Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Kim SJ et al. | Effects of methyl gallate on arachidonic acid metabolizing enzymes: Cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2006 | Arch. Pharm. Res. | pmid:17121182 |
Berruyer C et al. | Vanin-1 licenses inflammatory mediator production by gut epithelial cells and controls colitis by antagonizing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma activity. | 2006 | J. Exp. Med. | pmid:17145956 |
Qu WM et al. | Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase produces prostaglandin D2 involved in regulation of physiological sleep. | 2006 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:17093043 |
Chaffer CL et al. | PPARgamma-independent induction of growth arrest and apoptosis in prostate and bladder carcinoma. | 2006 | BMC Cancer | pmid:16519808 |
Pérez S et al. | The 2-series prostaglandins suppress VLDL secretion in an inflammatory condition-dependent manner in primary rat hepatocytes. | 2006 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:16545597 |
Wise H | Lack of interaction between prostaglandin E2 receptor subtypes in regulating adenylyl cyclase activity in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion cells. | 2006 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:16545798 |
Wang XS et al. | Functional characterization of human mast cells cultured from adult peripheral blood. | 2006 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:16546715 |
Sawai H et al. | Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma decreases pancreatic cancer cell invasion through modulation of the plasminogen activator system. | 2006 | Mol. Cancer Res. | pmid:16547153 |
Fu YG et al. | Inhibition of gastric cancer cells associated angiogenesis by 15d-prostaglandin J2 through the downregulation of angiopoietin-1. | 2006 | Cancer Lett. | pmid:16412567 |
Wung BS et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) suppresses IL-6-induced STAT3 phosphorylation via electrophilic reactivity in endothelial cells. | 2006 | Life Sci. | pmid:16413037 |
Mathiesen JM et al. | On the mechanism of interaction of potent surmountable and insurmountable antagonists with the prostaglandin D2 receptor CRTH2. | 2006 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:16418339 |
Barreto EO et al. | High levels of filamentous actin and apoptosis correlate with mast cell refractoriness under alloxan-evoked diabetes. | 2006 | Life Sci. | pmid:16647092 |
Funovics P et al. | Effects of 15d-PGJ(2) on VEGF-induced angiogenic activities and expression of VEGF receptors in endothelial cells. | 2006 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:16647637 |
Jin MH et al. | Anti-inflammatory activity of Ailanthus altissima in ovalbumin-induced lung inflammation. | 2006 | Biol. Pharm. Bull. | pmid:16651713 |
Mohri I et al. | Prostaglandin D2-mediated microglia/astrocyte interaction enhances astrogliosis and demyelination in twitcher. | 2006 | J. Neurosci. | pmid:16624958 |
Hauser B et al. | Effects of 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin-J2 during hyperdynamic porcine endotoxemia. | 2006 | Intensive Care Med | pmid:16534570 |
Lee SJ et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and retinoic acid X receptor alpha represses the TGFbeta1 gene via PTEN-mediated p70 ribosomal S6 kinase-1 inhibition: role for Zf9 dephosphorylation. | 2006 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:16611854 |
Rockwell CE et al. | Interleukin-2 suppression by 2-arachidonyl glycerol is mediated through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma independently of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2. | 2006 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:16611855 |
Merwald H et al. | Induction of the 72-kilodalton heat shock protein and protection from ultraviolet B-induced cell death in human keratinocytes by repetitive exposure to heat shock or 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2. | 2006 | Cell Stress Chaperones | pmid:16572732 |
Sato TA and Mitchell MD | Preferential production of prostaglandin D2 by lipopolysaccharide stimulated human choriodecidual explants. | 2006 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:16380246 |
Arnold R and König W | Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists inhibit the release of proinflammatory cytokines from RSV-infected epithelial cells. | 2006 | Virology | pmid:16330064 |
Kohno S et al. | Inhibition of skin sclerosis by 15deoxy delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 and retrovirally transfected prostaglandin D synthase in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced scleroderma. | 2006 | Biomed. Pharmacother. | pmid:16337105 |
Xie Y et al. | Differentiation-dependent regulation of the cyclooxygenase cascade during adipogenesis suggests a complex role for prostaglandins. | 2006 | Diabetes Obes Metab | pmid:16367886 |
Ogburn KD et al. | Prostaglandin J2 reduces catechol-O-methyltransferase activity and enhances dopamine toxicity in neuronal cells. | 2006 | Neurobiol. Dis. | pmid:16406650 |
