Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Arai I et al. | Effects of TS-022, a newly developed prostanoid DP1 receptor agonist, on experimental pruritus, cutaneous barrier disruptions and atopic dermatitis in mice. | 2007 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:17141215 |
Chambers KT et al. | PGJ2-stimulated beta-cell apoptosis is associated with prolonged UPR activation. | 2007 | Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. | pmid:17148750 |
Liu JJ et al. | Downregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression and activation of caspase-3 are involved in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists induced apoptosis in human monocyte leukemia cells in vitro. | 2007 | Ann. Hematol. | pmid:17089125 |
Skogvall S et al. | Effects of capsazepine on human small airway responsiveness unravel a novel class of bronchorelaxants. | 2007 | Pulm Pharmacol Ther | pmid:16731017 |
Rehan VK et al. | In utero nicotine exposure alters fetal rat lung alveolar type II cell proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism. | 2007 | Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. | pmid:17215434 |
Mathew B et al. | Inhibitory kappaB kinase 2 activates airway epithelial cells to stimulate bone marrow macrophages. | 2007 | Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. | pmid:17204585 |
Gallant MA et al. | Differential regulation of the signaling and trafficking of the two prostaglandin D2 receptors, prostanoid DP receptor and CRTH2. | 2007 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:17207480 |
Xue L et al. | Inhibition of PI3K and calcineurin suppresses chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2)-dependent responses of Th2 lymphocytes to prostaglandin D(2). | 2007 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:17196174 |
Jin YR et al. | Antiplatelet effect of NQ12: a possible mechanism through the arachidonic acid cascade. | 2007 | J. Pharmacol. Sci. | pmid:17951980 |
Fionda C et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 negatively regulates rankl gene expression in activated T lymphocytes: role of NF-kappaB and early growth response transcription factors. | 2007 | J. Immunol. | pmid:17371958 |
Saleem S et al. | PGD(2) DP1 receptor protects brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury. | 2007 | Eur. J. Neurosci. | pmid:17573924 |
Wu L et al. | Divergent effects of prostaglandin receptor signaling on neuronal survival. | 2007 | Neurosci. Lett. | pmid:17574754 |
Hasegawa H et al. | A novel natural compound, a cycloanthranilylproline derivative (Fuligocandin B), sensitizes leukemia cells to apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) through 15-deoxy-Delta 12, 14 prostaglandin J2 production. | 2007 | Blood | pmid:17551094 |
Ueki S et al. | Anti- and proinflammatory effects of 15-deoxy-delta-prostaglandin J2(15d-PGJ2) on human eosinophil functions. | 2007 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:17541271 |
Lim HJ et al. | 15d-PGJ2 stimulates HO-1 expression through p38 MAP kinase and Nrf-2 pathway in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. | 2007 | Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. | pmid:17631927 |
Olmos G et al. | Accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha through a novel electrophilic, thiol antioxidant-sensitive mechanism. | 2007 | Cell. Signal. | pmid:17658243 |
Xiang Z et al. | 15d-PGJ2 induces apoptosis of mouse oligodendrocyte precursor cells. | 2007 | J Neuroinflammation | pmid:17634127 |
Ye Y et al. | Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) by atorvastatin is mediated by 15-deoxy-delta-12,14-PGJ2. | 2007 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:17643887 |
Desmarais JA et al. | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma regulates trophoblast cell differentiation in mink (Mustela vison). | 2007 | Biol. Reprod. | pmid:17615406 |
Chen Y et al. | Prostaglandin D2 suppresses human NK cell function via signaling through D prostanoid receptor. | 2007 | J. Immunol. | pmid:17709490 |
Li Y et al. | Prediction of the 3D structure and dynamics of human DP G-protein coupled receptor bound to an agonist and an antagonist. | 2007 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. | pmid:17691773 |
Parameswaran K et al. | Modulation of human airway smooth muscle migration by lipid mediators and Th-2 cytokines. | 2007 | Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. | pmid:17431098 |
Rehan VK et al. | A paradoxical temporal response of the PTHrP/PPARgamma signaling pathway to lipopolysaccharide in an in vitro model of the developing rat lung. | 2007 | Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. | pmid:17435078 |
Vinall SL et al. | A paracrine role for chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T helper type 2 cells (CRTH2) in mediating chemotactic activation of CRTH2+ CD4+ T helper type 2 lymphocytes. | 2007 | Immunology | pmid:17437532 |
Rollins MD et al. | Anti-inflammatory effects of PPAR-gamma agonists directly correlate with PPAR-gamma expression during acute pancreatitis. | 2006 Sep-Oct | J. Gastrointest. Surg. | pmid:16966031 |
