Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Mooney JJ et al. | Increased Gsα within blood cell membrane lipid microdomains in some depressive disorders: an exploratory study. | 2013 | J Psychiatr Res | pmid:23490066 |
Keum JH et al. | The anti-inflammatory effect of Cheongseoikki-tang ethanol extract on allergic reactions mediated by bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2013 | Chin J Integr Med | pmid:23494327 |
Lefils-Lacourtablaise J et al. | The eicosapentaenoic acid metabolite 15-deoxy-δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J3 increases adiponectin secretion by adipocytes partly via a PPARγ-dependent mechanism. | 2013 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23734181 |
Zhang S et al. | Role of prostaglandin D2 in mast cell activation-induced sensitization of esophageal vagal afferents. | 2013 | Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. | pmid:23471341 |
Welter H et al. | Partial loss of contractile marker proteins in human testicular peritubular cells in infertility patients. | 2013 | Andrology | pmid:23413143 |
Moreira V et al. | A catalytically-inactive snake venom Lys49 phospholipase Aâ‚‚ homolog induces expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and production of prostaglandins through selected signaling pathways in macrophages. | 2013 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:23416211 |
Heilmann S et al. | No genetic support for a contribution of prostaglandins to the aetiology of androgenetic alopecia. | 2013 | Br. J. Dermatol. | pmid:23448296 |
Kanda H et al. | COX-1-dependent prostaglandin D2 in microglia contributes to neuropathic pain via DP2 receptor in spinal neurons. | 2013 | Glia | pmid:23505121 |
Tasaki M et al. | Inhibition of antigen-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs by a selective antagonist of "chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells" (CRTH2). | 2013 | Eur J Pharm Sci | pmid:23624353 |
Taketomi Y et al. | Mast cell maturation is driven via a group III phospholipase A2-prostaglandin D2-DP1 receptor paracrine axis. | 2013 | Nat. Immunol. | pmid:23624557 |
Fernandez-Bustamante A et al. | Early increase in alveolar macrophage prostaglandin 15d-PGJ2 precedes neutrophil recruitment into lungs of cytokine-insufflated rats. | 2013 | Inflammation | pmid:23616184 |
Shyu RY et al. | H-rev107 regulates prostaglandin D2 synthase-mediated suppression of cellular invasion in testicular cancer cells. | 2013 | J. Biomed. Sci. | pmid:23687991 |
Hau CS et al. | Suppressive effects of antimycotics on thymic stromal lymphopoietin production in human keratinocytes. | 2013 | J. Dermatol. Sci. | pmid:23688403 |
Starkl P et al. | PLA2G3 promotes mast cell maturation and function. | 2013 | Nat. Immunol. | pmid:23685814 |
Sánchez-Gómez FJ et al. | Modulation of GSTP1-1 oligomerization by electrophilic inflammatory mediators and reactive drugs. | 2013 | Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets | pmid:23596995 |
Wappler EA et al. | Mitochondrial dynamics associated with oxygen-glucose deprivation in rat primary neuronal cultures. | 2013 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23658809 |
Krohn IK et al. | Mast cell FcϵRI density and function dissociate from dependence on soluble IgE concentration at very low and very high IgE concentrations. | 2013 | J Asthma | pmid:23294195 |
Rank MA et al. | Systemic reactions to allergen immunotherapy: a role for measuring a PGD2 metabolite? | 2013 | Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. | pmid:23244662 |
Ramer R et al. | COX-2 and PPAR-γ confer cannabidiol-induced apoptosis of human lung cancer cells. | 2013 | Mol. Cancer Ther. | pmid:23220503 |
Haskew-Layton RE et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) protects neurons from oxidative death via an Nrf2 astrocyte-specific mechanism independent of PPARγ. | 2013 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:23199167 |
Nakamura M et al. | Tumor apoptosis in prostate cancer by PGD(2) and its metabolite 15d-PGJ(2) in murine model. | 2013 | Biomed. Pharmacother. | pmid:23206752 |
Lewis A et al. | Heterogeneity in the responses of human lung mast cells to stem cell factor. | 2013 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:23278880 |
Nozaki Y et al. | PPARγ ligand attenuates portal inflammation in the MRL-lpr mouse: a new strategy to restrain cholangiopathy in primary biliary cirrhosis. | 2013 | Med Mol Morphol | pmid:23397546 |
Zhao G et al. | Pivotal role of reactive oxygen species in differential regulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandins production in macrophages. | 2013 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:23071105 |
Philibert P et al. | Unilateral cryptorchidism in mice mutant for Ptgds. | 2013 | Hum. Mutat. | pmid:23076868 |
Kataoka N et al. | Indomethacin inhibits eosinophil migration to prostaglandin D2 : therapeutic potential of CRTH2 desensitization for eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. | 2013 | Immunology | pmid:23582181 |
