Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Moreira V et al. | A catalytically-inactive snake venom Lys49 phospholipase Aâ‚‚ homolog induces expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and production of prostaglandins through selected signaling pathways in macrophages. | 2013 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:23416211 |
Heilmann S et al. | No genetic support for a contribution of prostaglandins to the aetiology of androgenetic alopecia. | 2013 | Br. J. Dermatol. | pmid:23448296 |
Kanda H et al. | COX-1-dependent prostaglandin D2 in microglia contributes to neuropathic pain via DP2 receptor in spinal neurons. | 2013 | Glia | pmid:23505121 |
Brose SA et al. | A fast one-step extraction and UPLC-MS/MS analysis for E2/D 2 series prostaglandins and isoprostanes. | 2013 | Lipids | pmid:23400687 |
Li H and Narahara H | 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) induces growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human endometrial cancer cell lines. | 2013 | Int. J. Mol. Med. | pmid:23403520 |
Murata T et al. | Anti-inflammatory role of PGD2 in acute lung inflammation and therapeutic application of its signal enhancement. | 2013 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:23479612 |
Jabr S et al. | Quantification of major urinary metabolites of PGE2 and PGD2 in cystic fibrosis: correlation with disease severity. | 2013 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:23791427 |
Rahman MS et al. | Cultured preadipocytes undergoing stable transfection with cyclooxygenase-1 in the antisense direction accelerate adipogenesis during the maturation phase of adipocytes. | 2013 | Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. | pmid:23817787 |
Aldrovandi M et al. | Human platelets generate phospholipid-esterified prostaglandins via cyclooxygenase-1 that are inhibited by low dose aspirin supplementation. | 2013 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:23883581 |
Fujishima H et al. | Chemotactic responses of peripheral blood eosinophils to prostaglandin D2 in atopic keratoconjunctivitis. | 2013 | Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. | pmid:23886231 |
Lu Y et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) modulates lipopolysaccharide-induced chemokine expression by blocking nuclear factor-κB activation via peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ-independent mechanism in renal tubular epithelial cells. | 2013 | Nephron Exp. Nephrol. | pmid:23887394 |
Takayama F et al. | Possible involvement of aiPLA2 in the phosphatidylserine-containing liposomes induced production of PGE2 and PGD2 in microglia. | 2013 | J. Neuroimmunol. | pmid:23850486 |
Nakagawa T et al. | A prostaglandin D2 metabolite is elevated in the urine of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients and increases further from 8 years old. | 2013 | Clin. Chim. Acta | pmid:23603101 |
Dave M and Amin AR | Yin-Yang regulation of prostaglandins and nitric oxide by PGD2 in human arthritis: reversal by celecoxib. | 2013 | Immunol. Lett. | pmid:23603366 |
Marcone S and Fitzgerald DJ | Proteomic identification of the candidate target proteins of 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2013 | Proteomics | pmid:23606334 |
Tasaki M et al. | Inhibition of antigen-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs by a selective antagonist of "chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells" (CRTH2). | 2013 | Eur J Pharm Sci | pmid:23624353 |
Taketomi Y et al. | Mast cell maturation is driven via a group III phospholipase A2-prostaglandin D2-DP1 receptor paracrine axis. | 2013 | Nat. Immunol. | pmid:23624557 |
Fernandez-Bustamante A et al. | Early increase in alveolar macrophage prostaglandin 15d-PGJ2 precedes neutrophil recruitment into lungs of cytokine-insufflated rats. | 2013 | Inflammation | pmid:23616184 |
Lewis A et al. | Heterogeneity in the responses of human lung mast cells to stem cell factor. | 2013 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:23278880 |
Nozaki Y et al. | PPARγ ligand attenuates portal inflammation in the MRL-lpr mouse: a new strategy to restrain cholangiopathy in primary biliary cirrhosis. | 2013 | Med Mol Morphol | pmid:23397546 |
Carlson LM et al. | Low-dose aspirin delays an inflammatory tumor progression in vivo in a transgenic mouse model of neuroblastoma. | 2013 | Carcinogenesis | pmid:23349014 |
Doyle MC et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 inhibits IL-13 production in T cells via an NF-κB-dependent mechanism. | 2013 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:23333326 |
Kobayashi K et al. | Prostaglandin D2-DP signaling promotes endothelial barrier function via the cAMP/PKA/Tiam1/Rac1 pathway. | 2013 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:23307871 |
Xu F et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist 15d-prostaglandin J2 mediates neuronal autophagy after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. | 2013 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23372817 |
