Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Fukushima M et al. | Prostaglandin D2, a potential antineoplastic agent. | 1982 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:6953969 |
Koshihara Y and Kawamura M | Prostaglandin D2 stimulates calcification of human osteoblastic cells. | 1989 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:2930558 |
Ashraf MM et al. | Type II phospholipase A2 is linked to cyclooxygenase-2-mediated delayed prostaglandin D2 generation by cultured mouse mast cells following FcepsilonRI- and cytokine-dependent activation. | 1996 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:8954964 |
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Jowsey IR et al. | Expression of the murine glutathione S-transferase alpha3 (GSTA3) subunit is markedly induced during adipocyte differentiation: activation of the GSTA3 gene promoter by the pro-adipogenic eicosanoid 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2003 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:14652005 |
Murakami M et al. | Group II phospholipase A2 inhibitors suppressed lysophosphatidylserine-dependent degranulation of rat peritoneal mast cells. | 1991 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:1721808 |
Fernández-Tome M et al. | p44/42(ERK1/2) MAPK and PLD activation by PGD2 preserves papillary phosphatidylcholine homeostasis. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:15249196 |
Inoue K et al. | Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in renal cell carcinoma and growth inhibition by its agonists. | 2001 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:11563856 |
Varma D et al. | Comparison of UHPLC and HPLC methods for the assay of prostanoids: "are the methods equivalent in terms of accuracy and precision?". | 2011 | Bioanalysis | pmid:21510759 |
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Beatty CH et al. | Metabolism of arachidonic acid by macaque platelets. Implications for studies on atherosclerosis. | 1985 | Atherosclerosis | pmid:3924062 |
Abbate R et al. | Decreased number of PGD2 binding sites on platelets from patients with type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia. | 1985 | Atherosclerosis | pmid:3857047 |
Nilsson J and Olsson AG | Prostaglandin E1 inhibits DNA synthesis in arterial smooth muscle cells stimulated with platelet-derived growth factor. | 1984 | Atherosclerosis | pmid:6093830 |
Chang MC et al. | Antiplatelet effect by p-cresol, a uremic and environmental toxicant, is related to inhibition of reactive oxygen species, ERK/p38 signaling and thromboxane A2 production. | 2011 | Atherosclerosis | pmid:21993412 |
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Meyers CD et al. | Nicotinic acid induces secretion of prostaglandin D2 in human macrophages: an in vitro model of the niacin flush. | 2007 | Atherosclerosis | pmid:16945375 |
Muhammad SN et al. | 15d-PGJ2 Induces Apoptosis of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 Cells via Increased Intracellular Calcium and Activation of Caspases, Independent of ERα and ERβ. | 2016 | Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. | pmid:27509924 |
Yaacob NS et al. | Influence of 17β-estradiol on 15-deoxy-δ12,14 prostaglandin J2 -induced apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. | 2013 | Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. | pmid:24377602 |
Arisawa M et al. | Suppressive effect of prostaglandin D2 on prolactin secretion from rat anterior pituitary. | 1985 | Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol | pmid:3860198 |
Arisawa M et al. | Direct suppressive effect of prostaglandin D2 on growth hormone secretion from rat anterior pituitary. | 1984 | Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol | pmid:6598030 |
Inoue K et al. | Effects of 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 on nuclear localization of GATA-3 in the murine lung in the presence of lipopolysaccharide. | 2005 | Arzneimittelforschung | pmid:15819389 |
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Misawa M and Kanai Y | Effect of the new antiallergic drug epinastine on chemical mediator induced bronchoconstrictions in guinea pigs. | 1991 | Arzneimittelforschung | pmid:1725697 |
Moulin D et al. | Rosiglitazone induces interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in interleukin-1beta-stimulated rat synovial fibroblasts via a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta-dependent mechanism. | 2005 | Arthritis Rheum. | pmid:15751073 |
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de Paulis A et al. | Human synovial mast cells. I. Ultrastructural in situ and in vitro immunologic characterization. | 1996 | Arthritis Rheum. | pmid:8670335 |
Maicas N et al. | Prostaglandin D2 regulates joint inflammation and destruction in murine collagen-induced arthritis. | 2012 | Arthritis Rheum. | pmid:21898357 |
Zayed N et al. | Inhibition of interleukin-1beta-induced matrix metalloproteinases 1 and 13 production in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes by prostaglandin D2. | 2008 | Arthritis Rheum. | pmid:18975308 |
Murakami Y et al. | Inhibition of monosodium urate monohydrate crystal-induced acute inflammation by retrovirally transfected prostaglandin D synthase. | 2003 | Arthritis Rheum. | pmid:14558100 |
Fahmi H et al. | Peroxisome proliferator--activated receptor gamma activators inhibit interleukin-1beta-induced nitric oxide and matrix metalloproteinase 13 production in human chondrocytes. | 2001 | Arthritis Rheum. | pmid:11263774 |
Jung SM et al. | Reduction of urate crystal-induced inflammation by root extracts from traditional oriental medicinal plants: elevation of prostaglandin D2 levels. | 2007 | Arthritis Res. Ther. | pmid:17612394 |
Ulivi V et al. | Anti-inflammatory activity of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol in human articular cartilage in vitro: activation of an anti-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathway. | 2011 | Arthritis Res. Ther. | pmid:21682897 |
Bianchi A et al. | Contrasting effects of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma agonists on membrane-associated prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 in IL-1beta-stimulated rat chondrocytes: evidence for PPARgamma-independent inhibition by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14prostaglandin J2. | 2005 | Arthritis Res. Ther. | pmid:16277686 |
Buga GM et al. | L-4F alters hyperlipidemic (but not healthy) mouse plasma to reduce platelet aggregation. | 2010 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:19965777 |
Kobayashi K et al. | Prostaglandin D2-DP signaling promotes endothelial barrier function via the cAMP/PKA/Tiam1/Rac1 pathway. | 2013 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:23307871 |
Jackson SM et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activators target human endothelial cells to inhibit leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction. | 1999 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:10479650 |
Hofnagel O et al. | Proinflammatory cytokines regulate LOX-1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. | 2004 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:15271788 |
Abe M et al. | GATA-6 is involved in PPARgamma-mediated activation of differentiated phenotype in human vascular smooth muscle cells. | 2003 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:12615657 |
King VL et al. | Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition with celecoxib decreases angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in mice. | 2006 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:16514081 |
Cipollone F et al. | Balance between PGD synthase and PGE synthase is a major determinant of atherosclerotic plaque instability in humans. | 2004 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:15155382 |
Calnek DS et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands increase release of nitric oxide from endothelial cells. | 2003 | Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. | pmid:12524224 |