Lu Y et al. | Anti-inflammatory activity of hexane extracts from bones and internal organs of Anguilla japonica suppresses cyclooxygenase-2-dependent prostaglandin Dâ‚‚ generation in mast cells and anaphylaxis in mice. | 2013 | Food Chem. Toxicol. | pmid:23562928 |
Sato A et al. | Synthesis and evaluation of 2,3-dinorprostaglandins: Dinor-PGD1 and 13-epi-dinor-PGD1 are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α/γ dual agonists. | 2013 | Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. | pmid:23566516 |
Yazid S et al. | Anti-allergic cromones inhibit histamine and eicosanoid release from activated human and murine mast cells by releasing Annexin A1. | 2013 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23527056 |
Ayabe S et al. | Prostaglandin D2 inhibits collagen secretion from lung fibroblasts by activating the DP receptor. | 2013 | J. Pharmacol. Sci. | pmid:23538675 |
Xu X et al. | Identification of 15d-PGJ2 as an antagonist of farnesoid X receptor: molecular modeling with biological evaluation. | 2013 | Steroids | pmid:23707573 |
Safaralizadeh R et al. | Influence of selenium on mast cell mediator release. | 2013 | Biol Trace Elem Res | pmid:23784732 |
Hellmann J et al. | Increased saturated fatty acids in obesity alter resolution of inflammation in part by stimulating prostaglandin production. | 2013 | J. Immunol. | pmid:23785121 |
Moghaddami M et al. | Prostaglandin D(2) in inflammatory arthritis and its relation with synovial fluid dendritic cells. | 2013 | Mediators Inflamm. | pmid:23737645 |
Labrecque P et al. | Inverse agonist and pharmacochaperone properties of MK-0524 on the prostanoid DP1 receptor. | 2013 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23762421 |
Lu Y et al. | Manassantin B isolated from Saururus chinensis inhibits cyclooxygenase-2-dependent prostaglandin D2 generation by blocking Fyn-mediated nuclear factor-kappaB and mitogen activated protein kinase pathways in bone marrow derived-mast cells. | 2013 | Biol. Pharm. Bull. | pmid:23719635 |
Yoo JM et al. | Inhibitory effect of N-Acyl dopamines on IgE-mediated allergic response in RBL-2H3 cells. | 2013 | Lipids | pmid:23377981 |
Davidson J et al. | Eicosapentaenoic acid suppression of systemic inflammatory responses and inverse up-regulation of 15-deoxyΔ(12,14) prostaglandin J2 production. | 2013 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:23586396 |
Kim KH et al. | Nrf2 is essential for the expression of lipocalin-prostaglandin D synthase induced by prostaglandin D2. | 2013 | Free Radic. Biol. Med. | pmid:24029383 |
Endo S et al. | Rabbit 3-hydroxyhexobarbital dehydrogenase is a NADPH-preferring reductase with broad substrate specificity for ketosteroids, prostaglandin Dâ‚‚, and other endogenous and xenobiotic carbonyl compounds. | 2013 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:23994167 |
Quan GH et al. | Anti-allergic flavones from Arthraxon hispidus. | 2013 | Chem. Pharm. Bull. | pmid:23995356 |
Sharvit E et al. | Amplified inhibition of stellate cell activation pathways by PPAR-γ, RAR and RXR agonists. | 2013 | PLoS ONE | pmid:24098526 |
Alhouayek M et al. | Implication of the anti-inflammatory bioactive lipid prostaglandin D2-glycerol ester in the control of macrophage activation and inflammation by ABHD6. | 2013 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:24101490 |
Kuriyan AE et al. | Orbital fibroblasts from thyroid eye disease patients differ in proliferative and adipogenic responses depending on disease subtype. | 2013 | Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. | pmid:24135759 |
Fajt ML et al. | Prostaglandin Dâ‚‚ pathway upregulation: relation to asthma severity, control, and TH2 inflammation. | 2013 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:23506843 |
Cruse G et al. | A truncated splice-variant of the FcεRIβ receptor subunit is critical for microtubule formation and degranulation in mast cells. | 2013 | Immunity | pmid:23643722 |
Touitou V et al. | Sustained neuroprotection from a single intravitreal injection of PGJ2 in a rodent model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. | 2013 | Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. | pmid:24106118 |
Tofield A | Niacin and statin intolerable for some people. | 2013 | Eur. Heart J. | pmid:24137778 |
Napimoga MH et al. | Low doses of 15d-PGJ2 induce osteoblast activity in a PPAR-gamma independent manner. | 2013 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:23597428 |
Ramer R et al. | Induction but not inhibition of COX-2 confers human lung cancer cell apoptosis by celecoxib. | 2013 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:23943857 |
Juman S et al. | Effects of long-term oral administration of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on the immune functions of young rats. | 2013 | Nutrients | pmid:23760060 |