Lin TN et al. | 15d-prostaglandin J2 protects brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury. | 2006 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:16385084 |
Ding J et al. | Cyclooxygenase isozymes are expressed in human myeloma cells but not involved in anti-proliferative effect of cyclooxygenase inhibitors. | 2006 | Mol. Carcinog. | pmid:16385588 |
Landar A et al. | Interaction of electrophilic lipid oxidation products with mitochondria in endothelial cells and formation of reactive oxygen species. | 2006 | Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. | pmid:16387790 |
Na HK and Surh YJ | Transcriptional regulation via cysteine thiol modification: a novel molecular strategy for chemoprevention and cytoprotection. | 2006 | Mol. Carcinog. | pmid:16673384 |
BrazÃs P et al. | Dermal microdialysis in the dog: in vivo assessment of the effect of cyclosporin A on cutaneous histamine and prostaglandin D2 release. | 2006 | Vet. Dermatol. | pmid:16674731 |
Hickson-Bick DL et al. | The response of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes to lipopolysaccharide-induced stress. | 2006 | Shock | pmid:16680021 |
Son MJ et al. | Naturally occurring biflavonoid, ochnaflavone, inhibits cyclooxygenases-2 and 5-lipoxygenase in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2006 | Arch. Pharm. Res. | pmid:16681032 |
Wang WM et al. | [Effects of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma agonists on transforming growth factor-beta1 and Smads signal pathway: experiment with rat renal fibroblasts]. | 2006 | Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi | pmid:16681946 |
Sun K et al. | PPAR gamma inhibits growth of rat hepatic stellate cells and TGF beta-induced connective tissue growth factor expression. | 2006 | Acta Pharmacol. Sin. | pmid:16723090 |
Ou Z et al. | Neuronal expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) and 15d-prostaglandin J2--mediated protection of brain after experimental cerebral ischemia in rat. | 2006 | Brain Res. | pmid:16725118 |
Lee S et al. | Rosiglitazone ameliorates cisplatin-induced renal injury in mice. | 2006 | Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. | pmid:16728429 |
Rajasingh J and Bright JJ | 15-Deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 regulates leukemia inhibitory factor signaling through JAK-STAT pathway in mouse embryonic stem cells. | 2006 | Exp. Cell Res. | pmid:16737695 |
Wang Z et al. | Prostaglandin J2 alters pro-survival and pro-death gene expression patterns and 26 S proteasome assembly in human neuroblastoma cells. | 2006 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:16737963 |
Yasugi E et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands stimulate myeloid differentiation and lipogenensis in human leukemia NB4 cells. | 2006 | Dev. Growth Differ. | pmid:16573735 |
Cuzzocrea S | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and acute lung injury. | 2006 | Curr Opin Pharmacol | pmid:16580256 |
Brannan JD et al. | Inhibition of mast cell PGD2 release protects against mannitol-induced airway narrowing. | 2006 | Eur. Respir. J. | pmid:16707393 |
Bate C et al. | Prostaglandin D2 mediates neuronal damage by amyloid-beta or prions which activates microglial cells. | 2006 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:16289250 |
Bellows CF et al. | Modulation of macrophage nitric oxide production by prostaglandin D2. | 2006 | J. Surg. Res. | pmid:16289592 |
Helliwell RJ et al. | Gestational age-dependent up-regulation of prostaglandin D synthase (PGDS) and production of PGDS-derived antiinflammatory prostaglandins in human placenta. | 2006 | J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. | pmid:16291703 |
Stamatakis K et al. | Identification of novel protein targets for modification by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in mesangial cells reveals multiple interactions with the cytoskeleton. | 2006 | J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. | pmid:16291835 |
Landar A et al. | Induction of the permeability transition and cytochrome c release by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in mitochondria. | 2006 | Biochem. J. | pmid:16268779 |
Cesario RM et al. | Differentiation and growth inhibition mediated via the RXR:PPARgamma heterodimer in colon cancer. | 2006 | Cancer Lett. | pmid:16271436 |
Benkirane K et al. | PPAR-gamma inhibits ANG II-induced cell growth via SHIP2 and 4E-BP1. | 2006 | Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. | pmid:16155101 |
Zhang YF et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma is expressed by rat peritoneal mesothelial cells: its potential role in peritoneal cavity local defense. | 2006 | Am. J. Nephrol. | pmid:17183189 |
Fernández PL | [Stress and inflammatory bowell disease (I.B.D). Therapeutic strategies]. | 2006 | An R Acad Nac Med (Madr) | pmid:17172222 |
Tanaka H et al. | Polymer-assisted solution-phase synthesis and neurite-outgrowth-promoting activity of 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-PGJ2 derivatives. | 2006 | Chem Asian J | pmid:17441107 |
