Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Badawi AF et al. | Inhibition of rat mammary gland carcinogenesis by simultaneous targeting of cyclooxygenase-2 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. | 2004 | Cancer Res. | pmid:14871855 |
Norwitz ER et al. | Prostaglandin D2 production by term human decidua: cellular origins defined using flow cytometry. | 1992 | Obstet Gynecol | pmid:1495703 |
Leung WK et al. | Effect of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma ligands on growth and gene expression profiles of gastric cancer cells. | 2004 | Gut | pmid:14960510 |
Mouihate A et al. | A novel antipyretic action of 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in the rat brain. | 2004 | J. Neurosci. | pmid:14960602 |
Chatterjee PK et al. | The cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 ameliorates ischemic acute renal failure. | 2004 | Cardiovasc. Res. | pmid:14962493 |
Diab A et al. | Ligands for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and the retinoid X receptor exert additive anti-inflammatory effects on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | 2004 | J. Neuroimmunol. | pmid:14975592 |
Paumi CM et al. | Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) inhibit transcriptional activation by the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) ligand, 15-deoxy-delta 12,14prostaglandin J2 (15-d-PGJ2). | 2004 | Biochemistry | pmid:14979731 |
Fogel-Petrovic M et al. | Activated human dendritic cells express inducible cyclo-oxygenase and synthesize prostaglandin E2 but not prostaglandin D2. | 2004 | Immunol. Cell Biol. | pmid:14984594 |
Date M et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2, a ligand for peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-gamma, induces apoptosis in human hepatoma cells. | 2003 | Liver Int. | pmid:14986820 |
Kumagai M et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 inhibits the IL-1beta-induced expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells. | 2004 | Tohoku J. Exp. Med. | pmid:14998300 |
Liu JD et al. | Thiol antioxidant and thiol-reducing agents attenuate 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2-induced heme oxygenase-1 expression. | 2004 | Life Sci. | pmid:14998722 |
Kawada N et al. | Possible induction of fatty acid cyclo-oxygenase in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat Kupffer cells. | 1992 | Gastroenterology | pmid:1499903 |
Woolhiser MR et al. | Activation of human mast cells by aggregated IgG through FcgammaRI: additive effects of C3a. | 2004 | Clin. Immunol. | pmid:15003814 |
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Angeli V et al. | Activation of the D prostanoid receptor 1 regulates immune and skin allergic responses. | 2004 | J. Immunol. | pmid:15004188 |
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Alvarez-Maqueda M et al. | 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 induces heme oxygenase-1 gene expression in a reactive oxygen species-dependent manner in human lymphocytes. | 2004 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:15024026 |
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Qin C et al. | A new class of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists that inhibit growth of breast cancer cells: 1,1-Bis(3'-indolyl)-1-(p-substituted phenyl)methanes. | 2004 | Mol. Cancer Ther. | pmid:15026545 |
Hashimoto K et al. | Activation and role of MAP kinases in 15d-PGJ2-induced apoptosis in the human pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa-2. | 2004 | Pancreas | pmid:15028947 |
Diener M et al. | Characterization of the antisecretory action of prostaglandin D2 in the rat colon. | 1992 | Acta Physiol. Scand. | pmid:1502910 |
Abraha D et al. | (S,S)-formoterol increases the production of IL-4 in mast cells and the airways of a murine asthma model. | 2004 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:15031612 |
Azuma Y et al. | Possible involvement of p38 in mechanisms underlying acceleration of proliferation by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 and the precursors in leukemia cell line THP-1. | 2004 | J. Pharmacol. Sci. | pmid:15037811 |
Toyomoto M et al. | Prostaglandins are powerful inducers of NGF and BDNF production in mouse astrocyte cultures. | 2004 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:15044028 |
Tanaka K et al. | Effects of prostaglandin D2 on helper T cell functions. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:15044085 |
Onozaki A et al. | Rapid change of glucose concentration promotes mesangial cell proliferation via VEGF: inhibitory effects of thiazolidinedione. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:15047143 |
