Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Chambers KT et al. | PGJ2-stimulated beta-cell apoptosis is associated with prolonged UPR activation. | 2007 | Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. | pmid:17148750 |
Liu JJ et al. | Downregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression and activation of caspase-3 are involved in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists induced apoptosis in human monocyte leukemia cells in vitro. | 2007 | Ann. Hematol. | pmid:17089125 |
Jin YR et al. | Antiplatelet activity of hesperetin, a bioflavonoid, is mainly mediated by inhibition of PLC-gamma2 phosphorylation and cyclooxygenase-1 activity. | 2007 | Atherosclerosis | pmid:17092506 |
Nicoll-Griffith DA et al. | In vitro biotransformations of the prostaglandin D2 (DP) antagonist MK-0524 and synthesis of metabolites. | 2007 | Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. | pmid:17095220 |
Hortobágyi L et al. | Adaptation of the hypothalamic blood flow to chronic nitric oxide deficiency is independent of vasodilator prostanoids. | 2007 | Brain Res. | pmid:17161389 |
Jung SM et al. | Reduction of urate crystal-induced inflammation by root extracts from traditional oriental medicinal plants: elevation of prostaglandin D2 levels. | 2007 | Arthritis Res. Ther. | pmid:17612394 |
Gallant MA et al. | Differential regulation of the signaling and trafficking of the two prostaglandin D2 receptors, prostanoid DP receptor and CRTH2. | 2007 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:17207480 |
Xue L et al. | Inhibition of PI3K and calcineurin suppresses chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2)-dependent responses of Th2 lymphocytes to prostaglandin D(2). | 2007 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:17196174 |
Van Hecken A et al. | The effect of MK-0524, a prostaglandin D(2) receptor antagonist, on prostaglandin D (2)-induced nasal airway obstruction in healthy volunteers. | 2007 | Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. | pmid:17200838 |
Moreira V et al. | Bothrops jararaca and Crotalus durissus terrificus venoms elicit distinct responses regarding to production of prostaglandins E2 and D2, and expression of cyclooxygenases. | 2007 | Toxicon | pmid:17241651 |
Liu M et al. | Focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice induces hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase in microglia and macrophages. | 2007 | Neuroscience | pmid:17241746 |
Tinfo N and Komar C | Potential role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in regulating luteal lifespan in the rat. | 2007 | Reproduction | pmid:17244745 |
Hasegawa H et al. | A novel natural compound, a cycloanthranilylproline derivative (Fuligocandin B), sensitizes leukemia cells to apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) through 15-deoxy-Delta 12, 14 prostaglandin J2 production. | 2007 | Blood | pmid:17551094 |
Ueki S et al. | Anti- and proinflammatory effects of 15-deoxy-delta-prostaglandin J2(15d-PGJ2) on human eosinophil functions. | 2007 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:17541271 |
Chiba T et al. | Possible novel receptor for PGD2 on human bronchial epithelial cells. | 2007 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:17541272 |
Engdahl R et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) mediates repression of TNF-alpha by decreasing levels of acetylated histone H3 and H4 at its promoter. | 2007 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:17532302 |
Lin MS et al. | Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma inhibits cell growth via apoptosis and arrest of the cell cycle in human colorectal cancer. | 2007 | J Dig Dis | pmid:17532820 |
Desmarais JA et al. | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma regulates trophoblast cell differentiation in mink (Mustela vison). | 2007 | Biol. Reprod. | pmid:17615406 |
Nagai H | [The role of lipid mediators in allergic diseases]. | 2007 | Arerugi | pmid:17615500 |
Kaplan J et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma is required for the inhibitory effect of ciglitazone but not 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 on the NFkappaB pathway in human endothelial cells. | 2007 | Shock | pmid:17621259 |
Pierzchalska M et al. | Deficiency of cyclooxygenases transcripts in cultured primary bronchial epithelial cells of aspirin-sensitive asthmatics. | 2007 | J. Physiol. Pharmacol. | pmid:17622692 |
Lin TH et al. | PPARgamma inhibits osteogenesis via the down-regulation of the expression of COX-2 and iNOS in rats. | 2007 | Bone | pmid:17669705 |
Rehan VK et al. | A paradoxical temporal response of the PTHrP/PPARgamma signaling pathway to lipopolysaccharide in an in vitro model of the developing rat lung. | 2007 | Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. | pmid:17435078 |
Vinall SL et al. | A paracrine role for chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T helper type 2 cells (CRTH2) in mediating chemotactic activation of CRTH2+ CD4+ T helper type 2 lymphocytes. | 2007 | Immunology | pmid:17437532 |
Rollins MD et al. | Anti-inflammatory effects of PPAR-gamma agonists directly correlate with PPAR-gamma expression during acute pancreatitis. | 2006 Sep-Oct | J. Gastrointest. Surg. | pmid:16966031 |
