Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Li L et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 induces apoptosis of human hepatic myofibroblasts. A pathway involving oxidative stress independently of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors. | 2001 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:11477100 |
Ahluwalia P et al. | Nedocromil sodium and levocabastine reduce the symptoms of conjunctival allergen challenge by different mechanisms. | 2001 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:11544467 |
Pignatelli M et al. | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma is an inhibitor of ErbBs activity in human breast cancer cells. | 2001 | J. Cell. Sci. | pmid:11739643 |
Gervais FG et al. | Selective modulation of chemokinesis, degranulation, and apoptosis in eosinophils through the PGD2 receptors CRTH2 and DP. | 2001 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:11742277 |
Reilly TP et al. | A protective role for cyclooxygenase-2 in drug-induced liver injury in mice. | 2001 | Chem. Res. Toxicol. | pmid:11743745 |
Buechler C et al. | Adipophilin is a sensitive marker for lipid loading in human blood monocytes. | 2001 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:11420178 |
VanderEnde DS and Morrow JD | Release of markedly increased quantities of prostaglandin D2 from the skin in vivo in humans after the application of cinnamic aldehyde. | 2001 | J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. | pmid:11423836 |
Park JM | Role of prostaglandins in bladder smooth muscle cell gene expression. | 2001 | Urology | pmid:11378068 |
Chang TS et al. | NQ-Y15 inhibits the calcium mobilization by elevation of cyclic AMP in rat platelets. | 2001 | Biol. Pharm. Bull. | pmid:11379764 |
Fajas L et al. | PPAR gamma: an essential role in metabolic control. | 2001 | Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis | pmid:11383325 |
Boutaud O et al. | Characterization of the lysyl adducts of prostaglandin H-synthases that are derived from oxygenation of arachidonic acid. | 2001 | Biochemistry | pmid:11389610 |
Azuma Y et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) inhibits IL-10 and IL-12 production by macrophages. | 2001 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:11327705 |
Tunaz H et al. | Prostaglandin biosynthesis by fat body from true armyworms, Pseudaletia unipuncta. | 2001 | Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. | pmid:11222953 |
Person EC et al. | Albumin regulates induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) by 15-deoxy-delta(12-14)-prostaglandin J(2) in vitro and may be an important regulator of PPARgamma function in vivo. | 2001 | Endocrinology | pmid:11159824 |
Reilly CM et al. | Prostaglandin J(2) inhibition of mesangial cell iNOS expression. | 2001 | Clin. Immunol. | pmid:11237557 |
Kitamura Y et al. | Effects of 15-deoxy-delta(12,14) prostaglandin J(2) and interleukin-4 in Toll-like receptor-4-mutant glial cells. | 2001 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:11164379 |
Kadekaro M et al. | Central interactions between angiotensin II and PGD(2) in the regulation of vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in dehydrated rats. | 2001 | Brain Res. | pmid:11166690 |
Nishimura H et al. | Acute effects of prostaglandin D2 to induce airflow obstruction and airway microvascular leakage in guinea pigs: role of thromboxane A2 receptors. | 2001 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:11519790 |
Clay CE et al. | Magnitude of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation is associated with important and seemingly opposite biological responses in breast cancer cells. | 2001 | J. Investig. Med. | pmid:11523697 |
Hunter JG et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands differentially modulate muscle cell differentiation and MyoD gene expression via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma -dependent and -independent pathways. | 2001 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:11477074 |
Marx N et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activators inhibit IFN-gamma-induced expression of the T cell-active CXC chemokines IP-10, Mig, and I-TAC in human endothelial cells. | 2000 | J. Immunol. | pmid:10843708 |
Pica F et al. | Delta(12)-prostaglandin J(2) is a potent inhibitor of influenza A virus replication. | 2000 | Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. | pmid:10602750 |
Rossi A et al. | Anti-inflammatory cyclopentenone prostaglandins are direct inhibitors of IkappaB kinase. | 2000 | Nature | pmid:10638762 |
Clark RB et al. | The nuclear receptor PPAR gamma and immunoregulation: PPAR gamma mediates inhibition of helper T cell responses. | 2000 | J. Immunol. | pmid:10640751 |
Reilly CM et al. | Inhibition of mesangial cell nitric oxide in MRL/lpr mice by prostaglandin J2 and proliferator activation receptor-gamma agonists. | 2000 | J. Immunol. | pmid:10640767 |
Dumont I et al. | Regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by PGD(2) in the developing choroid. | 2000 | Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. | pmid:10644584 |
