PGD2

Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.

Cross Reference

Introduction

To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.

What diseases are associated with PGD2?

PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.

Related references are mostly published in these journals:

Disease Cross reference Weighted score Related literature
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.

Possible diseases from mapped MeSH terms on references

We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2

MeSH term MeSH ID Detail
Atherosclerosis D050197 85 associated lipids
Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting D020529 7 associated lipids
Cryptorchidism D003456 2 associated lipids
Plaque, Atherosclerotic D058226 7 associated lipids
Liver Failure, Acute D017114 11 associated lipids
Dehydration D003681 11 associated lipids
Encephalitis D004660 15 associated lipids
Cholangitis D002761 3 associated lipids
Meningoencephalitis D008590 4 associated lipids
Thyroiditis, Autoimmune D013967 9 associated lipids
Per page 10 20 50 100 | Total 189

PubChem Associated disorders and diseases

What pathways are associated with PGD2

There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.

PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways

Link to PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways

What cellular locations are associated with PGD2?

Related references are published most in these journals:

Location Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.

What functions are associated with PGD2?


Related references are published most in these journals:

Function Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures

What lipids are associated with PGD2?

Related references are published most in these journals:

Lipid concept Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.

What genes are associated with PGD2?

Related references are published most in these journals:


Gene Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures

What common seen animal models are associated with PGD2?

Knock-out

Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).

Rodent Model

Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).

Related references are published most in these journals:

Model Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.

