CE et al. | Magnitude of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation is associated with important and seemingly opposite biological responses in breast cancer cells. | 2001 | J. Investig. Med. | pmid:11523697 |
Hunter JG et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands differentially modulate muscle cell differentiation and MyoD gene expression via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma -dependent and -independent pathways. | 2001 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:11477074 |