| MeSH term | MeSH ID | Detail |
|---|---|---|
| Hypertension | D006973 | 115 associated lipids |
| Glioma | D005910 | 112 associated lipids |
| Hypercholesterolemia | D006937 | 91 associated lipids |
| Diabetes Mellitus | D003920 | 90 associated lipids |
| Brain Ischemia | D002545 | 89 associated lipids |
| Seizures | D012640 | 87 associated lipids |
| Arteriosclerosis | D001161 | 86 associated lipids |
| Atherosclerosis | D050197 | 85 associated lipids |
| Pancreatic Neoplasms | D010190 | 77 associated lipids |
| Alzheimer Disease | D000544 | 76 associated lipids |
PGD2
Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
Cross Reference
Introduction
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
What diseases are associated with PGD2?
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Related references are mostly published in these journals:
| Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
|---|
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.
Possible diseases from mapped MeSH terms on references
We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
PubChem Associated disorders and diseases
What pathways are associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways
Link to PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and PathwaysWhat cellular locations are associated with PGD2?
Visualization in cellular structure
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.
What functions are associated with PGD2?
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
What lipids are associated with PGD2?
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.
What genes are associated with PGD2?
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
What common seen animal models are associated with PGD2?
Knock-out
Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Related references are published most in these journals:
| Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
|---|
Loading... please refresh the page if content is not showing up.
NCBI Entrez Crosslinks
All references with PGD2
Download all related citations| Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Syeda PK et al. | A monoclonal antibody specific for Δ12-prostaglandin J2 and its utilization in the immunological assay in cell culture system of adipocytes. | 2012 | Hybridoma (Larchmt) | pmid:23098304 |
| Mendez M and LaPointe MC | PPARgamma inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2, PGE2 synthase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in cardiac myocytes. | 2003 | Hypertension | pmid:12885795 |
| Filep JG | Glucocorticoid protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: central role for the PGD2-Nrf2 pathway. | 2014 | Hypertension | pmid:24101660 |
| Katsumata Y et al. | Endogenous prostaglandin D2 and its metabolites protect the heart against ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating Nrf2. | 2014 | Hypertension | pmid:24101662 |
| Ikeda U et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands inhibit nitric oxide synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells. | 2000 | Hypertension | pmid:10856269 |
| Cruse G et al. | A truncated splice-variant of the FcεRIβ receptor subunit is critical for microtubule formation and degranulation in mast cells. | 2013 | Immunity | pmid:23643722 |
| Kanda N et al. | The antimycotic drugs itraconazole and terbinafine hydrochloride induce the production of human β-defensin-3 in human keratinocytes. | 2011 | Immunobiology | pmid:20875690 |
| Theiner G et al. | The mast cell mediator PGD2 suppresses IL-12 release by dendritic cells leading to Th2 polarized immune responses in vivo. | 2006 | Immunobiology | pmid:16920486 |
| Kim HY and Kim HS | Upregulation of MIP-2 (CXCL2) expression by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) in mouse peritoneal macrophages. | 2007 | Immunol. Cell Biol. | pmid:17130903 |
| Fogel-Petrovic M et al. | Activated human dendritic cells express inducible cyclo-oxygenase and synthesize prostaglandin E2 but not prostaglandin D2. | 2004 | Immunol. Cell Biol. | pmid:14984594 |
| Imaizumi T et al. | 15-Deoxy-D12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits CX3CL1/fractalkine expression in human endothelial cells. | 2002 | Immunol. Cell Biol. | pmid:12406386 |
| Kim HY et al. | Upregulation of LPS-induced chemokine KC expression by 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in mouse peritoneal macrophages. | 2005 | Immunol. Cell Biol. | pmid:15877607 |
| Marone G | Control mechanisms of mediator release in human basophils and mast cells. | 1988 Nov-Dec | Immunol. Invest. | pmid:2465995 |
| Dave M and Amin AR | Yin-Yang regulation of prostaglandins and nitric oxide by PGD2 in human arthritis: reversal by celecoxib. | 2013 | Immunol. Lett. | pmid:23603366 |
| Herlong JL and Scott TR | Positioning prostanoids of the D and J series in the immunopathogenic scheme. | 2006 | Immunol. Lett. | pmid:16310861 |
| El Mezayen R et al. | Effect of thymoquinone on cyclooxygenase expression and prostaglandin production in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. | 2006 | Immunol. Lett. | pmid:16762422 |
| Conti P et al. | Role of lipoxins A4 and B4 in the generation of arachidonic acid metabolites by rat mast cells and their effect on [3H]serotonin release. | 1992 | Immunol. Lett. | pmid:1612634 |
| Daculsi R et al. | Effect of PGE2 on the cell surface molecule expression in PMA treated thymocytes. | 1998 | Immunol. Lett. | pmid:9557948 |