Goya K et al. | The thiazolidinedione drug troglitazone up-regulates nitric oxide synthase expression in vascular endothelial cells. | 2006 Sep-Oct | J. Diabetes Complicat. | pmid:16949522 |
Castellani ML et al. | Rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-2H3) generate prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) after regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) activation. | 2006 Oct-Dec | Int. J. Biol. Markers | pmid:17177158 |
Lappas M et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) and troglitazone regulation of the release of phospholipid metabolites, inflammatory cytokines and proteases from human gestational tissues. | 2006 Nov-Dec | Placenta | pmid:16434095 |
Urade Y | Twenty-fifth anniversary of the discovery of somnogenic activity of prostaglandin D2: sleep research directed by Osamu Hayaishi. | 2006 May-Jun | IUBMB Life | pmid:16754308 |
Okano M et al. | Presence and characterization of prostaglandin D2-related molecules in nasal mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis. | 2006 May-Jun | Am J Rhinol | pmid:16871941 |
Guyer BJ et al. | Mast cell inhibitor R112 is well tolerated and affects prostaglandin D2 but not other mediators, symptoms, or nasal volumes in a nasal challenge model of allergic rhinitis. | 2006 May-Jun | Allergy Asthma Proc | pmid:16913263 |
Arai I | [Role of cutaneous prostaglandin D2 production on scratching dermatitis in mice]. | 2006 | Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi | pmid:17167214 |
Akabane H et al. | Effects of salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate on immunological activation of human cultured mast cells. | 2006 | Allergol Int | pmid:17130681 |
Ishimura M et al. | Effects of KP-496, a novel dual antagonist for leukotriene D4 and thromboxane A2 receptors, on contractions induced by various agonists in the guinea pig trachea. | 2006 | Allergol Int | pmid:17130683 |
Mazid MA et al. | Endogenous 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) synthesized by adipocytes during maturation phase contributes to upregulation of fat storage. | 2006 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:17150216 |
Rousseaux C and Desreumaux P | [The peroxisome-proliferator-activated gamma receptor and chronic inflammatory bowel disease (PPARgamma and IBD)]. | 2006 | J. Soc. Biol. | pmid:17151549 |
Kang DS et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 induces renal epithelial cell death through NF-kappaB-dependent and MAPK-independent mechanism. | 2006 | Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. | pmid:16890972 |
Nakata S et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J(2) induces death receptor 5 expression through mRNA stabilization independently of PPARgamma and potentiates TRAIL-induced apoptosis. | 2006 | Mol. Cancer Ther. | pmid:16891469 |
Wang XS and Lau HY | Beta-adrenoceptor-mediated inhibition of mediator release from human peripheral blood-derived mast cells. | 2006 | Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. | pmid:16895550 |
Zhang A et al. | Prostaglandin D2 inhibits TGF-beta1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in MDCK cells. | 2006 | Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. | pmid:16896186 |
Merwald H et al. | Induction of the 72-kilodalton heat shock protein and protection from ultraviolet B-induced cell death in human keratinocytes by repetitive exposure to heat shock or 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2. | 2006 | Cell Stress Chaperones | pmid:16572732 |
Arnold R and König W | Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists inhibit the release of proinflammatory cytokines from RSV-infected epithelial cells. | 2006 | Virology | pmid:16330064 |
Sheddan NA and Mulzer J | Cross metathesis as a general strategy for the synthesis of prostacyclin and prostaglandin analogues. | 2006 | Org. Lett. | pmid:16805562 |
Kohno S et al. | Inhibition of skin sclerosis by 15deoxy delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 and retrovirally transfected prostaglandin D synthase in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced scleroderma. | 2006 | Biomed. Pharmacother. | pmid:16337105 |
Chiang PC et al. | Induction of Fas clustering and apoptosis by coral prostanoid in human hormone-resistant prostate cancer cells. | 2006 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:16806159 |
Xie Y et al. | Differentiation-dependent regulation of the cyclooxygenase cascade during adipogenesis suggests a complex role for prostaglandins. | 2006 | Diabetes Obes Metab | pmid:16367886 |
Ogburn KD et al. | Prostaglandin J2 reduces catechol-O-methyltransferase activity and enhances dopamine toxicity in neuronal cells. | 2006 | Neurobiol. Dis. | pmid:16406650 |
Honma Y et al. | Effects of indomethacin and dexamethasone on mechanical scratching-induced cutaneous barrier disruption in mice. | 2006 | Exp. Dermatol. | pmid:16761958 |
El Mezayen R et al. | Effect of thymoquinone on cyclooxygenase expression and prostaglandin production in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. | 2006 | Immunol. Lett. | pmid:16762422 |
