Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Welter H et al. | Partial loss of contractile marker proteins in human testicular peritubular cells in infertility patients. | 2013 | Andrology | pmid:23413143 |
Moreira V et al. | A catalytically-inactive snake venom Lys49 phospholipase Aâ‚‚ homolog induces expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and production of prostaglandins through selected signaling pathways in macrophages. | 2013 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:23416211 |
Heilmann S et al. | No genetic support for a contribution of prostaglandins to the aetiology of androgenetic alopecia. | 2013 | Br. J. Dermatol. | pmid:23448296 |
Kanda H et al. | COX-1-dependent prostaglandin D2 in microglia contributes to neuropathic pain via DP2 receptor in spinal neurons. | 2013 | Glia | pmid:23505121 |
Brose SA et al. | A fast one-step extraction and UPLC-MS/MS analysis for E2/D 2 series prostaglandins and isoprostanes. | 2013 | Lipids | pmid:23400687 |
Li H and Narahara H | 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) induces growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human endometrial cancer cell lines. | 2013 | Int. J. Mol. Med. | pmid:23403520 |
Murata T et al. | Anti-inflammatory role of PGD2 in acute lung inflammation and therapeutic application of its signal enhancement. | 2013 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:23479612 |
Jabr S et al. | Quantification of major urinary metabolites of PGE2 and PGD2 in cystic fibrosis: correlation with disease severity. | 2013 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:23791427 |
Rahman MS et al. | Cultured preadipocytes undergoing stable transfection with cyclooxygenase-1 in the antisense direction accelerate adipogenesis during the maturation phase of adipocytes. | 2013 | Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. | pmid:23817787 |
Aldrovandi M et al. | Human platelets generate phospholipid-esterified prostaglandins via cyclooxygenase-1 that are inhibited by low dose aspirin supplementation. | 2013 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:23883581 |
Fujishima H et al. | Chemotactic responses of peripheral blood eosinophils to prostaglandin D2 in atopic keratoconjunctivitis. | 2013 | Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. | pmid:23886231 |
Lu Y et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) modulates lipopolysaccharide-induced chemokine expression by blocking nuclear factor-κB activation via peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ-independent mechanism in renal tubular epithelial cells. | 2013 | Nephron Exp. Nephrol. | pmid:23887394 |
Takayama F et al. | Possible involvement of aiPLA2 in the phosphatidylserine-containing liposomes induced production of PGE2 and PGD2 in microglia. | 2013 | J. Neuroimmunol. | pmid:23850486 |
Nakagawa T et al. | A prostaglandin D2 metabolite is elevated in the urine of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients and increases further from 8 years old. | 2013 | Clin. Chim. Acta | pmid:23603101 |
Dave M and Amin AR | Yin-Yang regulation of prostaglandins and nitric oxide by PGD2 in human arthritis: reversal by celecoxib. | 2013 | Immunol. Lett. | pmid:23603366 |
Marcone S and Fitzgerald DJ | Proteomic identification of the candidate target proteins of 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2013 | Proteomics | pmid:23606334 |
Tasaki M et al. | Inhibition of antigen-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs by a selective antagonist of "chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells" (CRTH2). | 2013 | Eur J Pharm Sci | pmid:23624353 |
Taketomi Y et al. | Mast cell maturation is driven via a group III phospholipase A2-prostaglandin D2-DP1 receptor paracrine axis. | 2013 | Nat. Immunol. | pmid:23624557 |
Fernandez-Bustamante A et al. | Early increase in alveolar macrophage prostaglandin 15d-PGJ2 precedes neutrophil recruitment into lungs of cytokine-insufflated rats. | 2013 | Inflammation | pmid:23616184 |
Shyu RY et al. | H-rev107 regulates prostaglandin D2 synthase-mediated suppression of cellular invasion in testicular cancer cells. | 2013 | J. Biomed. Sci. | pmid:23687991 |
Hau CS et al. | Suppressive effects of antimycotics on thymic stromal lymphopoietin production in human keratinocytes. | 2013 | J. Dermatol. Sci. | pmid:23688403 |
Starkl P et al. | PLA2G3 promotes mast cell maturation and function. | 2013 | Nat. Immunol. | pmid:23685814 |
Sánchez-Gómez FJ et al. | Modulation of GSTP1-1 oligomerization by electrophilic inflammatory mediators and reactive drugs. | 2013 | Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets | pmid:23596995 |
Wappler EA et al. | Mitochondrial dynamics associated with oxygen-glucose deprivation in rat primary neuronal cultures. | 2013 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23658809 |
