Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Arai I | [Role of cutaneous prostaglandin D2 production on scratching dermatitis in mice]. | 2006 | Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi | pmid:17167214 |
Akabane H et al. | Effects of salmeterol xinafoate and fluticasone propionate on immunological activation of human cultured mast cells. | 2006 | Allergol Int | pmid:17130681 |
Ishimura M et al. | Effects of KP-496, a novel dual antagonist for leukotriene D4 and thromboxane A2 receptors, on contractions induced by various agonists in the guinea pig trachea. | 2006 | Allergol Int | pmid:17130683 |
Mazid MA et al. | Endogenous 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) synthesized by adipocytes during maturation phase contributes to upregulation of fat storage. | 2006 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:17150216 |
Rousseaux C and Desreumaux P | [The peroxisome-proliferator-activated gamma receptor and chronic inflammatory bowel disease (PPARgamma and IBD)]. | 2006 | J. Soc. Biol. | pmid:17151549 |
Kang DS et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 induces renal epithelial cell death through NF-kappaB-dependent and MAPK-independent mechanism. | 2006 | Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. | pmid:16890972 |
Nakata S et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J(2) induces death receptor 5 expression through mRNA stabilization independently of PPARgamma and potentiates TRAIL-induced apoptosis. | 2006 | Mol. Cancer Ther. | pmid:16891469 |
Wang XS and Lau HY | Beta-adrenoceptor-mediated inhibition of mediator release from human peripheral blood-derived mast cells. | 2006 | Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. | pmid:16895550 |
Merwald H et al. | Induction of the 72-kilodalton heat shock protein and protection from ultraviolet B-induced cell death in human keratinocytes by repetitive exposure to heat shock or 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2. | 2006 | Cell Stress Chaperones | pmid:16572732 |
Sato TA and Mitchell MD | Preferential production of prostaglandin D2 by lipopolysaccharide stimulated human choriodecidual explants. | 2006 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:16380246 |
Cheng K et al. | Antagonism of the prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 suppresses nicotinic acid-induced vasodilation in mice and humans. | 2006 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:16617107 |
Arnold R and König W | Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists inhibit the release of proinflammatory cytokines from RSV-infected epithelial cells. | 2006 | Virology | pmid:16330064 |
Sheddan NA and Mulzer J | Cross metathesis as a general strategy for the synthesis of prostacyclin and prostaglandin analogues. | 2006 | Org. Lett. | pmid:16805562 |
Kohno S et al. | Inhibition of skin sclerosis by 15deoxy delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 and retrovirally transfected prostaglandin D synthase in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced scleroderma. | 2006 | Biomed. Pharmacother. | pmid:16337105 |
Chiang PC et al. | Induction of Fas clustering and apoptosis by coral prostanoid in human hormone-resistant prostate cancer cells. | 2006 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:16806159 |
Xie Y et al. | Differentiation-dependent regulation of the cyclooxygenase cascade during adipogenesis suggests a complex role for prostaglandins. | 2006 | Diabetes Obes Metab | pmid:16367886 |
Ogburn KD et al. | Prostaglandin J2 reduces catechol-O-methyltransferase activity and enhances dopamine toxicity in neuronal cells. | 2006 | Neurobiol. Dis. | pmid:16406650 |
Honma Y et al. | Effects of indomethacin and dexamethasone on mechanical scratching-induced cutaneous barrier disruption in mice. | 2006 | Exp. Dermatol. | pmid:16761958 |
El Mezayen R et al. | Effect of thymoquinone on cyclooxygenase expression and prostaglandin production in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. | 2006 | Immunol. Lett. | pmid:16762422 |
Lin TN et al. | 15d-prostaglandin J2 protects brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury. | 2006 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:16385084 |
Kobayashi M et al. | ATM activation by a sulfhydryl-reactive inflammatory cyclopentenone prostaglandin. | 2006 | Genes Cells | pmid:16824197 |
Ding J et al. | Cyclooxygenase isozymes are expressed in human myeloma cells but not involved in anti-proliferative effect of cyclooxygenase inhibitors. | 2006 | Mol. Carcinog. | pmid:16385588 |
Ogburn KD and Figueiredo-Pereira ME | Cytoskeleton/endoplasmic reticulum collapse induced by prostaglandin J2 parallels centrosomal deposition of ubiquitinated protein aggregates. | 2006 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:16774923 |
Landar A et al. | Interaction of electrophilic lipid oxidation products with mitochondria in endothelial cells and formation of reactive oxygen species. | 2006 | Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. | pmid:16387790 |
Zhang M et al. | Curcumin inhibits trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colitis in rats by activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. | 2006 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:16782535 |
