PGD2

Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.

Cross Reference

Introduction

To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.

What diseases are associated with PGD2?

PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.

Related references are mostly published in these journals:

Disease Cross reference Weighted score Related literature
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Possible diseases from mapped MeSH terms on references

We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2

MeSH term MeSH ID Detail
Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental D008106 36 associated lipids
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary D008105 12 associated lipids
Liver Cirrhosis D008103 67 associated lipids
Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell D007965 6 associated lipids
Leukemia, Myeloid D007951 52 associated lipids
Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute D007947 7 associated lipids
Leukemia, Experimental D007942 42 associated lipids
Leukemia P388 D007941 43 associated lipids
Leukemia D007938 74 associated lipids
Leiomyoma D007889 8 associated lipids
Kidney Failure, Chronic D007676 51 associated lipids
Inflammation D007249 119 associated lipids
Hypothermia D007035 19 associated lipids
Hypotension D007022 41 associated lipids
Hypertension, Pulmonary D006976 32 associated lipids
Hypertension D006973 115 associated lipids
Hypersensitivity, Immediate D006969 14 associated lipids
Hypersensitivity, Delayed D006968 43 associated lipids
Hypersensitivity D006967 22 associated lipids
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV D006953 6 associated lipids
Hyperlipoproteinemias D006951 15 associated lipids
Hyperlipidemias D006949 73 associated lipids
Hyperemia D006940 25 associated lipids
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II D006938 22 associated lipids
Hypercholesterolemia D006937 91 associated lipids
Hypercalcemia D006934 13 associated lipids
Hyperalgesia D006930 42 associated lipids
HIV Seropositivity D006679 15 associated lipids
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular D006528 140 associated lipids
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage D006471 27 associated lipids
Hemolysis D006461 131 associated lipids
Hematoma D006406 5 associated lipids
Headache D006261 4 associated lipids
Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal D006255 7 associated lipids
Goiter D006042 4 associated lipids
Glioma D005910 112 associated lipids
Gastroesophageal Reflux D005764 10 associated lipids
Folliculitis D005499 7 associated lipids
Fibrosis D005355 23 associated lipids
Fever D005334 35 associated lipids
Erythema D004890 22 associated lipids
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic D004830 2 associated lipids
Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental D004681 26 associated lipids
Encephalitis D004660 15 associated lipids
Edema D004487 152 associated lipids
Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced D004409 15 associated lipids
Down Syndrome D004314 18 associated lipids
Dirofilariasis D004184 3 associated lipids
Diabetes Mellitus D003920 90 associated lipids
Dermatitis, Atopic D003876 19 associated lipids
Drug Eruptions D003875 30 associated lipids
Dehydration D003681 11 associated lipids
Cystic Fibrosis D003550 65 associated lipids
Cryptorchidism D003456 2 associated lipids
Cryptococcosis D003453 3 associated lipids
Cough D003371 19 associated lipids
Coronary Disease D003327 70 associated lipids
Coronary Artery Disease D003324 47 associated lipids
Colonic Neoplasms D003110 161 associated lipids
Colitis, Ulcerative D003093 24 associated lipids
Colitis D003092 69 associated lipids
Chondrosarcoma D002813 9 associated lipids
Cholangitis D002761 3 associated lipids
Brain Ischemia D002545 89 associated lipids
Cell Transformation, Viral D002472 26 associated lipids
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic D002471 126 associated lipids
Cataract D002386 34 associated lipids
Catalepsy D002375 30 associated lipids
Carotid Artery Thrombosis D002341 7 associated lipids
Carcinoma, Renal Cell D002292 12 associated lipids
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung D002289 72 associated lipids
Bronchial Spasm D001986 18 associated lipids
Brain Damage, Chronic D001925 6 associated lipids
Body Weight D001835 333 associated lipids
Blood Platelet Disorders D001791 12 associated lipids
Blister D001768 16 associated lipids
Autoimmune Diseases D001327 27 associated lipids
Astrocytoma D001254 15 associated lipids
Asthma D001249 52 associated lipids
Ascariasis D001196 3 associated lipids
Arthritis, Experimental D001169 24 associated lipids
Arthritis D001168 41 associated lipids
Arteriosclerosis D001161 86 associated lipids
Arrhythmias, Cardiac D001145 42 associated lipids
Anaphylaxis D000707 35 associated lipids
Anal Gland Neoplasms D000694 1 associated lipids
Alzheimer Disease D000544 76 associated lipids
Adenocarcinoma D000230 166 associated lipids
Actinobacillus Infections D000189 4 associated lipids
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PubChem Associated disorders and diseases

What pathways are associated with PGD2

There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.

PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways

Link to PubChem Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways

What cellular locations are associated with PGD2?

Related references are published most in these journals:

Location Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures
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What functions are associated with PGD2?


Related references are published most in these journals:

Function Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures

What lipids are associated with PGD2?

Related references are published most in these journals:

Lipid concept Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures
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What genes are associated with PGD2?

Related references are published most in these journals:


Gene Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures

What common seen animal models are associated with PGD2?

Knock-out

Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).

Rodent Model

Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).

Related references are published most in these journals:

Model Cross reference Weighted score Related literatures
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NCBI Entrez Crosslinks

All references with PGD2

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Per page 10 20 50 100 | Total 3138
Authors Title Published Journal PubMed Link
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Kim BE et al. Cytochrome C-dependent Fas-independent apoptotic pathway in HeLa cells induced by delta12-prostaglandin J2. 2003 Exp. Mol. Med. pmid:14508070
Piliponsky AM et al. Non-IgE-dependent activation of human lung- and cord blood-derived mast cells is induced by eosinophil major basic protein and modulated by the membrane form of stem cell factor. 2003 Blood pmid:12393403
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Guyton K et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists modulate macrophage activation by gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial stimuli. 2003 Shock pmid:12813370
Burgermeister E et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma upregulates caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 expression in human carcinoma cells. 2003 Oncogene pmid:12813462
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Urade Y et al. Sleep regulation in adenosine A2A receptor-deficient mice. 2003 Neurology pmid:14663019
Aoun P et al. Role of PPAR-gamma ligands in neuroprotection against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in retinal ganglion cells. 2003 Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. pmid:12824244
Sugimoto H et al. An orally bioavailable small molecule antagonist of CRTH2, ramatroban (BAY u3405), inhibits prostaglandin D2-induced eosinophil migration in vitro. 2003 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. pmid:12649388
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Zamuner SR et al. Cyclooxygenase 2 mediates post-inflammatory colonic secretory and barrier dysfunction. 2003 Gut pmid:14633948
Armoni M et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma represses GLUT4 promoter activity in primary adipocytes, and rosiglitazone alleviates this effect. 2003 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:12777391
Shibata T et al. An endogenous electrophile that modulates the regulatory mechanism of protein turnover: inhibitory effects of 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 on proteasome. 2003 Biochemistry pmid:14636064
Liu H et al. PPARgamma ligands and ATRA inhibit the invasion of human breast cancer cells in vitro. 2003 Breast Cancer Res. Treat. pmid:12779083
Villegas I et al. A new flavonoid derivative, dosmalfate, attenuates the development of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in mice. 2003 Int. Immunopharmacol. pmid:14636824
Mitsumori S et al. Synthesis and biological activity of various derivatives of a novel class of potent, selective, and orally active prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonists. 1. Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane derivatives. 2003 J. Med. Chem. pmid:12773047
Inoue K et al. Effect of 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 on acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice. 2003 Eur. J. Pharmacol. pmid:14642794
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Kim EJ et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activator 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits neuroblastoma cell growth through induction of apoptosis: association with extracellular signal-regulated kinase signal pathway. 2003 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. pmid:12966153
Yagami T et al. Novel binding sites of 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in plasma membranes from primary rat cortical neurons. 2003 Exp. Cell Res. pmid:14597421
Collin M and Thiemermann C The PPAR-gamma ligand 15-deoxy(delta12,14) prostaglandin J2 reduces the liver injury in endotoxic shock. 2003 Eur. J. Pharmacol. pmid:12969773