Koda N et al. | Synthesis of prostaglandin F ethanolamide by prostaglandin F synthase and identification of Bimatoprost as a potent inhibitor of the enzyme: new enzyme assay method using LC/ESI/MS. | 2004 | Arch. Biochem. Biophys. | pmid:15047184 |
Saydam O et al. | Transactivator protein BICP0 of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is blocked by prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), which points to a mechanism for PGD2-mediated inhibition of BHV-1 replication. | 2004 | J. Virol. | pmid:15047795 |
Karimi K et al. | Substance P can stimulate prostaglandin D2 and leukotriene C4 generation without granule exocytosis in murine mast cells. | 2004 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:15063154 |
Sasaguri T et al. | Anti-proliferative effect of prostaglandins A and J on cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. | 1992 | Jpn. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:1507558 |
Hoshi A et al. | [Experimental study on the role of prostaglandin D2 in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma]. | 1992 | Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi | pmid:1507684 |
Hsu MF et al. | Inhibition of the arachidonic acid cascade by norathyriol via blockade of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase activity in neutrophils. | 2004 | Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. | pmid:15083266 |
Bacic F et al. | Prostaglandin D2 in cultured capillary and microvascular endothelium of human brain. | 1992 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:1508957 |
Collin M et al. | Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma in the protection afforded by 15-deoxydelta12,14 prostaglandin J2 against the multiple organ failure caused by endotoxin. | 2004 | Crit. Care Med. | pmid:15090969 |
Baolin L et al. | Resveratrol inhibits the release of mediators from bone marrow-derived mouse mast cells in vitro. | 2004 | Planta Med. | pmid:15095144 |
Goto H et al. | Age-associated decreases in prostaglandin contents in human gastric mucosa. | 1992 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:1510674 |
Zang C et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands induce growth inhibition and apoptosis of human B lymphocytic leukemia. | 2004 | Leuk. Res. | pmid:15109539 |
Jakob M et al. | Chondrogenesis of expanded adult human articular chondrocytes is enhanced by specific prostaglandins. | 2004 | Rheumatology (Oxford) | pmid:15113997 |
Verrier E et al. | PPARgamma agonists ameliorate endothelial cell activation via inhibition of diacylglycerol-protein kinase C signaling pathway: role of diacylglycerol kinase. | 2004 | Circ. Res. | pmid:15117825 |
Akbiyik F et al. | Human bone marrow megakaryocytes and platelets express PPARgamma, and PPARgamma agonists blunt platelet release of CD40 ligand and thromboxanes. | 2004 | Blood | pmid:15130939 |
Han S et al. | Ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma inhibit lung cancer cell growth and induce apoptosis by stimulation of P21 expression. | 2004 | Chest | pmid:15136464 |
Thomas PS et al. | Prostaglandin D2 production and identification of prostaglandin H synthase within canine mast cell granule. | 1992 | Am. J. Physiol. | pmid:1514641 |
Chana RS et al. | Differential effects of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma) ligands in proximal tubular cells: thiazolidinediones are partial PPAR gamma agonists. | 2004 | Kidney Int. | pmid:15149321 |
Garg TK and Chang JY | 15-deoxy-delta 12, 14-Prostaglandin J2 prevents reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial membrane depolarization induced by oxidative stress. | 2004 | BMC Pharmacol. | pmid:15149553 |
Park EY et al. | Transactivation of the PPAR-responsive enhancer module in chemopreventive glutathione S-transferase gene by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and retinoid X receptor heterodimer. | 2004 | Cancer Res. | pmid:15150131 |
Cipollone F et al. | Balance between PGD synthase and PGE synthase is a major determinant of atherosclerotic plaque instability in humans. | 2004 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:15155382 |
Ward C et al. | Regulation of granulocyte apoptosis by NF-kappaB. | 2004 | Biochem. Soc. Trans. | pmid:15157161 |
Miwa Y et al. | Involvement of clusterin in 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2-induced vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:15158456 |
Kaiser L et al. | Dirofilaria immitis: do filarial cyclooxygenase products depress endothelium-dependent relaxation in the in vitro rat aorta? | 1992 | Exp. Parasitol. | pmid:1516664 |
Yuan Z et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands ameliorate experimental autoimmune myocarditis associated with inhibition of self-sensitive T cells. | 2004 | J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. | pmid:15167281 |