Krohn IK et al. | Mast cell FcϵRI density and function dissociate from dependence on soluble IgE concentration at very low and very high IgE concentrations. | 2013 | J Asthma | pmid:23294195 |
Lewis A et al. | Heterogeneity in the responses of human lung mast cells to stem cell factor. | 2013 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:23278880 |
Nozaki Y et al. | PPARγ ligand attenuates portal inflammation in the MRL-lpr mouse: a new strategy to restrain cholangiopathy in primary biliary cirrhosis. | 2013 | Med Mol Morphol | pmid:23397546 |
Carlson LM et al. | Low-dose aspirin delays an inflammatory tumor progression in vivo in a transgenic mouse model of neuroblastoma. | 2013 | Carcinogenesis | pmid:23349014 |
Doyle MC et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 inhibits IL-13 production in T cells via an NF-κB-dependent mechanism. | 2013 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:23333326 |
Kobayashi K et al. | Prostaglandin D2-DP signaling promotes endothelial barrier function via the cAMP/PKA/Tiam1/Rac1 pathway. | 2013 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:23307871 |
Xu F et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist 15d-prostaglandin J2 mediates neuronal autophagy after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. | 2013 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23372817 |
Sykes L et al. | The CRTH2 agonist Pyl A prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced fetal death but induces preterm labour. | 2013 | Immunology | pmid:23374103 |
Nelson AM et al. | Prostaglandin D2 inhibits wound-induced hair follicle neogenesis through the receptor, Gpr44. | 2013 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:23190891 |
Kaikkonen S et al. | Prostaglandin 15d-PGJ(2) inhibits androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer cells. | 2013 | Mol. Endocrinol. | pmid:23192983 |
Schmidt JA et al. | Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of AZD1981, an orally available selective DP2 antagonist in clinical development for asthma. | 2013 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:23146091 |
Aukema HM et al. | Dietary fish oil reduces glomerular injury and elevated renal hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid levels in the JCR:LA-cp rat, a model of the metabolic syndrome. | 2013 | Br. J. Nutr. | pmid:23151363 |
Frieri M et al. | Mast cell activation syndrome: a review. | 2013 | Curr Allergy Asthma Rep | pmid:23179866 |
Shashni B et al. | Glycolytic enzymes PGK1 and PKM2 as novel transcriptional targets of PPARγ in breast cancer pathophysiology. | 2013 | J Drug Target | pmid:23130662 |
Abraki SB et al. | Simultaneous inhibition of COX-2 and activation of PPAR-γ resulted in the same level and pattern of neuroprotection as they were targeted separately. | 2013 | J. Mol. Neurosci. | pmid:23132402 |
Shin J et al. | Negative control of mast cell degranulation and the anaphylactic response by the phosphatase lipin1. | 2013 | Eur. J. Immunol. | pmid:23065777 |
Zhao G et al. | Pivotal role of reactive oxygen species in differential regulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandins production in macrophages. | 2013 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:23071105 |
Philibert P et al. | Unilateral cryptorchidism in mice mutant for Ptgds. | 2013 | Hum. Mutat. | pmid:23076868 |
Kataoka N et al. | Indomethacin inhibits eosinophil migration to prostaglandin D2 : therapeutic potential of CRTH2 desensitization for eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. | 2013 | Immunology | pmid:23582181 |
Lu Y et al. | Anti-inflammatory activity of hexane extracts from bones and internal organs of Anguilla japonica suppresses cyclooxygenase-2-dependent prostaglandin Dâ‚‚ generation in mast cells and anaphylaxis in mice. | 2013 | Food Chem. Toxicol. | pmid:23562928 |
Sato A et al. | Synthesis and evaluation of 2,3-dinorprostaglandins: Dinor-PGD1 and 13-epi-dinor-PGD1 are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α/γ dual agonists. | 2013 | Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. | pmid:23566516 |
Lu Y et al. | Manassantin B isolated from Saururus chinensis inhibits cyclooxygenase-2-dependent prostaglandin D2 generation by blocking Fyn-mediated nuclear factor-kappaB and mitogen activated protein kinase pathways in bone marrow derived-mast cells. | 2013 | Biol. Pharm. Bull. | pmid:23719635 |
Yoo JM et al. | Inhibitory effect of N-Acyl dopamines on IgE-mediated allergic response in RBL-2H3 cells. | 2013 | Lipids | pmid:23377981 |
Buckner MM et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits macrophage colonization by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. | 2013 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23922794 |
Huisingh C and McGwin G | Change in prostaglandin expression levels and synthesizing activities. | 2013 | Ophthalmology | pmid:24001535 |