Cuzzocrea S et al. Rosiglitazone and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2, ligands of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), reduce ischaemia/reperfusion injury of the gut. 2003 Br. J. Pharmacol. pmid:12970094
Caivano M et al. 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 regulates endogenous Cot MAPK kinase kinase 1 activity induced by lipopolysaccharide. 2003 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:14557273
Farrow B et al. Selective activation of PPARgamma inhibits pancreatic cancer invasion and decreases expression of tissue plasminogen activator. 2003 Surgery pmid:12947319
Murakami Y et al. Inhibition of monosodium urate monohydrate crystal-induced acute inflammation by retrovirally transfected prostaglandin D synthase. 2003 Arthritis Rheum. pmid:14558100
Zhang M et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activated by ligands can inhibit human lung cancer cell growth through induction of apoptosis. 2003 J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technol. Med. Sci. pmid:12973930
Niyonsaba F et al. Epithelial cell-derived antibacterial peptides human beta-defensins and cathelicidin: multifunctional activities on mast cells. 2003 Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy pmid:14561157
Powell WS 15-Deoxy-delta12,14-PGJ2: endogenous PPARgamma ligand or minor eicosanoid degradation product? 2003 J. Clin. Invest. pmid:12975467
Chen YX et al. 15d-PGJ2 inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis of MCG-803 human gastric cancer cell line. 2003 World J. Gastroenterol. pmid:14562367
Bell-Parikh LC et al. Biosynthesis of 15-deoxy-delta12,14-PGJ2 and the ligation of PPARgamma. 2003 J. Clin. Invest. pmid:12975479
Shichijo M et al. Chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells activation in vivo increases blood leukocyte counts and its blockade abrogates 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin D2-induced eosinophilia in rats. 2003 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. pmid:12975488
Gilroy DW et al. Inducible cyclooxygenase-derived 15-deoxy(Delta)12-14PGJ2 brings about acute inflammatory resolution in rat pleurisy by inducing neutrophil and macrophage apoptosis. 2003 FASEB J. pmid:14563690
Pierzchalska M et al. Deficient prostaglandin E2 production by bronchial fibroblasts of asthmatic patients, with special reference to aspirin-induced asthma. 2003 J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. pmid:12743569
Okano H et al. 15-deoxy-delta-12-14-PGJ2 regulates apoptosis induction and nuclear factor-kappaB activation via a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-independent mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma. 2003 Lab. Invest. pmid:14563954
Gao L et al. Formation of prostaglandins E2 and D2 via the isoprostane pathway: a mechanism for the generation of bioactive prostaglandins independent of cyclooxygenase. 2003 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:12746435
Kanbe E et al. DR1-like element in human topoisomerase IIalpha gene involved in enhancement of etoposide-induced apoptosis by PPARgamma ligand. 2003 Exp. Hematol. pmid:12691917
Jowsey IR et al. Expression of the murine glutathione S-transferase alpha3 (GSTA3) subunit is markedly induced during adipocyte differentiation: activation of the GSTA3 gene promoter by the pro-adipogenic eicosanoid 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. 2003 Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. pmid:14652005
Zernecke A et al. Suppression of endothelial adhesion molecule up-regulation with cyclopentenone prostaglandins is dissociated from IkappaB-alpha kinase inhibition and cell death induction. 2003 FASEB J. pmid:12692090
Hammad H et al. Prostaglandin D2 inhibits airway dendritic cell migration and function in steady state conditions by selective activation of the D prostanoid receptor 1. 2003 J. Immunol. pmid:14530310
Garg TK and Chang JY Oxidative stress causes ERK phosphorylation and cell death in cultured retinal pigment epithelium: prevention of cell death by AG126 and 15-deoxy-delta 12, 14-PGJ2. 2003 BMC Ophthalmol pmid:12659653
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Pérez-Sala D et al. Molecular basis for the direct inhibition of AP-1 DNA binding by 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2. 2003 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:14532268
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Mohri I et al. Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase is expressed in microglia in the developing postnatal mouse brain. 2003 Glia pmid:12673832
Takata K et al. Possible involvement of small oligomers of amyloid-beta peptides in 15-deoxy-delta 12,14 prostaglandin J2-sensitive microglial activation. 2003 J. Pharmacol. Sci. pmid:12719662
Liu JD et al. Involvement of c-jun N-terminal kinase activation in 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2-and prostaglandin A1-induced apoptosis in AGS gastric epithelial cells. 2003 Mol. Carcinog. pmid:12720296
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Oliva JL et al. The cyclopentenone 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 binds to and activates H-Ras. 2003 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. pmid:12684535
