Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Hwang J et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands regulate endothelial membrane superoxide production. | 2005 | Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. | pmid:15590897 |
López-Parra M et al. | The selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib modulates the formation of vasoconstrictor eicosanoids and activates PPARgamma. Influence of albumin. | 2005 | J. Hepatol. | pmid:15629510 |
Hatoum OA et al. | Novel mechanism of vasodilation in inflammatory bowel disease. | 2005 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:16141408 |
Noguchi J et al. | Strain difference of murine bone marrow-derived mast cell functions. | 2005 | J. Leukoc. Biol. | pmid:16126842 |
Marone G et al. | Role of human mast cells and basophils in bronchial asthma. | 2005 | Adv. Immunol. | pmid:16227089 |
Jin YR et al. | An antithrombotic agent, NQ301, inhibits thromboxane A2 receptor and synthase activity in rabbit platelets. | 2005 | Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. | pmid:16128910 |
Fujishima H et al. | Prostaglandin D2 induces chemotaxis in eosinophils via its receptor CRTH2 and eosinophils may cause severe ocular inflammation in patients with allergic conjunctivitis. | 2005 | Cornea | pmid:16227827 |
Chevalier E et al. | Cutting edge: chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells plays a restricting role on IL-5 production and eosinophil recruitment. | 2005 | J. Immunol. | pmid:16081770 |
Polikandriotis JA et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands stimulate endothelial nitric oxide production through distinct peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-dependent mechanisms. | 2005 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:16020752 |
Kim J et al. | Suppression of prostate tumor cell growth by stromal cell prostaglandin D synthase-derived products. | 2005 | Cancer Res. | pmid:16024620 |
Figarella K et al. | Prostaglandin D2 induces programmed cell death in Trypanosoma brucei bloodstream form. | 2005 | Cell Death Differ. | pmid:15678148 |
Tanaka T et al. | Therapeutic potential of thiazolidinediones in activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma for monocyte recruitment and endothelial regeneration. | 2005 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:15680279 |
Genovese T et al. | Effect of rosiglitazone and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 on bleomycin-induced lung injury. | 2005 | Eur. Respir. J. | pmid:15684285 |
Costello DA et al. | Agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma attenuate the Abeta-mediated impairment of LTP in the hippocampus in vitro. | 2005 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:15993441 |
Patel KM et al. | Differential modulation of COX-2 expression in A549 airway epithelial cells by structurally distinct PPAR(gamma) agonists: evidence for disparate functional effects which are independent of NF-(kappa)B and PPAR(gamma). | 2005 | Cell. Signal. | pmid:15993751 |
Lappas M et al. | Effect of nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands on PTHrP release from human fetal membranes. | 2004 Sep-Oct | Placenta | pmid:15450387 |
Dong YG et al. | Effects of 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 on cell proliferation and apoptosis in ECV304 endothelial cells. | 2004 | Acta Pharmacol. Sin. | pmid:14704122 |
PPAR activators and gastroenterology. | 2004 | Drug News Perspect. | pmid:15801147 | |
Kumar AP et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands regulate myeloperoxidase expression in macrophages by an estrogen-dependent mechanism involving the -463GA promoter polymorphism. | 2004 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:14668325 |
Böhm E et al. | 11-Dehydro-thromboxane B2, a stable thromboxane metabolite, is a full agonist of chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells (CRTH2) in human eosinophils and basophils. | 2004 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:14668348 |
Itoh K et al. | Transcription factor Nrf2 regulates inflammation by mediating the effect of 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin j(2). | 2004 | Mol. Cell. Biol. | pmid:14673141 |
Kasim-Karakas SE et al. | Metabolic and endocrine effects of a polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich diet in polycystic ovary syndrome. | 2004 | J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. | pmid:14764771 |
Hirai H | [Prostaglandin D2 in allergy: PGD2 has dual receptor systems]. | 2004 | Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi | pmid:14695454 |
Abdelrahman M et al. | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand 15-deoxyDelta12,14 prostaglandin J2 reduces the organ injury in hemorrhagic shock. | 2004 | Shock | pmid:15545828 |
Chen F | Endogenous inhibitors of nuclear factor-kappaB, an opportunity for cancer control. | 2004 | Cancer Res. | pmid:15548674 |
Inoue K et al. | Effects of 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 on the cyclooxygenase-2 expression in the murine lung in the presence of lipopolysaccharide. | 2004 | Arzneimittelforschung | pmid:15612612 |