Dahlén SE and Kumlin M | Monitoring mast cell activation by prostaglandin D2 in vivo. | 2004 | Thorax | pmid:15170020 |
Bochenek G et al. | Plasma 9alpha,11beta-PGF2, a PGD2 metabolite, as a sensitive marker of mast cell activation by allergen in bronchial asthma. | 2004 | Thorax | pmid:15170023 |
Rodway HA et al. | Lysophosphatidic acid attenuates the cytotoxic effects and degree of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activation induced by 15-deoxyDelta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in neuroblastoma cells. | 2004 | Biochem. J. | pmid:15171682 |
Hawcroft G et al. | Expression of prostaglandin D2 receptors DP1 and DP2 by human colorectal cancer cells. | 2004 | Cancer Lett. | pmid:15172124 |
Son DJ et al. | Antiplatelet effect of green tea catechins: a possible mechanism through arachidonic acid pathway. | 2004 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:15172681 |
Takeshita K et al. | CRTH2 is a prominent effector in contact hypersensitivity-induced neutrophil inflammation. | 2004 | Int. Immunol. | pmid:15173122 |
Cheron A et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits glucocorticoid binding and signaling in macrophages through a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-independent process. | 2004 | J. Immunol. | pmid:15187150 |
Siavash H et al. | Targeting of epidermal growth factor receptor by cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in human oral squamous carcinoma cells. | 2004 | Cancer Lett. | pmid:15194221 |
Li Z et al. | Delta12-Prostaglandin J2 inhibits the ubiquitin hydrolase UCH-L1 and elicits ubiquitin-protein aggregation without proteasome inhibition. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:15194490 |
Ruiz PA et al. | 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2-mediated ERK signaling inhibits gram-negative bacteria-induced RelA phosphorylation and interleukin-6 gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells through modulation of protein phosphatase 2A activity. | 2004 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:15199053 |
Shimomura K et al. | Fenofibrate, troglitazone, and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 close KATP channels and induce insulin secretion. | 2004 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:15201343 |
Park KS et al. | Neuronal differentiation of embryonic midbrain cells by upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma via the JNK-dependent pathway. | 2004 | Exp. Cell Res. | pmid:15212945 |
Shan ZZ et al. | A potential role of 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 for induction of human articular chondrocyte apoptosis in arthritis. | 2004 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:15213234 |
Krueger JM et al. | Prostaglandins E2 and D2 have little effect on rabbit sleep. | 1992 | Physiol. Behav. | pmid:1523224 |
Azuma Y et al. | Induction of proliferation by 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 and the precursors in monocytic leukemia U937. | 2004 | Pharmacology | pmid:15240994 |
Zhang C et al. | The novel synthetic oleanane triterpenoid CDDO (2-cyano-3, 12-dioxoolean-1, 9-dien-28-oic acid) induces apoptosis in Mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome cells. | 2004 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:15245439 |
Fernández-Tome M et al. | p44/42(ERK1/2) MAPK and PLD activation by PGD2 preserves papillary phosphatidylcholine homeostasis. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:15249196 |
Kanunfre CC et al. | Ciglitizone and 15d PGJ2 induce apoptosis in Jurkat and Raji cells. | 2004 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:15251113 |
Berry EB et al. | Differential effects of serum constituents on apoptosis induced by the cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in WISH epithelial cells. | 2004 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:15253890 |
Morosetti R et al. | The PPARgamma ligands PGJ2 and rosiglitazone show a differential ability to inhibit proliferation and to induce apoptosis and differentiation of human glioblastoma cell lines. | 2004 | Int. J. Oncol. | pmid:15254749 |
Tanaka Y et al. | Enhanced release of prostaglandin D2 during re-incubation of RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells after treatment of both lipopolysaccharide and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. | 2004 | Biol. Pharm. Bull. | pmid:15256727 |
Jawerbaum A et al. | Influence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activation by its endogenous ligand 15-deoxy Delta12,14 prostaglandin J2 on nitric oxide production in term placental tissues from diabetic women. | 2004 | Mol. Hum. Reprod. | pmid:15258247 |