Sykes L et al. | The CRTH2 agonist Pyl A prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced fetal death but induces preterm labour. | 2013 | Immunology | pmid:23374103 |
Nelson AM et al. | Prostaglandin D2 inhibits wound-induced hair follicle neogenesis through the receptor, Gpr44. | 2013 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:23190891 |
Kaikkonen S et al. | Prostaglandin 15d-PGJ(2) inhibits androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer cells. | 2013 | Mol. Endocrinol. | pmid:23192983 |
Schmidt JA et al. | Biochemical and pharmacological characterization of AZD1981, an orally available selective DP2 antagonist in clinical development for asthma. | 2013 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:23146091 |
Aukema HM et al. | Dietary fish oil reduces glomerular injury and elevated renal hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid levels in the JCR:LA-cp rat, a model of the metabolic syndrome. | 2013 | Br. J. Nutr. | pmid:23151363 |
Frieri M et al. | Mast cell activation syndrome: a review. | 2013 | Curr Allergy Asthma Rep | pmid:23179866 |
Shashni B et al. | Glycolytic enzymes PGK1 and PKM2 as novel transcriptional targets of PPARγ in breast cancer pathophysiology. | 2013 | J Drug Target | pmid:23130662 |
Abraki SB et al. | Simultaneous inhibition of COX-2 and activation of PPAR-γ resulted in the same level and pattern of neuroprotection as they were targeted separately. | 2013 | J. Mol. Neurosci. | pmid:23132402 |
Shin J et al. | Negative control of mast cell degranulation and the anaphylactic response by the phosphatase lipin1. | 2013 | Eur. J. Immunol. | pmid:23065777 |
Yoo JM et al. | Inhibitory effect of N-Acyl dopamines on IgE-mediated allergic response in RBL-2H3 cells. | 2013 | Lipids | pmid:23377981 |
Buckner MM et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits macrophage colonization by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. | 2013 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23922794 |
Huisingh C and McGwin G | Change in prostaglandin expression levels and synthesizing activities. | 2013 | Ophthalmology | pmid:24001535 |
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Kaur R et al. | A phenotypic screening approach in cord blood-derived mast cells to identify anti-inflammatory compounds. | 2013 | J Biomol Screen | pmid:23983232 |
Liu H et al. | Prostaglandin D2 toxicity in primary neurons is mediated through its bioactive cyclopentenone metabolites. | 2013 | Neurotoxicology | pmid:23973622 |
Bogacka I et al. | The involvement of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) in prostaglandin F2α production by porcine endometrium. | 2013 | Reprod Biol | pmid:24287039 |
Mruwat R et al. | Phospholipase A2 in experimental allergic bronchitis: a lesson from mouse and rat models. | 2013 | PLoS ONE | pmid:24204651 |
Liu L et al. | Inhibition of oxidative stress-elicited AKT activation facilitates PPARγ agonist-mediated inhibition of stem cell character and tumor growth of liver cancer cells. | 2013 | PLoS ONE | pmid:24023668 |
Harizi H | The immunobiology of prostanoid receptor signaling in connecting innate and adaptive immunity. | 2013 | Biomed Res Int | pmid:24024207 |
Kim KH et al. | Nrf2 is essential for the expression of lipocalin-prostaglandin D synthase induced by prostaglandin D2. | 2013 | Free Radic. Biol. Med. | pmid:24029383 |
Endo S et al. | Rabbit 3-hydroxyhexobarbital dehydrogenase is a NADPH-preferring reductase with broad substrate specificity for ketosteroids, prostaglandin Dâ‚‚, and other endogenous and xenobiotic carbonyl compounds. | 2013 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:23994167 |
Fajt ML et al. | Prostaglandin Dâ‚‚ pathway upregulation: relation to asthma severity, control, and TH2 inflammation. | 2013 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:23506843 |
Cruse G et al. | A truncated splice-variant of the FcεRIβ receptor subunit is critical for microtubule formation and degranulation in mast cells. | 2013 | Immunity | pmid:23643722 |
Brose SA and Golovko MY | Eicosanoid post-mortem induction in kidney tissue is prevented by microwave irradiation. | 2013 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:24113545 |
Sayers BC et al. | Role of cyclooxygenase-2 in exacerbation of allergen-induced airway remodeling by multiwalled carbon nanotubes. | 2013 | Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. | pmid:23642096 |
Tan BS et al. | 6-Shogaol inhibits breast and colon cancer cell proliferation through activation of peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ). | 2013 | Cancer Lett. | pmid:23612072 |
Yaacob NS et al. | Influence of 17β-estradiol on 15-deoxy-δ12,14 prostaglandin J2 -induced apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. | 2013 | Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. | pmid:24377602 |
Chi Y et al. | [Effect of 15-deoxy-Δ(12), 14-prostaglandin J2 on the cytokines in the culture supernatant of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells]. | 2013 | Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi | pmid:24370048 |