Paumi CM et al. Multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 1 and MRP3 attenuate cytotoxic and transactivating effects of the cyclopentenone prostaglandin, 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)prostaglandin J2 in MCF7 breast cancer cells. 2003 Biochemistry pmid:12731885
Gosset P et al. Prostaglandin D2 affects the maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells: consequence on the polarization of naive Th cells. 2003 J. Immunol. pmid:12734337
Lu S et al. Specific gene expression of isoforms in cyclooxygenase pathway to generate PGJ2 derivatives during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 2003 Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. pmid:12751756
Imaizumi T et al. 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 inhibits IFN-gamma-induced galectin-9 expression in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 2003 Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. pmid:12759491
Sommer A et al. A dominant role for extracellular glutathione S-transferase from Onchocerca volvulus is the production of prostaglandin D2. 2003 Infect. Immun. pmid:12761146
Irikura D et al. Cloning, expression, crystallization, and preliminary X-ray analysis of recombinant mouse lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase, a somnogen-producing enzyme. 2003 J. Biochem. pmid:12761195
Shibata T et al. Thioredoxin as a molecular target of cyclopentenone prostaglandins. 2003 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:12709421
Zhuang H et al. Regulation of heme oxygenase expression by cyclopentenone prostaglandins. 2003 Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) pmid:12709576
Kämpfer H et al. Cyclooxygenase-1-coupled prostaglandin biosynthesis constitutes an essential prerequisite for skin repair. 2003 J. Invest. Dermatol. pmid:12713596
Brown JR et al. Diminished production of anti-inflammatory mediators during neutrophil apoptosis and macrophage phagocytosis in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). 2003 J. Leukoc. Biol. pmid:12714573
Tautenhahn A et al. Activation-induced PPARgamma expression sensitizes primary human T cells toward apoptosis. 2003 J. Leukoc. Biol. pmid:12714582
Desmond JC et al. The aldo-keto reductase AKR1C3 is a novel suppressor of cell differentiation that provides a plausible target for the non-cyclooxygenase-dependent antineoplastic actions of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 2003 Cancer Res. pmid:12543809
Tanaka H et al. Possible involvement of prostaglandins F(2alpha) and D(2) in acetylcholine-induced positive inotropy in isolated mouse left atria. 2003 Pharmacology pmid:12571412
Söderström M et al. Novel prostaglandin D(2)-derived activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma are formed in macrophage cell cultures. 2003 Biochim. Biophys. Acta pmid:12573447
Gibbons H et al. Hypothermia suppresses inducible nitric oxide synthase and stimulates cyclooxygenase-2 in lipopolysaccharide stimulated BV-2 cells. 2003 Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. pmid:12573534
Abe M et al. GATA-6 is involved in PPARgamma-mediated activation of differentiated phenotype in human vascular smooth muscle cells. 2003 Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. pmid:12615657
Qin C et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists induce proteasome-dependent degradation of cyclin D1 and estrogen receptor alpha in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. 2003 Cancer Res. pmid:12615709
Kajekar R et al. Role of cyclooxygenase activation and prostaglandins in antigen-induced excitability changes of bronchial parasympathetic ganglia neurons. 2003 Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. pmid:12618420
Wanichkul T et al. Cytokine regulation by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in human endometrial cells. 2003 Fertil. Steril. pmid:12620489
Monneret G et al. 15R-methyl-prostaglandin D2 is a potent and selective CRTH2/DP2 receptor agonist in human eosinophils. 2003 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. pmid:12490611
Li L et al. RasGRP4 regulates the expression of prostaglandin D2 in human and rat mast cell lines. 2003 J. Biol. Chem. pmid:12493770
Winnett G et al. Prostaglandin J2 metabolites inhibit aromatase activity by redox-sensitive mechanisms: potential implications for breast cancer therapy. 2003 Int. J. Cancer pmid:12494466
Kalla R et al. Loss of microglial ramification in microglia-astrocyte cocultures: involvement of adenylate cyclase, calcium, phosphatase, and Gi-protein systems. 2003 Glia pmid:12465045
Arici M et al. Stimulation of proximal tubular cell apoptosis by albumin-bound fatty acids mediated by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma. 2003 J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. pmid:12506134
Badawi AF and Badr MZ Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and levels of prostaglandin E2 and 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in human breast cancer and metastasis. 2003 Int. J. Cancer pmid:12455057
Hirano A et al. Arachidonic acid-induced channel- and carrier-type ion transport across planar bilayer lipid membranes. 2003 Anal Sci pmid:12608744