Shimizu T et al. | A role of PPAR-gamma in androstenediol-mediated salutary effects on cardiac function following trauma-hemorrhage. | 2006 | Ann. Surg. | pmid:16794398 |
Chen Y et al. | Effects of PPARgamma agonists on cell survival and focal adhesions in a Chinese thyroid carcinoma cell line. | 2006 | J. Cell. Biochem. | pmid:16795079 |
Yucel-Lindberg T et al. | Signal pathways involved in the regulation of prostaglandin E synthase-1 in human gingival fibroblasts. | 2006 | Cell. Signal. | pmid:16766159 |
Relic B et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma1 is dephosphorylated and degraded during BAY 11-7085-induced synovial fibroblast apoptosis. | 2006 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:16766531 |
Suzuki T et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in human breast carcinoma: a modulator of estrogenic actions. | 2006 | Endocr. Relat. Cancer | pmid:16601291 |
Bate C et al. | Prostaglandin D2 mediates neuronal damage by amyloid-beta or prions which activates microglial cells. | 2006 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:16289250 |
Bellows CF et al. | Modulation of macrophage nitric oxide production by prostaglandin D2. | 2006 | J. Surg. Res. | pmid:16289592 |
Helliwell RJ et al. | Gestational age-dependent up-regulation of prostaglandin D synthase (PGDS) and production of PGDS-derived antiinflammatory prostaglandins in human placenta. | 2006 | J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. | pmid:16291703 |
Grill M et al. | Systemic inflammation induces COX-2 mediated prostaglandin D2 biosynthesis in mice spinal cord. | 2006 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:16182321 |
Stamatakis K et al. | Identification of novel protein targets for modification by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in mesangial cells reveals multiple interactions with the cytoskeleton. | 2006 | J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. | pmid:16291835 |
Zhao X et al. | 15d-Prostaglandin J2 activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, promotes expression of catalase, and reduces inflammation, behavioral dysfunction, and neuronal loss after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. | 2006 | J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. | pmid:16208315 |
Landar A et al. | Induction of the permeability transition and cytochrome c release by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in mitochondria. | 2006 | Biochem. J. | pmid:16268779 |
Cesario RM et al. | Differentiation and growth inhibition mediated via the RXR:PPARgamma heterodimer in colon cancer. | 2006 | Cancer Lett. | pmid:16271436 |
Garg TK and Chang JY | Methylmercury causes oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in microglia: attenuation by 15-deoxy-delta 12, 14-prostaglandin J2. | 2006 | J. Neuroimmunol. | pmid:16225932 |
Cho WH et al. | 15-deoxy-(Delta12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) induces cell death through caspase-independent mechanism in A172 human glioma cells. | 2006 | Neurochem. Res. | pmid:17006759 |
Maciejewski-Lenoir D et al. | Langerhans cells release prostaglandin D2 in response to nicotinic acid. | 2006 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:17008871 |
Wilson RJ et al. | GW627368X ((N-{2-[4-(4,9-diethoxy-1-oxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[f]isoindol-2-yl)phenyl]acetyl} benzene sulphonamide): a novel, potent and selective prostanoid EP4 receptor antagonist. | 2006 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:16604093 |
Tanaka H et al. | Polymer-assisted solution-phase synthesis and neurite-outgrowth-promoting activity of 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-PGJ2 derivatives. | 2006 | Chem Asian J | pmid:17441107 |
Gulliksson M et al. | Release of prostaglandin D2 and leukotriene C4 in response to hyperosmolar stimulation of mast cells. | 2006 | Allergy | pmid:17073880 |
Phulwani NK et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) and ciglitazone modulate Staphylococcus aureus-dependent astrocyte activation primarily through a PPAR-gamma-independent pathway. | 2006 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:17074064 |
Kim EH et al. | Upregulation of VEGF by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 via heme oxygenase-1 and ERK1/2 signaling in MCF-7 cells. | 2006 | Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. | pmid:17384282 |
Schratl P et al. | Hierarchy of eosinophil chemoattractants: role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. | 2006 | Eur. J. Immunol. | pmid:16906532 |
Ciucci A et al. | Induction of apoptosis in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells by natural and synthetic cyclopentenones: role of the IkappaB kinase/nuclear factor-kappaB pathway. | 2006 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:16908599 |
Egan K and FitzGerald GA | Eicosanoids and the vascular endothelium. | 2006 | Handb Exp Pharmacol | pmid:16999220 |
Sugimoto M et al. | Time course changes of scratching counts, dermatitis symptoms, and levels of cutaneous prostaglandins in NC/Nga mice. | 2006 | Exp. Dermatol. | pmid:17002684 |