Mitsumori S | Recent progress in work on PGD2 antagonists for drugs targeting allergic diseases. | 2004 | Curr. Pharm. Des. | pmid:15579050 |
Arai I et al. | Prostanoid DP1 receptor agonist inhibits the pruritic activity in NC/Nga mice with atopic dermatitis. | 2004 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:15556157 |
Chen Q et al. | A yeast two-hybrid technology-based system for the discovery of PPARgamma agonist and antagonist. | 2004 | Anal. Biochem. | pmid:15556564 |
Kim BE et al. | Involvement of Sox-4 in the cytochrome c-dependent AIF-independent apoptotic pathway in HeLa cells induced by Delta12-prostaglandin J2. | 2004 | Exp. Mol. Med. | pmid:15557816 |
Józkowicz A et al. | 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin-J2 inhibits expression of eNOS in human endothelial cells. | 2004 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:15560113 |
Fogel-Petrovic M et al. | Activated human dendritic cells express inducible cyclo-oxygenase and synthesize prostaglandin E2 but not prostaglandin D2. | 2004 | Immunol. Cell Biol. | pmid:14984594 |
Cheng S et al. | Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma inhibits interleukin-1beta-induced membrane-associated prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 expression in human synovial fibroblasts by interfering with Egr-1. | 2004 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:15023995 |
Alvarez-Maqueda M et al. | 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 induces heme oxygenase-1 gene expression in a reactive oxygen species-dependent manner in human lymphocytes. | 2004 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:15024026 |
Marone G et al. | The human heart as a shock organ in anaphylaxis. | 2004 | Novartis Found. Symp. | pmid:15025396 |
Qin C et al. | A new class of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists that inhibit growth of breast cancer cells: 1,1-Bis(3'-indolyl)-1-(p-substituted phenyl)methanes. | 2004 | Mol. Cancer Ther. | pmid:15026545 |
Hashimoto K et al. | Activation and role of MAP kinases in 15d-PGJ2-induced apoptosis in the human pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2. | 2004 | Pancreas | pmid:15028947 |
Toyomoto M et al. | Prostaglandins are powerful inducers of NGF and BDNF production in mouse astrocyte cultures. | 2004 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:15044028 |
Tanaka K et al. | Effects of prostaglandin D2 on helper T cell functions. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:15044085 |
Onozaki A et al. | Rapid change of glucose concentration promotes mesangial cell proliferation via VEGF: inhibitory effects of thiazolidinedione. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:15047143 |
Koda N et al. | Synthesis of prostaglandin F ethanolamide by prostaglandin F synthase and identification of Bimatoprost as a potent inhibitor of the enzyme: new enzyme assay method using LC/ESI/MS. | 2004 | Arch. Biochem. Biophys. | pmid:15047184 |
Saydam O et al. | Transactivator protein BICP0 of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is blocked by prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), which points to a mechanism for PGD2-mediated inhibition of BHV-1 replication. | 2004 | J. Virol. | pmid:15047795 |
Woolhiser MR et al. | Activation of human mast cells by aggregated IgG through FcgammaRI: additive effects of C3a. | 2004 | Clin. Immunol. | pmid:15003814 |
Relic B et al. | 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits Bay 11-7085-induced sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation and apoptosis in human articular chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts. | 2004 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:15004016 |
Angeli V et al. | Activation of the D prostanoid receptor 1 regulates immune and skin allergic responses. | 2004 | J. Immunol. | pmid:15004188 |
Lupi R et al. | Rosiglitazone prevents the impairment of human islet function induced by fatty acids: evidence for a role of PPARgamma2 in the modulation of insulin secretion. | 2004 | Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. | pmid:14625208 |
Tsuji T et al. | Differential effects of beta2-adrenoceptor desensitization on the IgE-dependent release of chemical mediators from cultured human mast cells. | 2004 | Biol. Pharm. Bull. | pmid:15467193 |
Konopleva M et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and retinoid X receptor ligands are potent inducers of differentiation and apoptosis in leukemias. | 2004 | Mol. Cancer Ther. | pmid:15486192 |
Ishii T and Uchida K | Induction of reversible cysteine-targeted protein oxidation by an endogenous electrophile 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2004 | Chem. Res. Toxicol. | pmid:15487891 |
Li Z et al. | Neurotoxic prostaglandin J2 enhances cyclooxygenase-2 expression in neuronal cells through the p38MAPK pathway: a death wish? | 2004 | J. Neurosci. Res. | pmid:15523637 |
Liu JD et al. | Thiol antioxidant and thiol-reducing agents attenuate 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2-induced heme oxygenase-1 expression. | 2004 | Life Sci. | pmid:14998722 |