Rim TH et al. | Author reply: To PMID 22858125. | 2013 | Ophthalmology | pmid:24001536 |
Kaur R et al. | A phenotypic screening approach in cord blood-derived mast cells to identify anti-inflammatory compounds. | 2013 | J Biomol Screen | pmid:23983232 |
Liu H et al. | Prostaglandin D2 toxicity in primary neurons is mediated through its bioactive cyclopentenone metabolites. | 2013 | Neurotoxicology | pmid:23973622 |
Bogacka I et al. | The involvement of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) in prostaglandin F2α production by porcine endometrium. | 2013 | Reprod Biol | pmid:24287039 |
Mruwat R et al. | Phospholipase A2 in experimental allergic bronchitis: a lesson from mouse and rat models. | 2013 | PLoS ONE | pmid:24204651 |
Liu L et al. | Inhibition of oxidative stress-elicited AKT activation facilitates PPARγ agonist-mediated inhibition of stem cell character and tumor growth of liver cancer cells. | 2013 | PLoS ONE | pmid:24023668 |
Harizi H | The immunobiology of prostanoid receptor signaling in connecting innate and adaptive immunity. | 2013 | Biomed Res Int | pmid:24024207 |
Kim KH et al. | Nrf2 is essential for the expression of lipocalin-prostaglandin D synthase induced by prostaglandin D2. | 2013 | Free Radic. Biol. Med. | pmid:24029383 |
Endo S et al. | Rabbit 3-hydroxyhexobarbital dehydrogenase is a NADPH-preferring reductase with broad substrate specificity for ketosteroids, prostaglandin Dâ‚‚, and other endogenous and xenobiotic carbonyl compounds. | 2013 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:23994167 |
Quan GH et al. | Anti-allergic flavones from Arthraxon hispidus. | 2013 | Chem. Pharm. Bull. | pmid:23995356 |
Sharvit E et al. | Amplified inhibition of stellate cell activation pathways by PPAR-γ, RAR and RXR agonists. | 2013 | PLoS ONE | pmid:24098526 |
Alhouayek M et al. | Implication of the anti-inflammatory bioactive lipid prostaglandin D2-glycerol ester in the control of macrophage activation and inflammation by ABHD6. | 2013 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:24101490 |
Kuriyan AE et al. | Orbital fibroblasts from thyroid eye disease patients differ in proliferative and adipogenic responses depending on disease subtype. | 2013 | Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. | pmid:24135759 |
Fajt ML et al. | Prostaglandin Dâ‚‚ pathway upregulation: relation to asthma severity, control, and TH2 inflammation. | 2013 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:23506843 |
Cruse G et al. | A truncated splice-variant of the FcεRIβ receptor subunit is critical for microtubule formation and degranulation in mast cells. | 2013 | Immunity | pmid:23643722 |
Brose SA and Golovko MY | Eicosanoid post-mortem induction in kidney tissue is prevented by microwave irradiation. | 2013 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:24113545 |
Sayers BC et al. | Role of cyclooxygenase-2 in exacerbation of allergen-induced airway remodeling by multiwalled carbon nanotubes. | 2013 | Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. | pmid:23642096 |
Tan BS et al. | 6-Shogaol inhibits breast and colon cancer cell proliferation through activation of peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ). | 2013 | Cancer Lett. | pmid:23612072 |
Yaacob NS et al. | Influence of 17β-estradiol on 15-deoxy-δ12,14 prostaglandin J2 -induced apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. | 2013 | Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. | pmid:24377602 |
Chi Y et al. | [Effect of 15-deoxy-Δ(12), 14-prostaglandin J2 on the cytokines in the culture supernatant of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells]. | 2013 | Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi | pmid:24370048 |
Touitou V et al. | Sustained neuroprotection from a single intravitreal injection of PGJ2 in a rodent model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. | 2013 | Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. | pmid:24106118 |
Ramer R et al. | Induction but not inhibition of COX-2 confers human lung cancer cell apoptosis by celecoxib. | 2013 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:23943857 |
Penas F et al. | PPARγ ligand treatment inhibits cardiac inflammatory mediators induced by infection with different lethality strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. | 2013 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:22917565 |
Bolton C et al. | N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor involvement in central nervous system prostaglandin production during the relapse phase of chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (CR EAE). | 2013 | Fundam Clin Pharmacol | pmid:22742874 |
Kattamuri PV et al. | Asymmetric synthesis of novel N-(1-phenyl-2,3-dihydroxypropyl)arachidonylamides and evaluation of their anti-inflammatory activity. | 2013 | Life Sci. | pmid:22820546 |