Núñez NP et al. | PPAR-gamma ligands and amino acid deprivation promote apoptosis of melanoma, prostate, and breast cancer cells. | 2006 | Cancer Lett. | pmid:15979236 |
Aquila S et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma is expressed by human spermatozoa: its potential role on the sperm physiology. | 2006 | J. Cell. Physiol. | pmid:16972250 |
Gayarre J et al. | Addition of electrophilic lipids to actin alters filament structure. | 2006 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:16979589 |
Siddhivarn C et al. | Prostaglandin D2 pathway and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-1 expression are induced by mechanical loading in an osteoblastic cell line. | 2006 | J. Periodont. Res. | pmid:16499711 |
Coyle AT and Kinsella BT | Synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists rosiglitazone and troglitazone suppress transcription by promoter 3 of the human thromboxane A2 receptor gene in human erythroleukemia cells. | 2006 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:16499875 |
Makino N et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands attenuate brain natriuretic peptide production and affect remodeling in cardiac fibroblasts in reoxygenation after hypoxia. | 2006 | Cell Biochem. Biophys. | pmid:16456235 |
Figarella K et al. | Prostaglandin-induced programmed cell death in Trypanosoma brucei involves oxidative stress. | 2006 | Cell Death Differ. | pmid:16456581 |
Belvisi MG et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists as therapy for chronic airway inflammation. | 2006 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:16458290 |
Rolin S et al. | Prostanoids as pharmacological targets in COPD and asthma. | 2006 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:16458293 |
Masuda H et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 attenuates development of cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in rats. | 2006 | Urology | pmid:16461118 |
Lee E et al. | Anti-asthmatic activity of an ethanol extract from Saururus chinensis. | 2006 | Biol. Pharm. Bull. | pmid:16462020 |
Raetz CR et al. | Kdo2-Lipid A of Escherichia coli, a defined endotoxin that activates macrophages via TLR-4. | 2006 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:16479018 |
Nakahata Y et al. | The in vitro real-time oscillation monitoring system identifies potential entrainment factors for circadian clocks. | 2006 | BMC Mol. Biol. | pmid:16483373 |
Damrongsri D et al. | Effects of Delta12-prostaglandin J2 on bone regeneration and growth factor expression in rats. | 2006 | Clin Oral Implants Res | pmid:16441784 |
Mesquita-Santos FP et al. | Cutting edge: prostaglandin D2 enhances leukotriene C4 synthesis by eosinophils during allergic inflammation: synergistic in vivo role of endogenous eotaxin. | 2006 | J. Immunol. | pmid:16424158 |
MartÃn AR et al. | The effects of resveratrol, a phytoalexin derived from red wines, on chronic inflammation induced in an experimentally induced colitis model. | 2006 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:16474422 |
Urade Y and Mohri I | [Sleep and brain function]. | 2006 | No To Hattatsu | pmid:16986732 |
Kim EH and Surh YJ | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 as a potential endogenous regulator of redox-sensitive transcription factors. | 2006 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:16987499 |
Diaz BL et al. | Group V secretory phospholipase A2 amplifies the induction of cyclooxygenase 2 and delayed prostaglandin D2 generation in mouse bone marrow culture-derived mast cells in a strain-dependent manner. | 2006 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:17064958 |
Qin S et al. | Protection of RPE cells from oxidative injury by 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 by augmenting GSH and activating MAPK. | 2006 | Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. | pmid:17065531 |
Gyles SL et al. | A dominant role for chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T helper type 2 (Th2) cells (CRTH2) in mediating chemotaxis of CRTH2+ CD4+ Th2 lymphocytes in response to mast cell supernatants. | 2006 | Immunology | pmid:17067313 |
Calabrò P et al. | Inhibition of tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha induced endothelial cell activation by a new class of PPAR-gamma agonists. An in vitro study showing receptor-independent effects. | 2005 Nov-Dec | J. Vasc. Res. | pmid:16155367 |
Marchini C et al. | Aspirin modulates LPS-induced nitric oxide release in rat glial cells. | 2005 Jun 10-17 | Neurosci. Lett. | pmid:15882795 |
Kim YS et al. | Distinct protective mechanisms of HO-1 and HO-2 against hydroperoxide-induced cytotoxicity. | 2005 | Free Radic. Biol. Med. | pmid:15589375 |
Almishri W et al. | Effects of prostaglandin D2, 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2, and selective DP1 and DP2 receptor agonists on pulmonary infiltration of eosinophils in Brown Norway rats. | 2005 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:15590767 |