NCBI Entrez Crosslinks

All references with PGD2

Download all related citations
Per page 10 20 50 100 | Total 3138
Authors Title Published Journal PubMed Link
Yagami T et al. Human group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 induces neuronal cell death via apoptosis. 2002 Mol. Pharmacol. pmid:11752212
Fu Y et al. Upregulation of interleukin-8 expression by prostaglandin D2 metabolite 15-deoxy-delta12, 14 prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) in human THP-1 macrophages. 2002 Atherosclerosis pmid:11755918
Suzuki R and Freed AN Heparin inhibits hyperventilation-induced late-phase hyperreactivity in dogs. 2002 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. pmid:11779726
Shibata T et al. 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2. A prostaglandin D2 metabolite generated during inflammatory processes. 2002 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:11786541
Simonin MA et al. PPAR-gamma ligands modulate effects of LPS in stimulated rat synovial fibroblasts. 2002 Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. pmid:11742805
Hirai H et al. Cutting edge: agonistic effect of indomethacin on a prostaglandin D2 receptor, CRTH2. 2002 J. Immunol. pmid:11801628
Kwak BR et al. PPARgamma but not PPARalpha ligands are potent repressors of major histocompatibility complex class II induction in atheroma-associated cells. 2002 Circ. Res. pmid:11861426
Shimada T et al. Characteristics of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligand induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells. 2002 Gut pmid:11950812
Pestel S et al. Inhibition by prostaglandin E(2) of anaphylatoxin C5a- but not zymosan-induced prostanoid release from rat Kupffer cells. 2002 Lab. Invest. pmid:11950903
Nishida K et al. Inhibition of human chondrosarcoma cell growth via apoptosis by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. 2002 Br. J. Cancer pmid:11953889
Finck BN and Johnson RW Anti-inflammatory agents inhibit the induction of leptin by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. 2002 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. pmid:11959686
Bureau F et al. A proinflammatory role for the cyclopentenone prostaglandins at low micromolar concentrations: oxidative stress-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation without NF-kappa B inhibition. 2002 J. Immunol. pmid:11994490
Nosjean O and Boutin JA Natural ligands of PPARgamma: are prostaglandin J(2) derivatives really playing the part? 2002 Cell. Signal. pmid:11955950
Kohyama T et al. Prostaglandin D2 inhibits fibroblast migration. 2002 Eur. Respir. J. pmid:11998998
Sharif NA and Davis TL Cloned human EP1 prostanoid receptor pharmacology characterized using radioligand binding techniques. 2002 J. Pharm. Pharmacol. pmid:11999132
Janabi N Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 expression by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) in activated human astrocytes, but not in human brain macrophages. 2002 J. Immunol. pmid:11971025
Han S and Sidell N Peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor gamma (PPARgamma) independent induction of CD36 in THP-1 monocytes by retinoic acid. 2002 Immunology pmid:11972632
Jeng JH et al. Modulation of platelet aggregation by areca nut and betel leaf ingredients: roles of reactive oxygen species and cyclooxygenase. 2002 Free Radic. Biol. Med. pmid:11978487
Yu Y et al. Conjugated linoleic acid decreases production of pro-inflammatory products in macrophages: evidence for a PPAR gamma-dependent mechanism. 2002 Biochim. Biophys. Acta pmid:12020636
Ward C et al. Prostaglandin D2 and its metabolites induce caspase-dependent granulocyte apoptosis that is mediated via inhibition of I kappa B alpha degradation using a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-independent mechanism. 2002 J. Immunol. pmid:12055237
Wayman NS et al. Ligands of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR-gamma and PPAR-alpha) reduce myocardial infarct size. 2002 FASEB J. pmid:12087064
Lennon AM et al. MAP kinase cascades are activated in astrocytes and preadipocytes by 15-deoxy-Delta(12-14)-prostaglandin J(2) and the thiazolidinedione ciglitazone through peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma-independent mechanisms involving reactive oxygenated species. 2002 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:12052825
Lappas M et al. Regulation of proinflammatory cytokines in human gestational tissues by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma: effect of 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) and troglitazone. 2002 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. pmid:12364456
Skolnik PR et al. Stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma blocks HIV-1 replication and TNFalpha production in acutely infected primary blood cells, chronically infected U1 cells, and alveolar macrophages from HIV-infected subjects. 2002 J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. pmid:12352144
Eligini S et al. 15-deoxy-delta12,14-Prostaglandin J2 inhibits tissue factor expression in human macrophages and endothelial cells: evidence for ERK1/2 signaling pathway blockade. 2002 Thromb. Haemost. pmid:12353085
Suzuki K and Uyeda M Inhibitory properties of antitumor prostaglandins against topoisomerases. 2002 Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. pmid:12353631
Campo PA et al. Translational regulation of cyclin D1 by 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2). 2002 Cell Growth Differ. pmid:12354750
Shahbazian A et al. Differential peristaltic motor effects of prostanoid (DP, EP, IP, TP) and leukotriene receptor agonists in the guinea-pig isolated small intestine. 2002 Br. J. Pharmacol. pmid:12429577
Gebhardt T et al. Cultured human intestinal mast cells express functional IL-3 receptors and respond to IL-3 by enhancing growth and IgE receptor-dependent mediator release. 2002 Eur. J. Immunol. pmid:12209644
Cox B et al. Human colorectal cancer cells efficiently conjugate the cyclopentenone prostaglandin, prostaglandin J(2), to glutathione. 2002 Biochim. Biophys. Acta pmid:12213491
Hashimoto K et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand inhibits cell growth and invasion of human pancreatic cancer cells. 2002 Int J Gastrointest Cancer pmid:12630765
Tzanakakis GN et al. The preventive effect of ketoconazole on experimental metastasis from a human pancreatic carcinoma may be related to its effect on prostaglandin synthesis. 2002 Int J Gastrointest Cancer pmid:12630766