| Hall TJ and Brostoff J | Inhibition of human natural killer cell activity by prostaglandin D2. | 1983 | Immunol. Lett. | pmid:6321333 |
| Harris SG and Phipps RP | Prostaglandin D(2), its metabolite 15-d-PGJ(2), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma agonists induce apoptosis in transformed, but not normal, human T lineage cells. | 2002 | Immunology | pmid:11849312 |
| Hall TJ et al. | Decreased natural killer cell activity in atopic eczema. | 1985 | Immunology | pmid:3876984 |
| Schick B and Austen KF | Pharmacological modulation of activation-secretion of rat serosal mast cells by chymase, an endogenous secretory granule protease. | 1985 | Immunology | pmid:3935569 |
| Sykes L et al. | The CRTH2 agonist Pyl A prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced fetal death but induces preterm labour. | 2013 | Immunology | pmid:23374103 |
| Kataoka N et al. | Indomethacin inhibits eosinophil migration to prostaglandin D2 : therapeutic potential of CRTH2 desensitization for eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. | 2013 | Immunology | pmid:23582181 |
| Aung G et al. | Catestatin, a neuroendocrine antimicrobial peptide, induces human mast cell migration, degranulation and production of cytokines and chemokines. | 2011 | Immunology | pmid:21214543 |
| Han S and Sidell N | Peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor gamma (PPARgamma) independent induction of CD36 in THP-1 monocytes by retinoic acid. | 2002 | Immunology | pmid:11972632 |
| Kolaczkowska E et al. | Increased cyclooxygenase activity impairs apoptosis of inflammatory neutrophils in mice lacking gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase-9. | 2009 | Immunology | pmid:19175797 |
| Liu H et al. | Role of prostaglandin D2 /CRTH2 pathway on asthma exacerbation induced by Aspergillus fumigatus. | 2014 | Immunology | pmid:24329550 |
| Arnold R et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists inhibit respiratory syncytial virus-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in human lung epithelial cells. | 2007 | Immunology | pmid:17425601 |
| Vinall SL et al. | A paracrine role for chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T helper type 2 cells (CRTH2) in mediating chemotactic activation of CRTH2+ CD4+ T helper type 2 lymphocytes. | 2007 | Immunology | pmid:17437532 |
| Gyles SL et al. | A dominant role for chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T helper type 2 (Th2) cells (CRTH2) in mediating chemotaxis of CRTH2+ CD4+ Th2 lymphocytes in response to mast cell supernatants. | 2006 | Immunology | pmid:17067313 |
| Chae HS and Chin YW | Anti-allergic effect of lambertianic acid from Thuja orientalis in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2012 | Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol | pmid:21854102 |
| Miyawaki T et al. | Combination of midazolam and a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-6 production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | 2012 | Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol | pmid:21854184 |
| Oh YC et al. | Anti-allergic effects of sinomenine by inhibition of prostaglandin Dâ‚‚ and leukotriene Câ‚„ in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2011 | Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol | pmid:21080779 |
| Chae HS et al. | Anti-allergic effect of a chloroform-soluble extract of Cinnamomum cambodianum in bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2012 | Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol | pmid:22229445 |
| Noverr MC et al. | Production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes by pathogenic fungi. | 2002 | Infect. Immun. | pmid:11748207 |
| Sommer A et al. | A dominant role for extracellular glutathione S-transferase from Onchocerca volvulus is the production of prostaglandin D2. | 2003 | Infect. Immun. | pmid:12761146 |
| Sánchez-Gómez FJ et al. | Modulation of GSTP1-1 oligomerization by electrophilic inflammatory mediators and reactive drugs. | 2013 | Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets | pmid:23596995 |
| MartÃnez AE et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 exerts pro- and anti-inflammatory effects in mesangial cells in a concentration-dependent manner. | 2012 | Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets | pmid:22309084 |
| Petersen LJ and Skov PS | The effect of salmeterol and salbutamol on mediator release and skin responses in immediate and late phase allergic cutaneous reactions. | 1999 | Inflamm. Res. | pmid:10563469 |
| Ayoub SS et al. | Cyclooxygenase expression and prostaglandin levels in central nervous system tissues during the course of chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). | 2011 | Inflamm. Res. | pmid:21667309 |
| Lau HY and Chan CL | Modulation of intracellular cyclic AMP in immunologically activated rat peritoneal mast cells by prostaglandin D2. | 2001 | Inflamm. Res. | pmid:11411605 |
| Chan CL and Lau HY | Effects of prostanoid receptor agonists on immunologically-activated rat peritoneal mast cells. | 1998 | Inflamm. Res. | pmid:9561397 |
| Lau HY and Stenton GR | Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase-2 specific inhibitors on mediator release from rat peritoneal mast cells. | 1998 | Inflamm. Res. | pmid:9561398 |
| Yuan ZB et al. | Temporal expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in peritoneal macrophages of rats and effects of panax notoginseng saponins. | 2009 | Inflamm. Res. | pmid:19184357 |