Ramer R et al. | Induction but not inhibition of COX-2 confers human lung cancer cell apoptosis by celecoxib. | 2013 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:23943857 |
Penas F et al. | PPARγ ligand treatment inhibits cardiac inflammatory mediators induced by infection with different lethality strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. | 2013 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:22917565 |
Bolton C et al. | N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor involvement in central nervous system prostaglandin production during the relapse phase of chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (CR EAE). | 2013 | Fundam Clin Pharmacol | pmid:22742874 |
Kattamuri PV et al. | Asymmetric synthesis of novel N-(1-phenyl-2,3-dihydroxypropyl)arachidonylamides and evaluation of their anti-inflammatory activity. | 2013 | Life Sci. | pmid:22820546 |
Idborg H et al. | Effects of mPGES-1 deletion on eicosanoid and fatty acid profiles in mice. | 2013 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:23916744 |
Yang G et al. | Systemic PPARγ deletion impairs circadian rhythms of behavior and metabolism. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:22899986 |
Wang P et al. | The antagonistic actions of endogenous interleukin-1β and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 regulate the temporal synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in sheared chondrocytes. | 2012 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:22829602 |
Nicholson JD et al. | PGJ(2) provides prolonged CNS stroke protection by reducing white matter edema. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23284631 |
Xiao L et al. | Lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 mediates late-phase PGE2 production in bone marrow derived macrophages. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23226252 |
Sykes L et al. | Chemoattractant receptor homologous to the T helper 2 cell (CRTH2) is not expressed in human amniocytes and myocytes. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23226366 |
Yamaura K et al. | Repeated application of glucocorticoids exacerbate pruritus via inhibition of prostaglandin D2 production of mast cells in a murine model of allergic contact dermatitis. | 2012 | J Toxicol Sci | pmid:23208428 |
Pettipher R et al. | Pharmacologic profile of OC000459, a potent, selective, and orally active D prostanoid receptor 2 antagonist that inhibits mast cell-dependent activation of T helper 2 lymphocytes and eosinophils. | 2012 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:22106101 |
Bain G et al. | Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and safety of AM211: a novel and potent antagonist of the prostaglandin D2 receptor type 2. | 2012 | J Clin Pharmacol | pmid:22110163 |
Gates D et al. | Apo J/clusterin expression and secretion: evidence for 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-PGJ(2)-dependent mechanism. | 2012 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:22138303 |
Weng Y et al. | Prostaglandin metabolite induces inhibition of TRPA1 and channel-dependent nociception. | 2012 | Mol Pain | pmid:23013719 |
Ravindra KC et al. | Targeting of histone acetyltransferase p300 by cyclopentenone prostaglandin Δ(12)-PGJ(2) through covalent binding to Cys(1438). | 2012 | Chem. Res. Toxicol. | pmid:22141352 |
Maurer M and Church MK | Inflammatory skin responses induced by icatibant injection are mast cell mediated and attenuated by H(1)-antihistamines. | 2012 | Exp. Dermatol. | pmid:22142018 |
Fujimori K et al. | Prevention of paraquat-induced apoptosis in human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells by lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase. | 2012 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:22043816 |
Bardelli C et al. | Autocrine activation of human monocyte/macrophages by monocyte-derived microparticles and modulation by PPARγ ligands. | 2012 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:21745193 |
Higuchi S et al. | Involvement of Th2 cytokines in the mouse model of flutamide-induced acute liver injury. | 2012 | J Appl Toxicol | pmid:21735453 |
Pasvanis S et al. | High sodium butyrate levels induce MDR1 activation in colorectal cells: Impact of 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) on the resistance to saquinavir. | 2012 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:22293191 |
Li X et al. | Natural vanadium-containing Jeju groundwater inhibits immunoglobulin E-mediated anaphylactic reaction and suppresses eicosanoid generation and degranulation in bone marrow derived-mast cells. | 2012 | Biol. Pharm. Bull. | pmid:22293352 |
Xue L et al. | Leukotriene E4 activates human Th2 cells for exaggerated proinflammatory cytokine production in response to prostaglandin D2. | 2012 | J. Immunol. | pmid:22174450 |