Zhao ML et al. | 15-deoxy-delta (12,14)-PGJ2 inhibits astrocyte IL-1 signaling: inhibition of NF-kappaB and MAP kinase pathways and suppression of cytokine and chemokine expression. | 2004 | J. Neuroimmunol. | pmid:15265671 |
Zhang X et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and its ligands attenuate biologic functions of human natural killer cells. | 2004 | Blood | pmid:15265789 |
Hofnagel O et al. | Proinflammatory cytokines regulate LOX-1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. | 2004 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:15271788 |
Eguchi N et al. | Permeability of brain structures and other peripheral tissues to prostaglandins D2, E2 and F2 alpha in rats. | 1992 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:1527717 |
Grau R et al. | Inhibition of activator protein 1 activation, vascular endothelial growth factor, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in colon carcinoma cells: evidence for a redox-sensitive peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-independent mechanism. | 2004 | Cancer Res. | pmid:15289320 |
Yoshimura-Uchiyama C et al. | Differential modulation of human basophil functions through prostaglandin D2 receptors DP and chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells/DP2. | 2004 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:15298571 |
Servidei T et al. | The cellular response to PPARgamma ligands is related to the phenotype of neuroblastoma cell lines. | 2004 | Oncol. Res. | pmid:15301425 |
Boyault S et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) inhibits IL-1beta-induced IKK enzymatic activity and IkappaBalpha degradation in rat chondrocytes through a PPARgamma-independent pathway. | 2004 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:15304320 |
Kielian T et al. | S. aureus-dependent microglial activation is selectively attenuated by the cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Delta12,14- prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2). | 2004 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:15312171 |
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Szczeklik W et al. | Functional effects and gender association of COX-2 gene polymorphism G-765C in bronchial asthma. | 2004 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:15316498 |
Siavash H et al. | Abrogation of IL-6-mediated JAK signalling by the cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15d-PGJ(2) in oral squamous carcinoma cells. | 2004 | Br. J. Cancer | pmid:15316561 |
Sánchez-Gómez FJ et al. | Protein thiol modification by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 addition in mesangial cells: role in the inhibition of pro-inflammatory genes. | 2004 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:15317873 |
Sinzinger H et al. | Isradipine improves platelet function in hypertensives. | 1992 | Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. | pmid:1531796 |
Shahab R et al. | Prostaglandins, leukotrienes and perennial rhinitis. | 2004 | J Laryngol Otol | pmid:15318955 |
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Sasaguri T and Miwa Y | Prostaglandin J2 family and the cardiovascular system. | 2004 | Curr Vasc Pharmacol | pmid:15320511 |
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Si Q et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits IFN-inducible protein 10/CXC chemokine ligand 10 expression in human microglia: mechanisms and implications. | 2004 | J. Immunol. | pmid:15322215 |
Cheng J et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands, 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2, and ciglitazone, induce growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest in hepatic oval cells. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:15325252 |
Li L et al. | Molecular mechanisms regulating the antifibrogenic protein heme-oxygenase-1 in human hepatic myofibroblasts. | 2004 | J. Hepatol. | pmid:15336443 |
Hirata Y et al. | Anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic effect of NEPP11 on manganese-induced apoptosis and JNK pathway activation in PC12 cells. | 2004 | Brain Res. | pmid:15342272 |
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Atkins KB et al. | Effects of PPAR-gamma ligands on vascular smooth muscle marker expression in hypertensive and normal arteries. | 2005 | Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. | pmid:15345487 |
Magnussen H et al. | Effects of a thromboxane-receptor antagonist, BAY u 3405, on prostaglandin D2- and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. | 1992 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:1535083 |
Ehara N et al. | Activators of PPARgamma antagonize protection of cardiac myocytes by endothelin-1. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:15358182 |