Penas F et al. | PPARγ ligand treatment inhibits cardiac inflammatory mediators induced by infection with different lethality strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. | 2013 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:22917565 |
Kattamuri PV et al. | Asymmetric synthesis of novel N-(1-phenyl-2,3-dihydroxypropyl)arachidonylamides and evaluation of their anti-inflammatory activity. | 2013 | Life Sci. | pmid:22820546 |
Parson HK et al. | Role of prostaglandin D2 and the autonomic nervous system in niacin-induced flushing. | 2013 | J Diabetes | pmid:22727040 |
Wu D et al. | Novel biphasic role of resolvin D1 on expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated lung fibroblasts is partly through PI3K/AKT and ERK2 pathways. | 2013 | Mediators Inflamm. | pmid:24174713 |
Choi HG et al. | Inhibition of prostaglandin Dâ‚‚ production by trihydroxy fatty acids isolated from Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. | 2013 | Phytother Res | pmid:23147809 |
Idborg H et al. | Effects of mPGES-1 deletion on eicosanoid and fatty acid profiles in mice. | 2013 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:23916744 |
Wang Y et al. | Optimization of phenylacetic acid derivatives for CRTH2 and DP selective antagonism. | 2012 | Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. | pmid:22119474 |
Alba G et al. | Transcription of liver X receptor is down-regulated by 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) through oxidative stress in human neutrophils. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23115616 |
Hossain MS et al. | Stable expression of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase in cultured preadipocytes impairs adipogenesis program independently of endogenous prostanoids. | 2012 | Exp. Cell Res. | pmid:22100987 |
Paulitschke V et al. | Proteome analysis identified the PPARγ ligand 15d-PGJ2 as a novel drug inhibiting melanoma progression and interfering with tumor-stroma interaction. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23049949 |
Ruiz M et al. | A cardiac-specific robotized cellular assay identified families of human ligands as inducers of PGC-1α expression and mitochondrial biogenesis. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23056435 |
Chae HS and Chin YW | Anti-allergic effect of lambertianic acid from Thuja orientalis in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2012 | Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol | pmid:21854102 |
Miyawaki T et al. | Combination of midazolam and a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-6 production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | 2012 | Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol | pmid:21854184 |
Maicas N et al. | Prostaglandin D2 regulates joint inflammation and destruction in murine collagen-induced arthritis. | 2012 | Arthritis Rheum. | pmid:21898357 |
Kaneko K et al. | Novel orexigenic pathway prostaglandin D2-NPY system--involvement in orally active orexigenic δ opioid peptide. | 2012 | Neuropeptides | pmid:23141054 |
Sedej M et al. | D-type prostanoid receptor enhances the signaling of chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T(H)2 cells. | 2012 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:21930295 |
Springstead JR et al. | Evidence for the importance of OxPAPC interaction with cysteines in regulating endothelial cell function. | 2012 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:22550136 |
Hossain MS et al. | Prostaglandin J2 series induces the gene expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 during the maturation phase of cultured adipocytes. | 2012 | Gene | pmid:22561694 |
Oda A et al. | Characterization of ovolin, an orally active tryptic peptide released from ovalbumin with anxiolytic-like activity. | 2012 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:22564055 |
Clemente-Napimoga JT et al. | 15d-PGJ2-loaded in nanocapsules enhance the antinociceptive properties into rat temporomandibular hypernociception. | 2012 | Life Sci. | pmid:22564409 |
Inceoglu AB et al. | Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase limits niacin-induced vasodilation in mice. | 2012 | J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. | pmid:22526297 |
Higashi N et al. | Aspirin-intolerant asthma (AIA) assessment using the urinary biomarkers, leukotriene E4 (LTE4) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) metabolites. | 2012 | Allergol Int | pmid:22627848 |
Kristensen DM et al. | Paracetamol (acetaminophen), aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) and indomethacin are anti-androgenic in the rat foetal testis. | 2012 | Int. J. Androl. | pmid:22612476 |
Matzkin ME et al. | Exploring the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)/15d-Δ(12,14)PGJ(2) system in hamster Sertoli cells: regulation by FSH/testosterone and relevance to glucose uptake. | 2012 | Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. | pmid:22974512 |