He S et al. | Identification, organ expression and ligand-dependent expression levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). | 2012 | Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol. | pmid:22079418 |
Hogrefe C et al. | Single impact cartilage trauma and TNF-α: interactive effects do not increase early cell death and indicate the need for bi-/multidirectional therapeutic approaches. | 2012 | Int. J. Mol. Med. | pmid:22922824 |
Lee E et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J₂ modulates manganese-induced activation of the NF-κB, Nrf2, and PI3K pathways in astrocytes. | 2012 | Free Radic. Biol. Med. | pmid:22245093 |
Lee S et al. | Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase protein regulates glial cell migration and morphology through myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate: prostaglandin D2-independent effects. | 2012 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:22275363 |
Ledwidge MT et al. | In vivo impact of prodrug isosorbide-5-nicotinate-2-aspirinate on lipids and prostaglandin D2: is this a new immediate-release therapeutic option for niacin? | 2012 | Atherosclerosis | pmid:22326030 |
Baek K et al. | Myeloid Elf-1-like factor stimulates adipogenic differentiation through the induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression in bone marrow. | 2012 | J. Cell. Physiol. | pmid:22307523 |
MartÃnez AE et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 exerts pro- and anti-inflammatory effects in mesangial cells in a concentration-dependent manner. | 2012 | Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets | pmid:22309084 |
Fujita M et al. | Cytotoxicity of 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) through PPARγ-independent pathway and the involvement of the JNK and Akt pathway in renal cell carcinoma. | 2012 | Int J Med Sci | pmid:22991494 |
Ito H et al. | PGD2-CRTH2 pathway promotes tubulointerstitial fibrosis. | 2012 | J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. | pmid:22997255 |
Wu CC et al. | Involvement of the prostaglandin D2 signal pathway in retinoid-inducible gene 1 (RIG1)-mediated suppression of cell invasion in testis cancer cells. | 2012 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:22960220 |
Song HH et al. | Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effect of Agaricus blazei extract in bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2012 | Am. J. Chin. Med. | pmid:22928836 |
Tachikawa M et al. | A clearance system for prostaglandin D2, a sleep-promoting factor, in cerebrospinal fluid: role of the blood-cerebrospinal barrier transporters. | 2012 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:22931759 |
Joo M and Sadikot RT | PGD synthase and PGD2 in immune resposne. | 2012 | Mediators Inflamm. | pmid:22791937 |
Baudouin-Legros M et al. | Long-term CFTR inhibition modulates 15d-prostaglandin J2 in human pulmonary cells. | 2012 | Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. | pmid:22481026 |
Weng Z et al. | Quercetin is more effective than cromolyn in blocking human mast cell cytokine release and inhibits contact dermatitis and photosensitivity in humans. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:22470478 |
Takahashi G et al. | The potential role of prostaglandin D2 in nasal congestion observed in a guinea pig model of allergic rhinitis. | 2012 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:22472859 |
Abdo H et al. | The omega-6 fatty acid derivative 15-deoxy-Δ¹²,¹â´-prostaglandin J2 is involved in neuroprotection by enteric glial cells against oxidative stress. | 2012 | J. Physiol. (Lond.) | pmid:22473776 |
Ji Y et al. | Activation of rat intestinal mucosal mast cells by fat absorption. | 2012 | Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. | pmid:22461027 |
Kim SE et al. | 15-deoxy-Δ¹²,¹ⴠ-prostaglandin J₂ inhibits human immunodeficiency virus-1 tat-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/CCL2 production by blocking the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 signaling pathway independently of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and heme oxygenase-1 in rat hippocampal slices. | 2012 | J. Neurosci. Res. | pmid:22487967 |
Garza LA et al. | Prostaglandin D2 inhibits hair growth and is elevated in bald scalp of men with androgenetic alopecia. | 2012 | Sci Transl Med | pmid:22440736 |
Lin YC et al. | The glutathionylation of p65 modulates NF-κB activity in 15-deoxy-Δ¹²,¹â´-prostaglandin Jâ‚‚-treated endothelial cells. | 2012 | Free Radic. Biol. Med. | pmid:22387200 |
Carsin A et al. | [Physiopathology of aspirin intolerant asthma]. | 2012 | Rev Mal Respir | pmid:22405107 |
Song WL et al. | Niacin and biosynthesis of PGDâ‚‚by platelet COX-1 in mice and humans. | 2012 | J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:22406532 |
Nagata N and Urade Y | [Endogenous sleep-promoting substance]. | 2012 | Nippon Rinsho | pmid:22844810 |
Philipose S et al. | Laropiprant attenuates EP3 and TP prostanoid receptor-mediated thrombus formation. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:22870195 |