Padilla J et al. | PPAR-gamma-mediated regulation of normal and malignant B lineage cells. | 2000 | Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. | pmid:10818446 |
Padilla J et al. | Effects of 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-PGJ2 on B lineage cells. | 2000 | Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. | pmid:10818475 |
Hwang SW et al. | Direct activation of capsaicin receptors by products of lipoxygenases: endogenous capsaicin-like substances. | 2000 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:10823958 |
Inoue H et al. | Feedback control of cyclooxygenase-2 expression through PPARgamma. | 2000 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:10827178 |
Straus DS et al. | 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits multiple steps in the NF-kappa B signaling pathway. | 2000 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:10781090 |
Sanchez Mejia RO et al. | Matrix-associated transforming growth factor-beta1 primes mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells for increased high-affinity Fc receptor for immunoglobulin E-dependent eicosanoid biosynthesis. | 2000 | Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. | pmid:10783127 |
Feng J et al. | Induction of CD36 expression by oxidized LDL and IL-4 by a common signaling pathway dependent on protein kinase C and PPAR-gamma. | 2000 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:10787429 |
Macfarlane AJ et al. | Sputum cysteinyl leukotrienes increase 24 hours after allergen inhalation in atopic asthmatics. | 2000 | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | pmid:10806153 |
Taba Y et al. | Fluid shear stress induces lipocalin-type prostaglandin D(2) synthase expression in vascular endothelial cells. | 2000 | Circ. Res. | pmid:10807869 |
Sharif NA et al. | Affinities, selectivities, potencies, and intrinsic activities of natural and synthetic prostanoids using endogenous receptors: focus on DP class prostanoids. | 2000 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:10772998 |
Marvin KW et al. | The 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2)receptor, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) is expressed in human gestational tissues and is functionally active in JEG3 choriocarcinoma cells. | 2000 | Placenta | pmid:10833383 |
Shirahase H et al. | Inhibitory effects of PGD2, PGJ2 and 15-deoxy-delta12,14-PGJ2 on iNOS induction in rat mesenteric artery. | 2000 | Life Sci. | pmid:10834301 |
Koppal T et al. | Cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) acts as a general inhibitor of inflammatory responses in activated BV-2 microglial cells. | 2000 | Brain Res. | pmid:10837804 |
Asano T et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma1 (PPARgamma1) expresses in rat mesangial cells and PPARgamma agonists modulate its differentiation. | 2000 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:10838168 |
Viergutz T et al. | Relationship between different stages of the corpus luteum and the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma protein in bovine large lutein cells. | 2000 | J. Reprod. Fertil. | pmid:10793637 |
Fennekohl A et al. | Induction by interleukin 6 of G(s)-coupled prostaglandin E(2) receptors in rat hepatocytes mediating a prostaglandin E(2)-dependent inhibition of the hepatocyte's acute phase response. | 2000 | Hepatology | pmid:10796889 |
Rubin GL et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands inhibit estrogen biosynthesis in human breast adipose tissue: possible implications for breast cancer therapy. | 2000 | Cancer Res. | pmid:10749129 |
Tsubouchi Y et al. | Inhibition of human lung cancer cell growth by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists through induction of apoptosis. | 2000 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:10753637 |
Kawamoto Y et al. | Cyclopentenone prostaglandins as potential inducers of phase II detoxification enzymes. 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin j2-induced expression of glutathione S-transferases. | 2000 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:10753940 |
Lee KH et al. | Stimulatory function of gp49A, a murine Ig-like receptor, in rat basophilic leukemia cells. | 2000 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11046024 |
Kasai K et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) facilitates thyroglobulin production by cultured human thyrocytes. | 2000 | Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. | pmid:11078701 |
Dieter P et al. | Functional coupling of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 to discrete prostanoid synthases in liver macrophages. | 2000 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:11027502 |
Enomoto A et al. | Redundant and segregated functions of granule-associated heparin-binding group II subfamily of secretory phospholipases A2 in the regulation of degranulation and prostaglandin D2 synthesis in mast cells. | 2000 | J. Immunol. | pmid:11034411 |