Myeku N et al. | cAMP stimulates the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway in rat spinal cord neurons. | 2012 | Neurosci. Lett. | pmid:22982149 |
Mechiche H et al. | Prostanoid receptors involved in regulation of the beating rate of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:22984630 |
Shim J et al. | Change in prostaglandin expression levels and synthesizing activities in dry eye disease. | 2012 | Ophthalmology | pmid:22858125 |
Chae HS et al. | Anti-allergic effect of a chloroform-soluble extract of Cinnamomum cambodianum in bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2012 | Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol | pmid:22229445 |
Nakahigashi K et al. | PGD2 induces eotaxin-3 via PPARγ from sebocytes: a possible pathogenesis of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. | 2012 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:22206772 |
Lu Y et al. | Citreorosein, a naturally occurring anthraquinone derivative isolated from Polygoni cuspidati radix, attenuates cyclooxygenase-2-dependent prostaglandin D2 generation by blocking Akt and JNK pathways in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2012 | Food Chem. Toxicol. | pmid:22154852 |
Hewson CA et al. | Preclinical evaluation of an inhibitor of cytosolic phospholipase A2α for the treatment of asthma. | 2012 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:22160268 |
Mantel A et al. | Aldo-keto reductase 1C3 is expressed in differentiated human epidermis, affects keratinocyte differentiation, and is upregulated in atopic dermatitis. | 2012 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:22170488 |
Farnesi-de-Assunção TS et al. | PPAR-γ agonists, mainly 15d-PGJ(2), reduce eosinophil recruitment following allergen challenge. | 2012 | Cell. Immunol. | pmid:22192475 |
Kuriyan AE et al. | Electrophilic PPARγ ligands inhibit corneal fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation in vitro: a potentially novel therapy for corneal scarring. | 2012 | Exp. Eye Res. | pmid:22178289 |
Yang K et al. | [Changes of prostaglandin D2,carboxypeptidase A3 and platelet activating factor in guinea pig in anaphylactic shock]. | 2012 | Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi | pmid:22812216 |
Raman P et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ¹²,¹â´-prostaglandin Jâ‚‚-glycerol, a putative metabolite of 2-arachidonyl glycerol and a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ligand, modulates nuclear factor of activated T cells. | 2012 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:22700433 |
Cao DS et al. | Expression of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and its role in insulin release from rat pancreatic beta cells. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:22701540 |
Yue L et al. | Prostaglandin D2 induces apoptosis of human osteoclasts by activating the CRTH2 receptor and the intrinsic apoptosis pathway. | 2012 | Bone | pmid:22705147 |
Napimoga MH et al. | Exogenous administration of 15d-PGJ2-loaded nanocapsules inhibits bone resorption in a mouse periodontitis model. | 2012 | J. Immunol. | pmid:22706081 |
Qiu H et al. | Cardiac-generated prostanoids mediate cardiac myocyte apoptosis after myocardial ischaemia. | 2012 | Cardiovasc. Res. | pmid:22707158 |
Luyer MD | Enteric neuroprotection. | 2012 | J. Physiol. (Lond.) | pmid:22707588 |
Nagata N and Urade Y | [Sleep-wake regulation by prostaglandin D2 and adenosine]. | 2012 | Brain Nerve | pmid:22647469 |
Fujimori K et al. | Activation of adipogenesis by lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase-generated Δ¹²-PGJ₂ acting through PPARγ-dependent and independent pathways. | 2012 | Gene | pmid:22664386 |
Cebola I and Peinado MA | Epigenetic deregulation of the COX pathway in cancer. | 2012 | Prog. Lipid Res. | pmid:22580191 |
Liu X et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) attenuates the biological activities of monocyte/macrophage cell lines. | 2012 | Eur. J. Cell Biol. | pmid:22560326 |
Gross-Sondej I et al. | [Measurement of bronchoconstrictive eicosanoids in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. | 2012 | Pneumonol Alergol Pol | pmid:22370980 |
Han Z et al. | 15-deoxy-Δ12,14 -prostaglandin J2 reduces recruitment of bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophages in chronic liver injury in mice. | 2012 | Hepatology | pmid:22371273 |
Syeda PK et al. | Generation of monoclonal antibody for 15-deoxy-Δ¹²,¹â´-prostaglandin Jâ‚‚ and development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for its quantification in culture medium of adipocytes. | 2012 | Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. | pmid:22391692 |
Quinteiro MS et al. | The indirect antinociceptive mechanism of 15d-PGJ2 on rheumatoid arthritis-induced TMJ inflammatory pain in rats. | 2012 | Eur J Pain | pmid:22354681 |