Diaz BL et al. Participation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 in eicosanoid generation by mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. 2002 Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. pmid:12664562
Hammarstrom S et al. Novel eicosanoid activators of PPAR gamma formed by RAW 264.7 macrophage cultures. 2002 Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. pmid:12664608
Whigham LD et al. Decreased antigen-induced eicosanoid release in conjugated linoleic acid-fed guinea pigs. 2002 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. pmid:11893615
Zhang J et al. 15-Deoxy-prostaglandin J(2) inhibits PDGF-A and -B chain expression in human vascular endothelial cells independent of PPAR gamma. 2002 Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. pmid:12379230
Nithipatikom K et al. Requirement of cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandins for human prostate cancer cell invasion. 2002 Clin. Exp. Metastasis pmid:12498388
Nicolaidis S et al. [Variations of hypothalamic and cortical prostaglandins and monoamines reveal transitions in arousal states: microdialysis study in the rat]. 2001 Rev. Neurol. (Paris) pmid:11924034
Keelan J et al. 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2-induced apoptosis in amnion-like WISH cells. 2001 Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. pmid:11785780
Pignatelli M et al. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma is an inhibitor of ErbBs activity in human breast cancer cells. 2001 J. Cell. Sci. pmid:11739643
Takeda K et al. 15-Deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 and thiazolidinediones activate the MEK/ERK pathway through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in vascular smooth muscle cells. 2001 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:11687581
Tanaka T et al. Chemoprevention of azoxymethane-induced rat aberrant crypt foci by dietary zerumbone isolated from Zingiber zerumbet. 2001 Life Sci. pmid:11693274
Niyonsaba F et al. Evaluation of the effects of peptide antibiotics human beta-defensins-1/-2 and LL-37 on histamine release and prostaglandin D(2) production from mast cells. 2001 Eur. J. Immunol. pmid:11298331
Harris SG and Phipps RP The nuclear receptor PPAR gamma is expressed by mouse T lymphocytes and PPAR gamma agonists induce apoptosis. 2001 Eur. J. Immunol. pmid:11298334
Tanaka H and Nagai H [Inflammation-allergy and prostanoids. (2). The role of prostanoids in allergic inflammation]. 2001 Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi pmid:11338375
Tomlinson JW et al. Regulation of expression of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in adipose tissue: tissue-specific induction by cytokines. 2001 Endocrinology pmid:11316764
Thévenon C et al. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric measurement of 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2), the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand, in urine. 2001 Clin. Chem. pmid:11274037
Rohn TT et al. 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2, a specific ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, induces neuronal apoptosis. 2001 Neuroreport pmid:11277593
Satoh T et al. Neurotrophic actions of novel compounds designed from cyclopentenone prostaglandins. 2001 J. Neurochem. pmid:11279261
Drew PD and Chavis JA The cyclopentone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14) prostaglandin J2 represses nitric oxide, TNF-alpha, and IL-12 production by microglial cells. 2001 J. Neuroimmunol. pmid:11282151
Guyton K et al. Differential effects of 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 and a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist on macrophage activation. 2001 J. Leukoc. Biol. pmid:11310850
Govoni S et al. The Cycloxygenase-2 inhibitor SC58236 is neuroprotective in an in vivo model of focal ischemia in the rat. 2001 Neurosci. Lett. pmid:11311500
Tsubouchi Y et al. Feedback control of the arachidonate cascade in rheumatoid synoviocytes by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2. 2001 Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. pmid:11350047
Wang C et al. Inhibition of cellular proliferation through IkappaB kinase-independent and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-dependent repression of cyclin D1. 2001 Mol. Cell. Biol. pmid:11287611
Jiang JG et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-mediated transcriptional up-regulation of the hepatocyte growth factor gene promoter via a novel composite cis-acting element. 2001 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:11292834
Serghides L and Kain KC Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-retinoid X receptor agonists increase CD36-dependent phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized erythrocytes and decrease malaria-induced TNF-alpha secretion by monocytes/macrophages. 2001 J. Immunol. pmid:11359831
Urquhart P et al. Profile of eicosanoids produced by human saphenous vein endothelial cells and the effect of dietary fatty acids. 2001 Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids pmid:11487303
Angeli V et al. Role of the parasite-derived prostaglandin D2 in the inhibition of epidermal Langerhans cell migration during schistosomiasis infection. 2001 J. Exp. Med. pmid:11369785
Krawiec ME et al. Persistent wheezing in very young children is associated with lower respiratory inflammation. 2001 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. pmid:11371398
Chen NG and Han X Dual function of troglitazone in ICAM-1 gene expression in human vascular endothelium. 2001 Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. pmid:11401521
Lau HY and Chan CL Modulation of intracellular cyclic AMP in immunologically activated rat peritoneal mast cells by prostaglandin D2. 2001 Inflamm. Res. pmid:11411605
Serhan CN and Devchand PR Novel antiinflammatory targets for asthma. A role for PPARgamma? 2001 Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. pmid:11415929
Wang AC et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma regulates airway epithelial cell activation. 2001 Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. pmid:11415933
Eto K et al. Comparative actions of insulin sensitizers on ion channels in vascular smooth muscle. 2001 Eur. J. Pharmacol. pmid:11438300
Zhang X et al. Differential regulation of chemokine gene expression by 15-deoxy-delta 12,14 prostaglandin J2. 2001 J. Immunol. pmid:11390455
Inoue T et al. Serum prostaglandin D synthase level after coronary angioplasty may predict occurrence of restenosis. 2001 Thromb. Haemost. pmid:11204569