Sabichi AL et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma suppresses cyclooxygenase-2 expression in human prostate cells. | 2004 | Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. | pmid:15533896 |
Subbarayan V et al. | Differential peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma isoform expression and agonist effects in normal and malignant prostate cells. | 2004 | Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. | pmid:15533897 |
Eucker J et al. | Ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma induce apoptosis in multiple myeloma. | 2004 | Anticancer Drugs | pmid:15514564 |
Yoshida M et al. | Methotrexate enhances prostaglandin D2-stimulated heat shock protein 27 induction in osteoblasts. | 2004 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:15519494 |
Mix KS et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-independent repression of collagenase gene expression by 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic acid and prostaglandin 15-deoxy-delta(12,14) J2: a role for Smad signaling. | 2004 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:14742672 |
Dahlén SE and Kumlin M | Monitoring mast cell activation by prostaglandin D2 in vivo. | 2004 | Thorax | pmid:15170020 |
Bochenek G et al. | Plasma 9alpha,11beta-PGF2, a PGD2 metabolite, as a sensitive marker of mast cell activation by allergen in bronchial asthma. | 2004 | Thorax | pmid:15170023 |
Cheron A et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits glucocorticoid binding and signaling in macrophages through a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-independent process. | 2004 | J. Immunol. | pmid:15187150 |
Maddox JF et al. | 15-deoxy prostaglandin J2 enhances allyl alcohol-induced toxicity in rat hepatocytes. | 2004 | Toxicol. Sci. | pmid:14657518 |
Baek SJ et al. | Expression of NAG-1, a transforming growth factor-beta superfamily member, by troglitazone requires the early growth response gene EGR-1. | 2004 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:14662774 |
Zhang X et al. | Stress protein activation by the cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in human mesangial cells. | 2004 | Kidney Int. | pmid:14871400 |
Ueta M et al. | PPARgamma ligands attenuate mesangial contractile dysfunction in high glucose. | 2004 | Kidney Int. | pmid:14871416 |
Badawi AF et al. | Inhibition of rat mammary gland carcinogenesis by simultaneous targeting of cyclooxygenase-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. | 2004 | Cancer Res. | pmid:14871855 |
Levonen AL et al. | Cellular mechanisms of redox cell signalling: role of cysteine modification in controlling antioxidant defences in response to electrophilic lipid oxidation products. | 2004 | Biochem. J. | pmid:14616092 |
Reddy RC et al. | Deactivation of murine alveolar macrophages by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands. | 2004 | Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. | pmid:14617516 |
Reddy PS et al. | The synthesis and effects of prostaglandins on the ovary of the crab Oziotelphusa senex senex. | 2004 | Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. | pmid:14644642 |
Ehara N et al. | Activators of PPARgamma antagonize protection of cardiac myocytes by endothelin-1. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:15358182 |
Yuan ZY et al. | PPAR-gamma ligands inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines and attenuate autoimmune myocarditis. | 2004 | Chin. Med. J. | pmid:15361304 |
Dugo L et al. | 15d-prostaglandin J2 reduces multiple organ failure caused by wall-fragment of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. | 2004 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:15364008 |
Li L et al. | Molecular mechanisms regulating the antifibrogenic protein heme-oxygenase-1 in human hepatic myofibroblasts. | 2004 | J. Hepatol. | pmid:15336443 |
Hirata Y et al. | Anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic effect of NEPP11 on manganese-induced apoptosis and JNK pathway activation in PC12 cells. | 2004 | Brain Res. | pmid:15342272 |
Grau R et al. | Inhibition of activator protein 1 activation, vascular endothelial growth factor, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in colon carcinoma cells: evidence for a redox-sensitive peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-independent mechanism. | 2004 | Cancer Res. | pmid:15289320 |
Yoshimura-Uchiyama C et al. | Differential modulation of human basophil functions through prostaglandin D2 receptors DP and chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells/DP2. | 2004 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:15298571 |
Kielian T et al. | S. aureus-dependent microglial activation is selectively attenuated by the cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Delta12,14- prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2). | 2004 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:15312171 |
Fernández-Tome M et al. | p44/42(ERK1/2) MAPK and PLD activation by PGD2 preserves papillary phosphatidylcholine homeostasis. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:15249196 |