Parson HK et al. | Role of prostaglandin D2 and the autonomic nervous system in niacin-induced flushing. | 2013 | J Diabetes | pmid:22727040 |
Wu D et al. | Novel biphasic role of resolvin D1 on expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated lung fibroblasts is partly through PI3K/AKT and ERK2 pathways. | 2013 | Mediators Inflamm. | pmid:24174713 |
Choi HG et al. | Inhibition of prostaglandin Dâ‚‚ production by trihydroxy fatty acids isolated from Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. | 2013 | Phytother Res | pmid:23147809 |
Idborg H et al. | Effects of mPGES-1 deletion on eicosanoid and fatty acid profiles in mice. | 2013 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:23916744 |
Tsubosaka Y et al. | A deficiency in the prostaglandin D2 receptor CRTH2 exacerbates adjuvant-induced joint inflammation. | 2014 | J. Immunol. | pmid:25362177 |
Korbecki J et al. | Cyclooxygenase pathways. | 2014 | Acta Biochim. Pol. | pmid:25343148 |
Miller NR et al. | Sustained neuroprotection from a single intravitreal injection of PGJâ‚‚ in a nonhuman primate model of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. | 2014 | Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. | pmid:25298416 |
Savinainen JR et al. | Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of the human lymphocyte antigen B-associated transcript 5 (BAT5/ABHD16A). | 2014 | PLoS ONE | pmid:25290914 |
Kuroyanagi G et al. | Suppression by resveratrol of prostaglandin D2-stimulated osteoprotegerin synthesis in osteoblasts. | 2014 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:24813642 |
Moon TC et al. | Expression of DP2 (CRTh2), a prostaglandin Dâ‚‚ receptor, in human mast cells. | 2014 | PLoS ONE | pmid:25268140 |
Afrin LB | Mast cell activation syndrome as a significant comorbidity in sickle cell disease. | 2014 | Am. J. Med. Sci. | pmid:25171546 |
Liu C et al. | 15d-PGJâ‚‚ decreases PGEâ‚‚ synthesis in HBx-positive liver cells by interfering EGR1 binding to mPGES-1 promoter. | 2014 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:25108236 |
GarcÃa-Bueno B et al. | Pro-/anti-inflammatory dysregulation in patients with first episode of psychosis: toward an integrative inflammatory hypothesis of schizophrenia. | 2014 | Schizophr Bull | pmid:23486748 |
Mello CF and Oliveira MS | Commentary on Kaushik et al.: Prostaglandin D2 is crucial for seizure suppression and postictal sleep. Novel evidence supporting a role for prostanoid receptors in seizure control. | 2014 | Exp. Neurol. | pmid:24814715 |
Casali CI et al. | Coordinate regulation between the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and cyclooxygenase-2 in renal epithelial cells. | 2014 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:24915420 |
Sturm EM et al. | Opposing roles of prostaglandin D2 receptors in ulcerative colitis. | 2014 | J. Immunol. | pmid:24929001 |
Steinke JW et al. | Aspirin activation of eosinophils and mast cells: implications in the pathogenesis of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. | 2014 | J. Immunol. | pmid:24890720 |
Iwanaga K et al. | Mast cell-derived prostaglandin D2 inhibits colitis and colitis-associated colon cancer in mice. | 2014 | Cancer Res. | pmid:24879565 |
Song Y et al. | [PPAR-γ agonist inhibits the expressions of chemokines induced by IFN-γ and TNF-α in renal tubular epithelial cells]. | 2014 | Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi | pmid:25001926 |
Shivers KY et al. | PACAP27 prevents Parkinson-like neuronal loss and motor deficits but not microglia activation induced by prostaglandin J2. | 2014 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:24970746 |
Kumar S et al. | Phaseolin: a 47.5kDa protein of red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plays a pivotal role in hypersensitivity induction. | 2014 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:24468678 |
Kang ES et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 prevents oxidative injury by upregulating the expression of aldose reductase in vascular smooth muscle cells. | 2014 | Free Radic. Res. | pmid:24180671 |
Pierron A et al. | PGJ2 restores RA sensitivity in melanoma cells by decreasing PRAME and EZH2. | 2014 | J. Dermatol. Sci. | pmid:24289988 |
Moniot B et al. | Prostaglandin D2 acts through the Dp2 receptor to influence male germ cell differentiation in the foetal mouse testis. | 2014 | Development | pmid:25142465 |
Xue L et al. | Prostaglandin D2 activates group 2 innate lymphoid cells through chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells. | 2014 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:24388011 |
Tachikawa M et al. | Pharmacological significance of prostaglandin E2 and D2 transport at the brain barriers. | 2014 | Adv. Pharmacol. | pmid:25307222 |