| Whelan CJ | Evidence that 13-14 di-hydro, 15-keto prostaglandin D(2)-induced airway eosinophilia in guinea-pigs is independent of interleukin-5. | 2009 | Inflamm. Res. | pmid:19184361 |
| MartÃn AR et al. | The COX-2 inhibitor, rofecoxib, ameliorates dextran sulphate sodium induced colitis in mice. | 2005 | Inflamm. Res. | pmid:15883736 |
| Chan CL and Lau HY | Prostanoid DP receptor activation inhibits anti-IgE induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. | 1999 | Inflamm. Res. | pmid:10350148 |
| Mor A et al. | Inhibitory effect of farnesylthiosalicylic acid on mediators release by mast cells: preferential inhibition of prostaglandin D(2) and tumor necrosis factor-α release. | 2011 | Inflammation | pmid:20706780 |
| Fernandez-Bustamante A et al. | Early increase in alveolar macrophage prostaglandin 15d-PGJ2 precedes neutrophil recruitment into lungs of cytokine-insufflated rats. | 2013 | Inflammation | pmid:23616184 |
| Johansson S et al. | CC16 inhibits the migration of eosinophils towards the formyl peptide fMLF but not towards PGD2. | 2009 | Inflammation | pmid:19132521 |
| Kaplan J et al. | Pioglitazone reduces inflammation through inhibition of NF-κB in polymicrobial sepsis. | 2014 | Innate Immun | pmid:24029145 |
| Büyükgüzel K et al. | Prostaglandin biosynthesis by midgut tissue isolated from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. | 2002 | Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. | pmid:11886778 |
| Tunaz H et al. | Prostaglandin biosynthesis by fat body from true armyworms, Pseudaletia unipuncta. | 2001 | Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. | pmid:11222953 |
| Hashimoto K et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligand inhibits cell growth and invasion of human pancreatic cancer cells. | 2002 | Int J Gastrointest Cancer | pmid:12630765 |
| Tzanakakis GN et al. | The preventive effect of ketoconazole on experimental metastasis from a human pancreatic carcinoma may be related to its effect on prostaglandin synthesis. | 2002 | Int J Gastrointest Cancer | pmid:12630766 |
| Kalogeromitros D et al. | A quercetin containing supplement reduces niacin-induced flush in humans. | 2008 Jul-Sep | Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol | pmid:18831918 |
| Fujita M et al. | Cytotoxicity of 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) through PPARγ-independent pathway and the involvement of the JNK and Akt pathway in renal cell carcinoma. | 2012 | Int J Med Sci | pmid:22991494 |
| Oh YC et al. | Anti-allergic activity of a platycodon root ethanol extract. | 2010 | Int J Mol Sci | pmid:20717534 |
| Abbasi S et al. | Elimination of the biphasic pharmacodynamics of 15d-PGJ2 by controlling its release from a nanoemulsion. | 2016 | Int J Nanomedicine | pmid:27354798 |
| Virtue S et al. | Prostaglandin profiling reveals a role for haematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase in adipose tissue macrophage polarisation in mice and humans. | 2015 | Int J Obes (Lond) | pmid:25801691 |
| Georgitis JW et al. | Nasal inflammatory mediator release in ragweed allergic rhinitis: correlation with cellular influx into nasal secretions. | 1991 | Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. | pmid:1666629 |
| Petrini B et al. | Modulation of lymphocyte and monocyte responses in vitro by 9-deoxy-delta 9-prostaglandin D2 and 9-deoxy-delta 9-delta 12-prostaglandin D2. | 1988 | Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. | pmid:3229858 |
| Pearce FL et al. | Some studies on human pulmonary mast cells obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage and by enzymic dissociation of whole lung tissue. | 1987 | Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. | pmid:2437052 |
| Lewis RA et al. | Pharmacologic regulation of mediator generation and release from the murine bone marrow derived mast cell. | 1985 | Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. | pmid:2409010 |
| Norman PS et al. | Mediator release after allergic and physical nasal challenges. | 1985 | Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. | pmid:2409027 |
| Triggiani M et al. | Inhibition of histamine and prostaglandin D2 release from human lung mast cells by ciclosporin A. | 1989 | Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. | pmid:2468619 |
| Charlesworth EN et al. | Cells and secretagogues involved in the human late-phase response. | 1989 | Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. | pmid:2468620 |
| Church MK et al. | Interaction of neuropeptides with human mast cells. | 1989 | Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. | pmid:2468622 |
| Levi-Schaffer F and Shalit M | Differential release of histamine and prostaglandin D2 in rat peritoneal mast cells activated with peptides. | 1989 | Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. | pmid:2482257 |
| Ennis M et al. | Action of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and prostaglandins D2 and E1 on histamine release from rat and guinea pig mast cells. | 1983 | Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. | pmid:6196300 |
| Holgate ST et al. | Primary and secondary effector cells in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. | 1987 | Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol. | pmid:3553030 |
| Georgitis JW et al. | Chronic sinusitis: characterization of cellular influx and inflammatory mediators in sinus lavage fluid. | 1995 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:7719157 |