Kanunfre CC et al. | Ciglitizone and 15d PGJ2 induce apoptosis in Jurkat and Raji cells. | 2004 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:15251113 |
Berry EB et al. | Differential effects of serum constituents on apoptosis induced by the cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in WISH epithelial cells. | 2004 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:15253890 |
Morosetti R et al. | The PPARgamma ligands PGJ2 and rosiglitazone show a differential ability to inhibit proliferation and to induce apoptosis and differentiation of human glioblastoma cell lines. | 2004 | Int. J. Oncol. | pmid:15254749 |
Hofnagel O et al. | Proinflammatory cytokines regulate LOX-1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. | 2004 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:15271788 |
Park KS et al. | Neuronal differentiation of embryonic midbrain cells by upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma via the JNK-dependent pathway. | 2004 | Exp. Cell Res. | pmid:15212945 |
Shan ZZ et al. | A potential role of 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 for induction of human articular chondrocyte apoptosis in arthritis. | 2004 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:15213234 |
Tanaka Y et al. | Enhanced release of prostaglandin D2 during re-incubation of RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells after treatment of both lipopolysaccharide and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. | 2004 | Biol. Pharm. Bull. | pmid:15256727 |
Jawerbaum A et al. | Influence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activation by its endogenous ligand 15-deoxy Delta12,14 prostaglandin J2 on nitric oxide production in term placental tissues from diabetic women. | 2004 | Mol. Hum. Reprod. | pmid:15258247 |
Zhao ML et al. | 15-deoxy-delta (12,14)-PGJ2 inhibits astrocyte IL-1 signaling: inhibition of NF-kappaB and MAP kinase pathways and suppression of cytokine and chemokine expression. | 2004 | J. Neuroimmunol. | pmid:15265671 |
Zhang X et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and its ligands attenuate biologic functions of human natural killer cells. | 2004 | Blood | pmid:15265789 |
Azuma Y et al. | Induction of proliferation by 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 and the precursors in monocytic leukemia U937. | 2004 | Pharmacology | pmid:15240994 |
Zhang C et al. | The novel synthetic oleanane triterpenoid CDDO (2-cyano-3, 12-dioxoolean-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid) induces apoptosis in Mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome cells. | 2004 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:15245439 |
Siavash H et al. | Targeting of epidermal growth factor receptor by cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in human oral squamous carcinoma cells. | 2004 | Cancer Lett. | pmid:15194221 |
Li Z et al. | Delta12-Prostaglandin J2 inhibits the ubiquitin hydrolase UCH-L1 and elicits ubiquitin-protein aggregation without proteasome inhibition. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:15194490 |
Ruiz PA et al. | 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2-mediated ERK signaling inhibits gram-negative bacteria-induced RelA phosphorylation and interleukin-6 gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells through modulation of protein phosphatase 2A activity. | 2004 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:15199053 |
Shimomura K et al. | Fenofibrate, troglitazone, and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 close KATP channels and induce insulin secretion. | 2004 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:15201343 |
Baolin L et al. | Resveratrol inhibits the release of mediators from bone marrow-derived mouse mast cells in vitro. | 2004 | Planta Med. | pmid:15095144 |
Zang C et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands induce growth inhibition and apoptosis of human B lymphocytic leukemia. | 2004 | Leuk. Res. | pmid:15109539 |
Jakob M et al. | Chondrogenesis of expanded adult human articular chondrocytes is enhanced by specific prostaglandins. | 2004 | Rheumatology (Oxford) | pmid:15113997 |
Verrier E et al. | PPARgamma agonists ameliorate endothelial cell activation via inhibition of diacylglycerol-protein kinase C signaling pathway: role of diacylglycerol kinase. | 2004 | Circ. Res. | pmid:15117825 |
Leung WK et al. | Effect of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma ligands on growth and gene expression profiles of gastric cancer cells. | 2004 | Gut | pmid:14960510 |
Mouihate A et al. | A novel antipyretic action of 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in the rat brain. | 2004 | J. Neurosci. | pmid:14960602 |
Chatterjee PK et al. | The cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 ameliorates ischemic acute renal failure. | 2004 | Cardiovasc. Res. | pmid:14962493 |
Brummond KM et al. | The first total synthesis of 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 and the unambiguous assignment of the C14 stereochemistry. | 2004 | Org. Lett. | pmid:14723515 |