Hwang J et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands regulate endothelial membrane superoxide production. | 2005 | Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. | pmid:15590897 |
López-Parra M et al. | The selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib modulates the formation of vasoconstrictor eicosanoids and activates PPARgamma. Influence of albumin. | 2005 | J. Hepatol. | pmid:15629510 |
Scher JU and Pillinger MH | 15d-PGJ2: the anti-inflammatory prostaglandin? | 2005 | Clin. Immunol. | pmid:15639643 |
Coyle AT et al. | 15-deoxy Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 suppresses transcription by promoter 3 of the human thromboxane A2 receptor gene through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in human erythroleukemia cells. | 2005 | FEBS J. | pmid:16156795 |
Chen WC et al. | Induction of apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells by peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma activation up-regulating PTEN and inhibiting PI3K activity. | 2005 | Chin. Med. J. | pmid:16157051 |
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Negoro H et al. | Endogenous prostaglandin D(2) synthesis decreases vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. | 2005 | Life Sci. | pmid:16154157 |
Gayarre J et al. | Differential selectivity of protein modification by the cyclopentenone prostaglandins PGA1 and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-PGJ2: role of glutathione. | 2005 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:16223487 |
Marone G et al. | Role of human mast cells and basophils in bronchial asthma. | 2005 | Adv. Immunol. | pmid:16227089 |
Fujishima H et al. | Prostaglandin D2 induces chemotaxis in eosinophils via its receptor CRTH2 and eosinophils may cause severe ocular inflammation in patients with allergic conjunctivitis. | 2005 | Cornea | pmid:16227827 |
Kobayashi Y et al. | Physiological levels of 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 prime eotaxin-induced chemotaxis on human eosinophils through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligation. | 2005 | J. Immunol. | pmid:16237065 |
Na HK et al. | ET-18-O-CH3-induced apoptosis is causally linked to COX-2 upregulation in H-ras transformed human breast epithelial cells. | 2005 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:16253239 |
Chen ZY and Tseng CC | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14 prostaglandin J2 up-regulates Kruppel-like factor 4 expression independently of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signal transduction pathway in HT-29 colon cancer cells. | 2005 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:16077033 |
Chevalier E et al. | Cutting edge: chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells plays a restricting role on IL-5 production and eosinophil recruitment. | 2005 | J. Immunol. | pmid:16081770 |
Polikandriotis JA et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands stimulate endothelial nitric oxide production through distinct peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-dependent mechanisms. | 2005 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:16020752 |
Kim J et al. | Suppression of prostate tumor cell growth by stromal cell prostaglandin D synthase-derived products. | 2005 | Cancer Res. | pmid:16024620 |
Choi YH et al. | New anti-inflammatory formulation containing Synurus deltoides extract. | 2005 | Arch. Pharm. Res. | pmid:16114500 |
Kim KA et al. | 15d-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 modulates collagen type I synthesis in human hepatic stellate cells by inducing oxidative stress. | 2005 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:16098720 |
Jerde TJ et al. | Celecoxib inhibits ureteral contractility and prostanoid release. | 2005 | Urology | pmid:15667901 |
Figarella K et al. | Prostaglandin D2 induces programmed cell death in Trypanosoma brucei bloodstream form. | 2005 | Cell Death Differ. | pmid:15678148 |
Tanaka T et al. | Therapeutic potential of thiazolidinediones in activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma for monocyte recruitment and endothelial regeneration. | 2005 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:15680279 |
Genovese T et al. | Effect of rosiglitazone and 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 on bleomycin-induced lung injury. | 2005 | Eur. Respir. J. | pmid:15684285 |
Gallant MA et al. | Production of prostaglandin D(2) by human osteoblasts and modulation of osteoprotegerin, RANKL, and cellular migration by DP and CRTH2 receptors. | 2005 | J. Bone Miner. Res. | pmid:15765187 |
Atkins KB et al. | Effects of PPAR-gamma ligands on vascular smooth muscle marker expression in hypertensive and normal arteries. | 2005 | Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. | pmid:15345487 |
Burgess HA et al. | PPARgamma agonists inhibit TGF-beta induced pulmonary myofibroblast differentiation and collagen production: implications for therapy of lung fibrosis. | 2005 | Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. | pmid:15734787 |