Feldon SE et al. | Activated human T lymphocytes express cyclooxygenase-2 and produce proadipogenic prostaglandins that drive human orbital fibroblast differentiation to adipocytes. | 2006 | Am. J. Pathol. | pmid:17003477 |
Peeraully MR et al. | Prostaglandin D2 and J2-series (PGJ2, Delta12-PGJ2) prostaglandins stimulate IL-6 and MCP-1, but inhibit leptin, expression and secretion by 3T3-L1 adipocytes. | 2006 | Pflugers Arch. | pmid:16924534 |
Eucker J et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in mantle cell lymphoma. | 2006 | Anticancer Drugs | pmid:16926626 |
Satoh T et al. | Prostaglandin D2 plays an essential role in chronic allergic inflammation of the skin via CRTH2 receptor. | 2006 | J. Immunol. | pmid:16888024 |
Sugimoto M et al. | COX-1 inhibition enhances scratching behaviour in NC/Nga mice with atopic dermatitis. | 2006 | Exp. Dermatol. | pmid:16842596 |
Quinkler M et al. | Depot-specific prostaglandin synthesis in human adipose tissue: a novel possible mechanism of adipogenesis. | 2006 | Gene | pmid:16842938 |
Raikwar HP et al. | PPARgamma antagonists reverse the inhibition of neural antigen-specific Th1 response and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by Ciglitazone and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2006 | J. Neuroimmunol. | pmid:16844232 |
Willermain F et al. | 15-Deoxy-12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits interferon gamma induced MHC class II but not class I expression on ARPE cells through a PPAR gamma independent mechanism. | 2006 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:16939878 |
Lim HJ et al. | PPARgamma activation induces CD36 expression and stimulates foam cell like changes in rVSMCs. | 2006 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:16939881 |
Chiba T et al. | Prostaglandin D2 induces IL-8 and GM-CSF by bronchial epithelial cells in a CRTH2-independent pathway. | 2006 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:16940740 |
Yu X et al. | Nrf2-mediated induction of cytoprotective enzymes by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 is attenuated by alkenal/one oxidoreductase. | 2006 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:16857669 |
Schröder O et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits the expression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase type 2 in colon cancer cells. | 2006 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:16495511 |
King VL et al. | Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition with celecoxib decreases angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in mice. | 2006 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:16514081 |
Ray DM et al. | The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 and ciglitazone induce human B lymphocyte and B cell lymphoma apoptosis by PPARgamma-independent mechanisms. | 2006 | J. Immunol. | pmid:17015690 |
Takai S et al. | Prostaglandin D2 induces the phosphorylation of HSP27 in osteoblasts: function of the MAP kinase superfamily. | 2006 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:16876988 |
Piraino G et al. | Synergistic effect of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma and liver X receptor-alpha in the regulation of inflammation in macrophages. | 2006 | Shock | pmid:16878022 |
Moulin D et al. | Effect of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)gamma agonists on prostaglandins cascade in joint cells. | 2006 | Biorheology | pmid:16912428 |
Yeh CH et al. | Cardiomyocytic apoptosis following global cardiac ischemia and reperfusion can be attenuated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha but not gamma activators. | 2006 | Shock | pmid:16912651 |
Ye F et al. | Quantitative characterization of 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 in regulating EGFPSmad2 translocation in CHO cells through PPARgamma/TGFbeta/Smad2 pathway. | 2006 | Cell. Physiol. Biochem. | pmid:16914899 |
Lee JJ et al. | Antiplatelet activity of carnosol is mediated by the inhibition of TXA2 receptor and cytosolic calcium mobilization. | 2006 | Vascul. Pharmacol. | pmid:16916624 |
Ulven T and Kostenis E | Targeting the prostaglandin D2 receptors DP and CRTH2 for treatment of inflammation. | 2006 | Curr Top Med Chem | pmid:16918458 |
Calabrò P et al. | Inhibition of tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha induced endothelial cell activation by a new class of PPAR-gamma agonists. An in vitro study showing receptor-independent effects. | 2005 Nov-Dec | J. Vasc. Res. | pmid:16155367 |
Marchini C et al. | Aspirin modulates LPS-induced nitric oxide release in rat glial cells. | 2005 Jun 10-17 | Neurosci. Lett. | pmid:15882795 |
Hwang J et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands regulate endothelial membrane superoxide production. | 2005 | Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. | pmid:15590897 |
López-Parra M et al. | The selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib modulates the formation of vasoconstrictor eicosanoids and activates PPARgamma. Influence of albumin. | 2005 | J. Hepatol. | pmid:15629510 |