| Genovese A et al. | Protein Fv produced during viral hepatitis is an endogenous immunoglobulin superantigen activating human heart mast cells. | 2003 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:14707465 |
| al-Laith M and Pearce FL | On the mechanism of action of sodium orthovanadate in inducing histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. | 1993 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:7689004 |
| Genovese A et al. | Role of mast cells, basophils and their mediators in adverse reactions to general anesthetics and radiocontrast media. | 1996 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:8645973 |
| Itabashi S et al. | Late asthmatic response causes peripheral airway hyperresponsiveness in dogs treated with metopirone. | 1993 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:8508057 |
| Patella V et al. | Oxatomide inhibits the release of proinflammatory mediators from human basophils and mast cells. | 1996 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:8753840 |
| Abraha D et al. | (S,S)-formoterol increases the production of IL-4 in mast cells and the airways of a murine asthma model. | 2004 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:15031612 |
| Okayama Y and Church MK | Comparison of the modulatory effect of ketotifen, sodium cromoglycate, procaterol and salbutamol in human skin, lung and tonsil mast cells. | 1992 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:1375203 |
| Yamamoto M et al. | Expression and characterization of PGD2 receptors in chronic rhinosinusitis: modulation of DP and CRTH2 by PGD2. | 2009 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:18802357 |
| Ueki S et al. | Anti- and proinflammatory effects of 15-deoxy-delta-prostaglandin J2(15d-PGJ2) on human eosinophil functions. | 2007 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:17541271 |
| Chiba T et al. | Possible novel receptor for PGD2 on human bronchial epithelial cells. | 2007 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:17541272 |
| Butterfield JH and Weiler CR | Prevention of mast cell activation disorder-associated clinical sequelae of excessive prostaglandin D(2) production. | 2008 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:18622141 |
| Hartmann K et al. | Effect of CC chemokines on mediator release from human skin mast cells and basophils. | 1995 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:7580286 |
| Yamamura K et al. | Intracellular protein phosphorylation in eosinophils and the functional relevance in cytokine production. | 2009 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:19494504 |
| Chiba T et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 induces IL-8 and GM-CSF in a human airway epithelial cell line (NCI-H292). | 2009 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:19494510 |
| Imaizumi T et al. | 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 inhibits IFN-gamma-induced galectin-9 expression in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. | 2003 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:12759491 |
| Tudorić N et al. | Phosphoramidon augments contraction of guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle induced by histamine and leukotriene-D4. | 1994 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:8111247 |
| Chiba T et al. | Prostaglandin D2 induces IL-8 and GM-CSF by bronchial epithelial cells in a CRTH2-independent pathway. | 2006 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:16940740 |
| Shefler I et al. | Inhibition of basic secretagogue-induced signaling in mast cells by cell permeable G alpha i-derived peptides. | 2008 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:17848806 |
| Takahashi G et al. | The potential role of prostaglandin D2 in nasal congestion observed in a guinea pig model of allergic rhinitis. | 2012 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:22472859 |
| Marone G et al. | Human heart mast cells in anaphylaxis and cardiovascular disease. | 1995 May-Jun | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:7542106 |
| Boehme SA et al. | Murine bone marrow-derived mast cells express chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T-helper class 2 cells (CRTh2). | 2009 | Int. Immunol. | pmid:19346259 |
| Boehme SA et al. | A small molecule CRTH2 antagonist inhibits FITC-induced allergic cutaneous inflammation. | 2009 | Int. Immunol. | pmid:19066314 |
| Boehme SA et al. | Antagonism of CRTH2 ameliorates chronic epicutaneous sensitization-induced inflammation by multiple mechanisms. | 2009 | Int. Immunol. | pmid:19066315 |
| Takeshita K et al. | CRTH2 is a prominent effector in contact hypersensitivity-induced neutrophil inflammation. | 2004 | Int. Immunol. | pmid:15173122 |
| Wang XS et al. | Functional characterization of human mast cells cultured from adult peripheral blood. | 2006 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:16546715 |
| El-Shazly AE et al. | IFN-γ and TNF-α potentiate prostaglandin D2-induced human eosinophil chemotaxis through up-regulation of CRTH2 surface receptor. | 2011 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:21835268 |
| Villegas I et al. | A new flavonoid derivative, dosmalfate, attenuates the development of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in mice. | 2003 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:14636824 |