Goya K et al. | The thiazolidinedione drug troglitazone up-regulates nitric oxide synthase expression in vascular endothelial cells. | 2006 Sep-Oct | J. Diabetes Complicat. | pmid:16949522 |
Castellani ML et al. | Rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-2H3) generate prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) after regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) activation. | 2006 Oct-Dec | Int. J. Biol. Markers | pmid:17177158 |
Lappas M et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) and troglitazone regulation of the release of phospholipid metabolites, inflammatory cytokines and proteases from human gestational tissues. | 2006 Nov-Dec | Placenta | pmid:16434095 |
Urade Y | Twenty-fifth anniversary of the discovery of somnogenic activity of prostaglandin D2: sleep research directed by Osamu Hayaishi. | 2006 May-Jun | IUBMB Life | pmid:16754308 |
Okano M et al. | Presence and characterization of prostaglandin D2-related molecules in nasal mucosa of patients with allergic rhinitis. | 2006 May-Jun | Am J Rhinol | pmid:16871941 |
Guyer BJ et al. | Mast cell inhibitor R112 is well tolerated and affects prostaglandin D2 but not other mediators, symptoms, or nasal volumes in a nasal challenge model of allergic rhinitis. | 2006 May-Jun | Allergy Asthma Proc | pmid:16913263 |
Qu WM et al. | Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase produces prostaglandin D2 involved in regulation of physiological sleep. | 2006 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:17093043 |
Arai I | [Role of cutaneous prostaglandin D2 production on scratching dermatitis in mice]. | 2006 | Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi | pmid:17167214 |
Akabane H et al. | Effects of salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate on immunological activation of human cultured mast cells. | 2006 | Allergol Int | pmid:17130681 |
Ishimura M et al. | Effects of KP-496, a novel dual antagonist for leukotriene D4 and thromboxane A2 receptors, on contractions induced by various agonists in the guinea pig trachea. | 2006 | Allergol Int | pmid:17130683 |
Mazid MA et al. | Endogenous 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) synthesized by adipocytes during maturation phase contributes to upregulation of fat storage. | 2006 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:17150216 |
Rousseaux C and Desreumaux P | [The peroxisome-proliferator-activated gamma receptor and chronic inflammatory bowel disease (PPARgamma and IBD)]. | 2006 | J. Soc. Biol. | pmid:17151549 |
Lee SJ et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and retinoic acid X receptor alpha represses the TGFbeta1 gene via PTEN-mediated p70 ribosomal S6 kinase-1 inhibition: role for Zf9 dephosphorylation. | 2006 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:16611854 |
Herlong JL and Scott TR | Positioning prostanoids of the D and J series in the immunopathogenic scheme. | 2006 | Immunol. Lett. | pmid:16310861 |
Rockwell CE et al. | Interleukin-2 suppression by 2-arachidonyl glycerol is mediated through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma independently of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2. | 2006 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:16611855 |
Arnold R and König W | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists inhibit the replication of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in human lung epithelial cells. | 2006 | Virology | pmid:16616290 |
Merwald H et al. | Induction of the 72-kilodalton heat shock protein and protection from ultraviolet B-induced cell death in human keratinocytes by repetitive exposure to heat shock or 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2. | 2006 | Cell Stress Chaperones | pmid:16572732 |
Sato TA and Mitchell MD | Preferential production of prostaglandin D2 by lipopolysaccharide stimulated human choriodecidual explants. | 2006 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:16380246 |
Cheng K et al. | Antagonism of the prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 suppresses nicotinic acid-induced vasodilation in mice and humans. | 2006 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:16617107 |
Arnold R and König W | Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists inhibit the release of proinflammatory cytokines from RSV-infected epithelial cells. | 2006 | Virology | pmid:16330064 |
Sheddan NA and Mulzer J | Cross metathesis as a general strategy for the synthesis of prostacyclin and prostaglandin analogues. | 2006 | Org. Lett. | pmid:16805562 |
Kohno S et al. | Inhibition of skin sclerosis by 15deoxy delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 and retrovirally transfected prostaglandin D synthase in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced scleroderma. | 2006 | Biomed. Pharmacother. | pmid:16337105 |
Chiang PC et al. | Induction of Fas clustering and apoptosis by coral prostanoid in human hormone-resistant prostate cancer cells. | 2006 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:16806159 |
Xie Y et al. | Differentiation-dependent regulation of the cyclooxygenase cascade during adipogenesis suggests a complex role for prostaglandins. | 2006 | Diabetes Obes Metab | pmid:16367886 |