Sugiyama H et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are expressed in human cultured mast cells: a possible role of these receptors in negative regulation of mast cell activation. | 2000 | Eur. J. Immunol. | pmid:11093153 |
Faveeuw C et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activators inhibit interleukin-12 production in murine dendritic cells. | 2000 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:11119715 |
Schaiff WT et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma modulates differentiation of human trophoblast in a ligand-specific manner. | 2000 | J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. | pmid:11061552 |
Saarinen JV et al. | Release of histamine and leukotriene C4 in immediate allergic wheal reaction as measured with the microdialysis technique. | 2000 | Arch. Dermatol. Res. | pmid:10966057 |
Miyahara T et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and hepatic stellate cell activation. | 2000 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:10969082 |
Vanaja DK et al. | Tumor prevention and antitumor immunity with heat shock protein 70 induced by 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate cells. | 2000 | Cancer Res. | pmid:10987274 |
Soler M et al. | Human vascular smooth muscle cells but not endothelial cells express prostaglandin E synthase. | 2000 | Circ. Res. | pmid:10988243 |
Sakamoto H et al. | Involvement of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase in the modulation of prostaglandin D2 synthesis. | 2000 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:11010961 |
Bernardo A et al. | Role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) and its natural ligand 15-deoxy-Delta12, 14-prostaglandin J2 in the regulation of microglial functions. | 2000 | Eur. J. Neurosci. | pmid:10947800 |
Kozak KR et al. | Oxygenation of the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonylglycerol, to glyceryl prostaglandins by cyclooxygenase-2. | 2000 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:10931854 |
Hartert TV et al. | Prostaglandin E(2) decreases allergen-stimulated release of prostaglandin D(2) in airways of subjects with asthma. | 2000 | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | pmid:10934099 |
Maxey KM et al. | The nature and composition of 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)PGJ(2). | 2000 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:10936412 |
Clay CE et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)PGJ(2) induces diverse biological responses via PPARgamma activation in cancer cells. | 2000 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:10936413 |
Mc Clay EF | The effects of Delta(12)-PGJ(2) on malignant cells. | 2000 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:10936416 |
Yokoyama Y et al. | Synergistic antiproliferative effect of delta 12-prostaglandin J2 (delta 12-PGJ2) and hyperthermia on human esophageal cancer cell lines. | 2000 | Hum. Cell | pmid:10937344 |
Davis TL and Sharif NA | Pharmacological characterization of [(3)H]-prostaglandin E(2) binding to the cloned human EP(4) prostanoid receptor. | 2000 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:10952683 |
Woodward DF et al. | Replacement of the carboxylic acid group of prostaglandin f(2alpha) with a hydroxyl or methoxy substituent provides biologically unique compounds. | 2000 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:10952685 |
Nishio T et al. | Molecular identification of a rat novel organic anion transporter moat1, which transports prostaglandin D(2), leukotriene C(4), and taurocholate. | 2000 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:10973807 |
Heneka MT et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands reduce neuronal inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and cell death in vivo. | 2000 | J. Neurosci. | pmid:10995830 |
Uchida K | Induction of glutathione S-transferase by prostaglandins. | 2000 | Mech. Ageing Dev. | pmid:10996013 |
Miwa Y et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) induces G(1) arrest and differentiation marker expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. | 2000 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:10999955 |
Jozkowicz A et al. | Ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma increase the generation of vascular endothelial growth factor in vascular smooth muscle cells and in macrophages. | 2000 | Acta Biochim. Pol. | pmid:11996104 |
Steinbrink K et al. | Induction of dendritic cell maturation and modulation of dendritic cell-induced immune responses by prostaglandins. | 2000 | Arch. Dermatol. Res. | pmid:11000287 |
Sugimoto Y et al. | Influences of everninomicin, vancomycin and teicoplanin on chemical mediator release from rat peritoneal mast cells. | 2000 | Jpn. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:11001175 |
Kawahito Y et al. | 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) induces synoviocyte apoptosis and suppresses adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. | 2000 | J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:10903334 |