Scher JU and Pillinger MH | 15d-PGJ2: the anti-inflammatory prostaglandin? | 2005 | Clin. Immunol. | pmid:15639643 |
Hata AN et al. | Structural determinants of arylacetic acid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs necessary for binding and activation of the prostaglandin D2 receptor CRTH2. | 2005 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:15563582 |
Noguchi J et al. | Strain difference of murine bone marrow-derived mast cell functions. | 2005 | J. Leukoc. Biol. | pmid:16126842 |
Marone G et al. | Role of human mast cells and basophils in bronchial asthma. | 2005 | Adv. Immunol. | pmid:16227089 |
Jin YR et al. | An antithrombotic agent, NQ301, inhibits thromboxane A2 receptor and synthase activity in rabbit platelets. | 2005 | Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. | pmid:16128910 |
Fujishima H et al. | Prostaglandin D2 induces chemotaxis in eosinophils via its receptor CRTH2 and eosinophils may cause severe ocular inflammation in patients with allergic conjunctivitis. | 2005 | Cornea | pmid:16227827 |
Nie M et al. | Differential regulation of chemokine expression by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists: interactions with glucocorticoids and beta2-agonists. | 2005 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:15531761 |
Kobayashi Y et al. | Physiological levels of 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 prime eotaxin-induced chemotaxis on human eosinophils through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligation. | 2005 | J. Immunol. | pmid:16237065 |
Na HK et al. | ET-18-O-CH3-induced apoptosis is causally linked to COX-2 upregulation in H-ras transformed human breast epithelial cells. | 2005 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:16253239 |
Polikandriotis JA et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands stimulate endothelial nitric oxide production through distinct peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-dependent mechanisms. | 2005 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:16020752 |
Kim J et al. | Suppression of prostate tumor cell growth by stromal cell prostaglandin D synthase-derived products. | 2005 | Cancer Res. | pmid:16024620 |
Choi YH et al. | New anti-inflammatory formulation containing Synurus deltoides extract. | 2005 | Arch. Pharm. Res. | pmid:16114500 |
Kim KA et al. | 15d-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 modulates collagen type I synthesis in human hepatic stellate cells by inducing oxidative stress. | 2005 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:16098720 |
Chen C and Bazan NG | Lipid signaling: sleep, synaptic plasticity, and neuroprotection. | 2005 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:16099392 |
Tanaka T et al. | Therapeutic potential of thiazolidinediones in activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma for monocyte recruitment and endothelial regeneration. | 2005 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:15680279 |
Genovese T et al. | Effect of rosiglitazone and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 on bleomycin-induced lung injury. | 2005 | Eur. Respir. J. | pmid:15684285 |
Costello DA et al. | Agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma attenuate the Abeta-mediated impairment of LTP in the hippocampus in vitro. | 2005 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:15993441 |
Patel KM et al. | Differential modulation of COX-2 expression in A549 airway epithelial cells by structurally distinct PPAR(gamma) agonists: evidence for disparate functional effects which are independent of NF-(kappa)B and PPAR(gamma). | 2005 | Cell. Signal. | pmid:15993751 |
Zurich MG et al. | Unusual astrocyte reactivity caused by the food mycotoxin ochratoxin A in aggregating rat brain cell cultures. | 2005 | Neuroscience | pmid:15994020 |
Chacón P et al. | Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 expression by allergens in lymphocytes from allergic patients. | 2005 | Eur. J. Immunol. | pmid:15997464 |
Honma Y et al. | Prostaglandin D2 and prostaglandin E2 accelerate the recovery of cutaneous barrier disruption induced by mechanical scratching in mice. | 2005 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:16000196 |
Kim HJ et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta12,14-PGJ2 inhibits IL-6-induced Stat3 phosphorylation in lymphocytes. | 2005 | Exp. Mol. Med. | pmid:16000871 |
Atkins KB et al. | Effects of PPAR-gamma ligands on vascular smooth muscle marker expression in hypertensive and normal arteries. | 2005 | Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. | pmid:15345487 |
Burgess HA et al. | PPARgamma agonists inhibit TGF-beta induced pulmonary myofibroblast differentiation and collagen production: implications for therapy of lung fibrosis. | 2005 | Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. | pmid:15734787 |
Inoue K et al. | Effects of 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 on the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 and 2 in the murine lung in the presence of lipopolysaccharide. | 2005 | Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. | pmid:15743408 |