Ogburn KD et al. | Prostaglandin J2 reduces catechol-O-methyltransferase activity and enhances dopamine toxicity in neuronal cells. | 2006 | Neurobiol. Dis. | pmid:16406650 |
Honma Y et al. | Effects of indomethacin and dexamethasone on mechanical scratching-induced cutaneous barrier disruption in mice. | 2006 | Exp. Dermatol. | pmid:16761958 |
El Mezayen R et al. | Effect of thymoquinone on cyclooxygenase expression and prostaglandin production in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. | 2006 | Immunol. Lett. | pmid:16762422 |
Lin TN et al. | 15d-prostaglandin J2 protects brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury. | 2006 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:16385084 |
Kobayashi M et al. | ATM activation by a sulfhydryl-reactive inflammatory cyclopentenone prostaglandin. | 2006 | Genes Cells | pmid:16824197 |
Ding J et al. | Cyclooxygenase isozymes are expressed in human myeloma cells but not involved in anti-proliferative effect of cyclooxygenase inhibitors. | 2006 | Mol. Carcinog. | pmid:16385588 |
Ogburn KD and Figueiredo-Pereira ME | Cytoskeleton/endoplasmic reticulum collapse induced by prostaglandin J2 parallels centrosomal deposition of ubiquitinated protein aggregates. | 2006 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:16774923 |
Landar A et al. | Interaction of electrophilic lipid oxidation products with mitochondria in endothelial cells and formation of reactive oxygen species. | 2006 | Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. | pmid:16387790 |
Zhang M et al. | Curcumin inhibits trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis in rats by activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. | 2006 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:16782535 |
Cuzzocrea S | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and acute lung injury. | 2006 | Curr Opin Pharmacol | pmid:16580256 |
Brannan JD et al. | Inhibition of mast cell PGD2 release protects against mannitol-induced airway narrowing. | 2006 | Eur. Respir. J. | pmid:16707393 |
Suzuki T et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in human breast carcinoma: a modulator of estrogenic actions. | 2006 | Endocr. Relat. Cancer | pmid:16601291 |
Bate C et al. | Prostaglandin D2 mediates neuronal damage by amyloid-beta or prions which activates microglial cells. | 2006 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:16289250 |
Bellows CF et al. | Modulation of macrophage nitric oxide production by prostaglandin D2. | 2006 | J. Surg. Res. | pmid:16289592 |
Helliwell RJ et al. | Gestational age-dependent up-regulation of prostaglandin D synthase (PGDS) and production of PGDS-derived antiinflammatory prostaglandins in human placenta. | 2006 | J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. | pmid:16291703 |
Grill M et al. | Systemic inflammation induces COX-2 mediated prostaglandin D2 biosynthesis in mice spinal cord. | 2006 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:16182321 |
Stamatakis K et al. | Identification of novel protein targets for modification by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in mesangial cells reveals multiple interactions with the cytoskeleton. | 2006 | J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. | pmid:16291835 |
Zhao X et al. | 15d-Prostaglandin J2 activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, promotes expression of catalase, and reduces inflammation, behavioral dysfunction, and neuronal loss after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. | 2006 | J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. | pmid:16208315 |
Landar A et al. | Induction of the permeability transition and cytochrome c release by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in mitochondria. | 2006 | Biochem. J. | pmid:16268779 |
Cho WH et al. | 15-deoxy-(Delta12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) induces cell death through caspase-independent mechanism in A172 human glioma cells. | 2006 | Neurochem. Res. | pmid:17006759 |
Maciejewski-Lenoir D et al. | Langerhans cells release prostaglandin D2 in response to nicotinic acid. | 2006 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:17008871 |
Wilson RJ et al. | GW627368X ((N-{2-[4-(4,9-diethoxy-1-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[f]isoindol-2-yl)phenyl]acetyl} benzene sulphonamide): a novel, potent and selective prostanoid EP4 receptor antagonist. | 2006 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:16604093 |
Pereira MP et al. | Rosiglitazone and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 cause potent neuroprotection after experimental stroke through noncompletely overlapping mechanisms. | 2006 | J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. | pmid:16034372 |
Tanaka H et al. | Polymer-assisted solution-phase synthesis and neurite-outgrowth-promoting activity of 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-PGJ2 derivatives. | 2006 | Chem Asian J | pmid:17441107 |
Gulliksson M et al. | Release of prostaglandin D2 and leukotriene C4 in response to hyperosmolar stimulation of mast cells. | 2006 | Allergy | pmid:17073880 |