Gaspar Elsas MI et al. | Murine myeloid progenitor responses to GM-CSF and eosinophil precursor responses to IL-5 represent distinct targets for downmodulation by prostaglandin E(2). | 2000 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:10903977 |
Karimi K et al. | Stem cell factor and interleukin-4 increase responsiveness of mast cells to substance P. | 2000 | Exp. Hematol. | pmid:10880748 |
Chattopadhyay N et al. | Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARS) in human astrocytic cells: PPARgamma agonists as inducers of apoptosis. | 2000 | J. Neurosci. Res. | pmid:10861801 |
Paik JH et al. | Two opposing effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the expression of the inducible cyclooxygenase. Mediation through different signaling pathways. | 2000 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:10866999 |
Maggi LB et al. | Anti-inflammatory actions of 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 and troglitazone: evidence for heat shock-dependent and -independent inhibition of cytokine-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. | 2000 | Diabetes | pmid:10868955 |
Bamba H et al. | Prostaglandins up-regulate vascular endothelial growth factor production through distinct pathways in differentiated U937 cells. | 2000 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:10873632 |
Ikeda U et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands inhibit nitric oxide synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells. | 2000 | Hypertension | pmid:10856269 |
Ajuebor MN et al. | Cyclooxygenase-2-derived prostaglandin D(2) is an early anti-inflammatory signal in experimental colitis. | 2000 | Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. | pmid:10898767 |
Sugiyama H et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are expressed in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2000 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:10675550 |
Matsuoka T et al. | Prostaglandin D2 as a mediator of allergic asthma. | 2000 | Science | pmid:10720327 |
Hayaishi O | Molecular mechanisms of sleep-wake regulation: a role of prostaglandin D2. | 2000 | Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. | pmid:10724461 |
Tanaka K et al. | Cutting edge: differential production of prostaglandin D2 by human helper T cell subsets. | 2000 | J. Immunol. | pmid:10679060 |
Chan CL et al. | Characterization of prostanoid receptors mediating inhibition of histamine release from anti-IgE-activated rat peritoneal mast cells. | 2000 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:10711359 |
Urade Y and Hayaishi O | Prostaglandin D synthase: structure and function. | 2000 | Vitam. Horm. | pmid:10668396 |
Castrillo A et al. | Inhibition of IkappaB kinase and IkappaB phosphorylation by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) in activated murine macrophages. | 2000 | Mol. Cell. Biol. | pmid:10669746 |
Butler R et al. | Nonapoptotic cell death associated with S-phase arrest of prostate cancer cells via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand, 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2000 | Cell Growth Differ. | pmid:10672903 |
Liu JH | Circadian variations of prostaglandins in the rabbit aqueous humor. | 2000 | J Ocul Pharmacol Ther | pmid:10673131 |
Kowalski ML et al. | Differential metabolism of arachidonic acid in nasal polyp epithelial cells cultured from aspirin-sensitive and aspirin-tolerant patients. | 2000 | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | pmid:10673176 |
Yamashita M et al. | Inhibition by troglitazone of the antigen-induced production of leukotrienes in immunoglobulin E-sensitized RBL-2H3 cells. | 2000 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:10694244 |
Kubata BK et al. | Identification of a novel prostaglandin f(2alpha) synthase in Trypanosoma brucei. | 2000 | J. Exp. Med. | pmid:11067881 |
Takeda K et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activators downregulate angiotensin II type 1 receptor in vascular smooth muscle cells. | 2000 | Circulation | pmid:11023940 |
Åazarewicz JW et al. | NMDA receptors and nitric oxide regulate prostaglandin D2 synthesis in the rabbit hippocampus in vivo. | 2000 | Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) | pmid:11200170 |
Zuckerman SH et al. | The effect of gamma-interferon to inhibit macrophage-high density lipoprotein interactions is reversed by 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2000 | Lipids | pmid:11132183 |
Wright DH et al. | The human prostanoid DP receptor stimulates mucin secretion in LS174T cells. | 2000 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:11139429 |
Li LH and Ku BS | [Regulation of SWS by hormones and cytokines]. | 2000 | Sheng Li Ke Xue Jin Zhan | pmid:12532764 |
Hamel L et al. | Induction of heat shock protein 70 by herbimycin A and cyclopentenone prostaglandins in smooth muscle cells. | 2000 | Cell Stress Chaperones | pmid:11147963 |