Lin TN et al. | 15d-prostaglandin J2 protects brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury. | 2006 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:16385084 |
Kobayashi M et al. | ATM activation by a sulfhydryl-reactive inflammatory cyclopentenone prostaglandin. | 2006 | Genes Cells | pmid:16824197 |
Ding J et al. | Cyclooxygenase isozymes are expressed in human myeloma cells but not involved in anti-proliferative effect of cyclooxygenase inhibitors. | 2006 | Mol. Carcinog. | pmid:16385588 |
Ogburn KD and Figueiredo-Pereira ME | Cytoskeleton/endoplasmic reticulum collapse induced by prostaglandin J2 parallels centrosomal deposition of ubiquitinated protein aggregates. | 2006 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:16774923 |
Landar A et al. | Interaction of electrophilic lipid oxidation products with mitochondria in endothelial cells and formation of reactive oxygen species. | 2006 | Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. | pmid:16387790 |
Zhang M et al. | Curcumin inhibits trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis in rats by activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. | 2006 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:16782535 |
Shimizu T et al. | A role of PPAR-gamma in androstenediol-mediated salutary effects on cardiac function following trauma-hemorrhage. | 2006 | Ann. Surg. | pmid:16794398 |
Chen Y et al. | Effects of PPARgamma agonists on cell survival and focal adhesions in a Chinese thyroid carcinoma cell line. | 2006 | J. Cell. Biochem. | pmid:16795079 |
Yucel-Lindberg T et al. | Signal pathways involved in the regulation of prostaglandin E synthase-1 in human gingival fibroblasts. | 2006 | Cell. Signal. | pmid:16766159 |
Relic B et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma1 is dephosphorylated and degraded during BAY 11-7085-induced synovial fibroblast apoptosis. | 2006 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:16766531 |
Bate C et al. | Prostaglandin D2 mediates neuronal damage by amyloid-beta or prions which activates microglial cells. | 2006 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:16289250 |
Bellows CF et al. | Modulation of macrophage nitric oxide production by prostaglandin D2. | 2006 | J. Surg. Res. | pmid:16289592 |
Helliwell RJ et al. | Gestational age-dependent up-regulation of prostaglandin D synthase (PGDS) and production of PGDS-derived antiinflammatory prostaglandins in human placenta. | 2006 | J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. | pmid:16291703 |
Grill M et al. | Systemic inflammation induces COX-2 mediated prostaglandin D2 biosynthesis in mice spinal cord. | 2006 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:16182321 |
Stamatakis K et al. | Identification of novel protein targets for modification by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in mesangial cells reveals multiple interactions with the cytoskeleton. | 2006 | J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. | pmid:16291835 |
Zhao X et al. | 15d-Prostaglandin J2 activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, promotes expression of catalase, and reduces inflammation, behavioral dysfunction, and neuronal loss after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. | 2006 | J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. | pmid:16208315 |
Landar A et al. | Induction of the permeability transition and cytochrome c release by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in mitochondria. | 2006 | Biochem. J. | pmid:16268779 |
Cesario RM et al. | Differentiation and growth inhibition mediated via the RXR:PPARgamma heterodimer in colon cancer. | 2006 | Cancer Lett. | pmid:16271436 |
Garg TK and Chang JY | Methylmercury causes oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in microglia: attenuation by 15-deoxy-delta 12, 14-prostaglandin J2. | 2006 | J. Neuroimmunol. | pmid:16225932 |
Cho WH et al. | 15-deoxy-(Delta12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) induces cell death through caspase-independent mechanism in A172 human glioma cells. | 2006 | Neurochem. Res. | pmid:17006759 |
Maciejewski-Lenoir D et al. | Langerhans cells release prostaglandin D2 in response to nicotinic acid. | 2006 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:17008871 |
Wilson RJ et al. | GW627368X ((N-{2-[4-(4,9-diethoxy-1-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[f]isoindol-2-yl)phenyl]acetyl} benzene sulphonamide): a novel, potent and selective prostanoid EP4 receptor antagonist. | 2006 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:16604093 |
Tanaka H et al. | Polymer-assisted solution-phase synthesis and neurite-outgrowth-promoting activity of 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-PGJ2 derivatives. | 2006 | Chem Asian J | pmid:17441107 |
Gulliksson M et al. | Release of prostaglandin D2 and leukotriene C4 in response to hyperosmolar stimulation of mast cells. | 2006 | Allergy | pmid:17073880 |
Phulwani NK et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) and ciglitazone modulate Staphylococcus aureus-dependent astrocyte activation primarily through a PPAR-gamma-independent pathway. | 2006 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:17074064 |