Phulwani NK et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) and ciglitazone modulate Staphylococcus aureus-dependent astrocyte activation primarily through a PPAR-gamma-independent pathway. | 2006 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:17074064 |
Kim EH et al. | Upregulation of VEGF by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 via heme oxygenase-1 and ERK1/2 signaling in MCF-7 cells. | 2006 | Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. | pmid:17384282 |
Aquila S et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma is expressed by human spermatozoa: its potential role on the sperm physiology. | 2006 | J. Cell. Physiol. | pmid:16972250 |
Gayarre J et al. | Addition of electrophilic lipids to actin alters filament structure. | 2006 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:16979589 |
Zhang YJ et al. | Effect of 15d-PGJ2 on the expression of CD40 and RANTES induced by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha on renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2). | 2006 | Am. J. Nephrol. | pmid:16864989 |
Schratl P et al. | Hierarchy of eosinophil chemoattractants: role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. | 2006 | Eur. J. Immunol. | pmid:16906532 |
Ciucci A et al. | Induction of apoptosis in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells by natural and synthetic cyclopentenones: role of the IkappaB kinase/nuclear factor-kappaB pathway. | 2006 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:16908599 |
Egan K and FitzGerald GA | Eicosanoids and the vascular endothelium. | 2006 | Handb Exp Pharmacol | pmid:16999220 |
Sugimoto M et al. | Time course changes of scratching counts, dermatitis symptoms, and levels of cutaneous prostaglandins in NC/Nga mice. | 2006 | Exp. Dermatol. | pmid:17002684 |
Feldon SE et al. | Activated human T lymphocytes express cyclooxygenase-2 and produce proadipogenic prostaglandins that drive human orbital fibroblast differentiation to adipocytes. | 2006 | Am. J. Pathol. | pmid:17003477 |
Peeraully MR et al. | Prostaglandin D2 and J2-series (PGJ2, Delta12-PGJ2) prostaglandins stimulate IL-6 and MCP-1, but inhibit leptin, expression and secretion by 3T3-L1 adipocytes. | 2006 | Pflugers Arch. | pmid:16924534 |
Eucker J et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in mantle cell lymphoma. | 2006 | Anticancer Drugs | pmid:16926626 |
Satoh T et al. | Prostaglandin D2 plays an essential role in chronic allergic inflammation of the skin via CRTH2 receptor. | 2006 | J. Immunol. | pmid:16888024 |
Sugimoto M et al. | COX-1 inhibition enhances scratching behaviour in NC/Nga mice with atopic dermatitis. | 2006 | Exp. Dermatol. | pmid:16842596 |
Quinkler M et al. | Depot-specific prostaglandin synthesis in human adipose tissue: a novel possible mechanism of adipogenesis. | 2006 | Gene | pmid:16842938 |
Raikwar HP et al. | PPARgamma antagonists reverse the inhibition of neural antigen-specific Th1 response and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by Ciglitazone and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2006 | J. Neuroimmunol. | pmid:16844232 |
Mesquita-Santos FP et al. | Cutting edge: prostaglandin D2 enhances leukotriene C4 synthesis by eosinophils during allergic inflammation: synergistic in vivo role of endogenous eotaxin. | 2006 | J. Immunol. | pmid:16424158 |
MartÃn AR et al. | The effects of resveratrol, a phytoalexin derived from red wines, on chronic inflammation induced in an experimentally induced colitis model. | 2006 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:16474422 |
Kang HY et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-gamma activator, ciglitazone, inhibits human melanocyte growth through induction of apoptosis. | 2006 | Arch. Dermatol. Res. | pmid:16474974 |
Schröder O et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits the expression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase type 2 in colon cancer cells. | 2006 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:16495511 |
King VL et al. | Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition with celecoxib decreases angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in mice. | 2006 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:16514081 |
Ray DM et al. | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 and ciglitazone induce human B lymphocyte and B cell lymphoma apoptosis by PPARgamma-independent mechanisms. | 2006 | J. Immunol. | pmid:17015690 |
Takai S et al. | Prostaglandin D2 induces the phosphorylation of HSP27 in osteoblasts: function of the MAP kinase superfamily. | 2006 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:16876988 |
Piraino G et al. | Synergistic effect of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma and liver X receptor-alpha in the regulation of inflammation in macrophages. | 2006 | Shock | pmid:16878022 |
Moulin D et al. | Effect of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)gamma agonists on prostaglandins cascade in joint cells. | 2006 | Biorheology | pmid:16912428 |
Yeh CH et al. | Cardiomyocytic apoptosis following global cardiac ischemia and reperfusion can be attenuated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha but not gamma activators. | 2006 | Shock | pmid:16912651 |