Hirai H et al. Prostaglandin D2 selectively induces chemotaxis in T helper type 2 cells, eosinophils, and basophils via seven-transmembrane receptor CRTH2. 2001 J. Exp. Med. pmid:11208866
Guan Y et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activity is associated with renal microvasculature. 2001 Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. pmid:11704554
Bochenek G et al. [Prostaglandin D2: biosynthesis, biological properties and participation in bronchial asthma]. 2001 Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. pmid:11928572
Azuma Y et al. 15-Deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) inhibits IL-10 and IL-12 production by macrophages. 2001 Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. pmid:11327705
Equils O et al. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide activates HIV long terminal repeat through Toll-like receptor 4. 2001 J. Immunol. pmid:11160291
Wilmer WA et al. A cyclopentenone prostaglandin activates mesangial MAP kinase independently of PPARgamma. 2001 Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. pmid:11178960
Kang SS et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory cerebrosides from phytolaccae radix. 2001 Chem. Pharm. Bull. pmid:11253924
Okayama Y et al. A comparison of mediators released or generated by IFN-gamma-treated human mast cells following aggregation of Fc gamma RI or Fc epsilon RI. 2001 J. Immunol. pmid:11254731
Fahmi H et al. Peroxisome proliferator--activated receptor gamma activators inhibit interleukin-1beta-induced nitric oxide and matrix metalloproteinase 13 production in human chondrocytes. 2001 Arthritis Rheum. pmid:11263774
Hsieh FH et al. T helper cell type 2 cytokines coordinately regulate immunoglobulin E-dependent cysteinyl leukotriene production by human cord blood-derived mast cells: profound induction of leukotriene C(4) synthase expression by interleukin 4. 2001 J. Exp. Med. pmid:11136826
Szczeklik A et al. Safety of a specific COX-2 inhibitor in aspirin-induced asthma. 2001 Clin. Exp. Allergy pmid:11251623
Nielsen PN et al. Cetirizine inhibits skin reactions but not mediator release in immediate and developing late-phase allergic cutaneous reactions. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. 2001 Clin. Exp. Allergy pmid:11591187
Satoh K et al. Lipid peroxidation end products-responded induction of a preneoplastic marker enzyme glutathione S-transferase P-form (GST-P) in rat liver on admistration via the portal vein. 2001 Mutat. Res. pmid:11600134
Kitatani K et al. Ceramide accelerates dephosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 to decrease prostaglandin D(2) production in RBL-2H3 cells. 2001 Arch. Biochem. Biophys. pmid:11697858
Levonen AL et al. Biphasic effects of 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) on glutathione induction and apoptosis in human endothelial cells. 2001 Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. pmid:11701476
Ianaro A et al. Role of cyclopentenone prostaglandins in rat carrageenin pleurisy. 2001 FEBS Lett. pmid:11707269
Azuma Y et al. 15-Deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 is a negative regulator of macrophage functions. 2001 Int. Immunopharmacol. pmid:11710539
Robbins IM et al. Increased levels of prostaglandin D(2) suggest macrophage activation in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. 2001 Chest pmid:11713147
Jozkowicz A et al. Prostaglandin-J2 induces synthesis of interleukin-8 by endothelial cells in a PPAR-gamma-independent manner. 2001 Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. pmid:11577781
Garcia Palacios V et al. Expression of adipogenesis markers in a murine stromal cell line treated with 15-deoxy Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2, interleukin-11, 9-cis retinoic acid and vitamin K2. 2001 Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids pmid:11728175
Levine L Stimulated release of arachidonic acid by agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor and retinoic acid receptors. 2001 Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids pmid:11728177
Tanimoto A et al. Histamine increases the expression of LOX-1 via H2 receptor in human monocytic THP-1 cells. 2001 FEBS Lett. pmid:11728449
Yamamoto K et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activators inhibit cardiac hypertrophy in cardiac myocytes. 2001 Circulation pmid:11581147
Mizoguchi A et al. Dominant localization of prostaglandin D receptors on arachnoid trabecular cells in mouse basal forebrain and their involvement in the regulation of non-rapid eye movement sleep. 2001 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. pmid:11562489
Inoue K et al. Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in renal cell carcinoma and growth inhibition by its agonists. 2001 Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. pmid:11563856
Clay CE et al. Early de novo gene expression is required for 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. 2001 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:11668172
Monneret G et al. Prostaglandin D2 is a potent chemoattractant for human eosinophils that acts via a novel DP receptor. 2001 Blood pmid:11535533
Akrishnan VR and Menon VP Potential role of antioxidants during ethanol-induced changes in the fatty acid composition and arachidonic acid metabolites in male Wistar rats. 2001 Cell Biol. Toxicol. pmid:11504446
Chiba Y et al. PPARgamma ligands inhibit TNF-alpha-induced LOX-1 expression in cultured endothelial cells. 2001 Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. pmid:11511093
Kozawa O et al. Mechanism of prostaglandin D(2)-stimulated heat shock protein 27 induction in osteoblasts. 2001 Cell. Signal. pmid:11483406
Nakashiro KI et al. Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and its ligands in non-neoplastic and neoplastic human urothelial cells. 2001 Am. J. Pathol. pmid:11485917
Takashima T et al. PPAR-gamma ligands inhibit growth of human esophageal adenocarcinoma cells through induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and reduction of ornithine decarboxylase activity. 2001 Int. J. Oncol. pmid:11494023
Rovin BH et al. Cyclopentenone prostaglandins inhibit cytokine-induced nf-kappab activation and chemokine production by human mesangial cells. 2001 J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. pmid:11461938
Cernuda-Morollón E et al. 15-Deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibition of NF-kappaB-DNA binding through covalent modification of the p50 subunit. 2001 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:11466314