Kim EH et al. | Upregulation of VEGF by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 via heme oxygenase-1 and ERK1/2 signaling in MCF-7 cells. | 2006 | Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. | pmid:17384282 |
Ciucci A et al. | Induction of apoptosis in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells by natural and synthetic cyclopentenones: role of the IkappaB kinase/nuclear factor-kappaB pathway. | 2006 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:16908599 |
Egan K and FitzGerald GA | Eicosanoids and the vascular endothelium. | 2006 | Handb Exp Pharmacol | pmid:16999220 |
Sugimoto M et al. | Time course changes of scratching counts, dermatitis symptoms, and levels of cutaneous prostaglandins in NC/Nga mice. | 2006 | Exp. Dermatol. | pmid:17002684 |
Feldon SE et al. | Activated human T lymphocytes express cyclooxygenase-2 and produce proadipogenic prostaglandins that drive human orbital fibroblast differentiation to adipocytes. | 2006 | Am. J. Pathol. | pmid:17003477 |
Peeraully MR et al. | Prostaglandin D2 and J2-series (PGJ2, Delta12-PGJ2) prostaglandins stimulate IL-6 and MCP-1, but inhibit leptin, expression and secretion by 3T3-L1 adipocytes. | 2006 | Pflugers Arch. | pmid:16924534 |
Eucker J et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in mantle cell lymphoma. | 2006 | Anticancer Drugs | pmid:16926626 |
Satoh T et al. | Prostaglandin D2 plays an essential role in chronic allergic inflammation of the skin via CRTH2 receptor. | 2006 | J. Immunol. | pmid:16888024 |
Sugimoto M et al. | COX-1 inhibition enhances scratching behaviour in NC/Nga mice with atopic dermatitis. | 2006 | Exp. Dermatol. | pmid:16842596 |
Quinkler M et al. | Depot-specific prostaglandin synthesis in human adipose tissue: a novel possible mechanism of adipogenesis. | 2006 | Gene | pmid:16842938 |
Raikwar HP et al. | PPARgamma antagonists reverse the inhibition of neural antigen-specific Th1 response and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by Ciglitazone and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2006 | J. Neuroimmunol. | pmid:16844232 |
Willermain F et al. | 15-Deoxy-12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits interferon gamma induced MHC class II but not class I expression on ARPE cells through a PPAR gamma independent mechanism. | 2006 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:16939878 |
Lim HJ et al. | PPARgamma activation induces CD36 expression and stimulates foam cell like changes in rVSMCs. | 2006 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:16939881 |
Chiba T et al. | Prostaglandin D2 induces IL-8 and GM-CSF by bronchial epithelial cells in a CRTH2-independent pathway. | 2006 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:16940740 |
Yu X et al. | Nrf2-mediated induction of cytoprotective enzymes by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 is attenuated by alkenal/one oxidoreductase. | 2006 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:16857669 |
Chen ZH et al. | Induction of adaptive response and enhancement of PC12 cell tolerance by 7-hydroxycholesterol and 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 through up-regulation of cellular glutathione via different mechanisms. | 2006 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:16565077 |
King VL et al. | Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition with celecoxib decreases angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in mice. | 2006 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:16514081 |
Ray DM et al. | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 and ciglitazone induce human B lymphocyte and B cell lymphoma apoptosis by PPARgamma-independent mechanisms. | 2006 | J. Immunol. | pmid:17015690 |
Takai S et al. | Prostaglandin D2 induces the phosphorylation of HSP27 in osteoblasts: function of the MAP kinase superfamily. | 2006 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:16876988 |
Piraino G et al. | Synergistic effect of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma and liver X receptor-alpha in the regulation of inflammation in macrophages. | 2006 | Shock | pmid:16878022 |
Moulin D et al. | Effect of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)gamma agonists on prostaglandins cascade in joint cells. | 2006 | Biorheology | pmid:16912428 |
Yeh CH et al. | Cardiomyocytic apoptosis following global cardiac ischemia and reperfusion can be attenuated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha but not gamma activators. | 2006 | Shock | pmid:16912651 |
Ye F et al. | Quantitative characterization of 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 in regulating EGFPSmad2 translocation in CHO cells through PPARgamma/TGFbeta/Smad2 pathway. | 2006 | Cell. Physiol. Biochem. | pmid:16914899 |
Lee JJ et al. | Antiplatelet activity of carnosol is mediated by the inhibition of TXA2 receptor and cytosolic calcium mobilization. | 2006 | Vascul. Pharmacol. | pmid:16916624 |
Ulven T and Kostenis E | Targeting the prostaglandin D2 receptors DP and CRTH2 for treatment of inflammation. | 2006 | Curr Top Med Chem | pmid:16918458 |
Theiner G et al. | The mast cell mediator PGD2 suppresses IL-12 release by dendritic cells leading to Th2 polarized immune responses in vivo. | 2006 | Immunobiology | pmid:16920486 |