Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Wang JP et al. | Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of magnolol. | 1992 | Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. | pmid:1336574 |
Kuchinke W et al. | A lung type prostaglandin F synthase is expressed in bovine liver: cDNA sequence and expression in E. coli. | 1992 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:1339268 |
Lippton HL et al. | Mechanisms of signal transduction for adenosine and ATP in pulmonary vascular bed. | 1992 | Am. J. Physiol. | pmid:1348400 |
Crea AE et al. | Mediator concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with mild asymptomatic bronchial asthma. | 1992 | Eur. Respir. J. | pmid:1348480 |
Shin MH et al. | The effect of azelastine on the early allergic response. | 1992 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:1349259 |
Mulkins MA et al. | Mycophenolic acid inhibits the degranulation of rat peritoneal mast cells. | 1992 | Cell. Immunol. | pmid:1349511 |
Campbell AM et al. | In vitro activation of bronchoalveolar lavage cells by house dust mite allergens. | 1992 | Ann Allergy | pmid:1371209 |
Mitsuoka S et al. | Inhibitory effect of prostaglandin delta 12-PGJ2 on cell proliferation and alpha-fetoprotein expression in HuH-7 human hepatoma cells. | 1992 | Prostaglandins | pmid:1371888 |
Yen A et al. | Protoporphyrin and long-wave ultraviolet light modulate metabolic events in rat peritoneal mast cells. | 1992 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:1372341 |
Stellato C et al. | Anti-inflammatory effect of cyclosporin A on human skin mast cells. | 1992 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:1373749 |
Morrow JD et al. | Identification of skin as a major site of prostaglandin D2 release following oral administration of niacin in humans. | 1992 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:1373750 |
Okayama Y et al. | Inhibition profiles of sodium cromoglycate and nedocromil sodium on mediator release from mast cells of human skin, lung, tonsil, adenoid and intestine. | 1992 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:1375128 |
Okayama Y and Church MK | Comparison of the modulatory effect of ketotifen, sodium cromoglycate, procaterol and salbutamol in human skin, lung and tonsil mast cells. | 1992 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:1375203 |
Smith JB et al. | Cyclic AMP does not inhibit collagen-induced platelet signal transduction. | 1992 | Biochem. J. | pmid:1375452 |
Ikai K et al. | Induction of 72-kD heat shock protein and cytoskeleton damage by cytotoxic prostaglandin delta 12-PGJ2 in transformed human epidermal cells in culture. | 1992 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:1375619 |
Virgolini I et al. | Characterization of prostaglandin (PG)-binding sites expressed on human basophils. Evidence for a prostaglandin E1, I2, and a D2 receptor. | 1992 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:1377673 |
Columbo M et al. | The human recombinant c-kit receptor ligand, rhSCF, induces mediator release from human cutaneous mast cells and enhances IgE-dependent mediator release from both skin mast cells and peripheral blood basophils. | 1992 | J. Immunol. | pmid:1378071 |
Goerg KJ et al. | Inhibition of neuronally mediated secretion in rat colonic mucosa by prostaglandin D2. | 1992 | Gastroenterology | pmid:1379954 |
Charlesworth EN et al. | Effect of H1 receptor blockade on the early and late response to cutaneous allergen challenge. | 1992 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:1382132 |
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Braun M and Schrör K | Prostaglandin D2 relaxes bovine coronary arteries by endothelium-dependent nitric oxide-mediated cGMP formation. | 1992 | Circ. Res. | pmid:1385004 |
Lin CH et al. | HA-29: an inhibitor of thromboxane A2 formation with antagonism of thromboxane A2/prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor in rabbit platelets. | 1992 | Thromb. Res. | pmid:1412184 |
Gaetani P et al. | Ex vivo release of eicosanoids after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a preliminary experience in humans. | 1992 | Acta Neurol. Scand. | pmid:1414230 |
Koizumi T et al. | Inhibitory effect of an intracellular glutathione on delta 12-prostaglandin J2-induced protein syntheses in porcine aortic endothelial cells. | 1992 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:1417983 |
King KL et al. | Metabolism of arachidonic acid by isolated rabbit ciliary epithelium. | 1992 | Exp. Eye Res. | pmid:1426059 |
Emery BE et al. | The effect of IL-4 on human nasal mucosal responses. | 1992 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:1430703 |
Fukushima M | Biological activities and mechanisms of action of PGJ2 and related compounds: an update. | 1992 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:1438462 |
Yuan Z et al. | Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-gamma ligands ameliorate experimental autoimmune myocarditis. | 2003 | Cardiovasc. Res. | pmid:14499870 |
Kim BE et al. | Cytochrome C-dependent Fas-independent apoptotic pathway in HeLa cells induced by delta12-prostaglandin J2. | 2003 | Exp. Mol. Med. | pmid:14508070 |
Placha W et al. | The effect of PPARgamma ligands on the proliferation and apoptosis of human melanoma cells. | 2003 | Melanoma Res. | pmid:14512786 |
Fukuchi K et al. | Apoptosis in human oral squamous cell carcinomas is induced by 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 but not by troglitazone. | 2003 | J. Dent. Res. | pmid:14514760 |
Józkowicz A et al. | Prostaglandin-J(2) upregulates expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 independently of activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. | 2003 | Acta Biochim. Pol. | pmid:14515149 |
Imaizumi T et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits the expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in endothelial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. | 2003 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:14518569 |
Mueller C et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands attenuate immunological symptoms of experimental allergic asthma. | 2003 | Arch. Biochem. Biophys. | pmid:14522590 |
Hammad H et al. | Prostaglandin D2 inhibits airway dendritic cell migration and function in steady state conditions by selective activation of the D prostanoid receptor 1. | 2003 | J. Immunol. | pmid:14530310 |
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Pérez-Sala D et al. | Molecular basis for the direct inhibition of AP-1 DNA binding by 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:14532268 |
Chung YW et al. | [Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist on Fas-mediated apoptosis in HT-29 cells]. | 2003 | Korean J Gastroenterol | pmid:14532729 |
Worley JR et al. | Metalloproteinase expression in PMA-stimulated THP-1 cells. Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR gamma) agonists and 9-cis-retinoic acid. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:14534304 |
Bernardo A et al. | 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 regulates the functional state and the survival of microglial cells through multiple molecular mechanisms. | 2003 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:14535956 |
Ianaro A et al. | 2-Cyclopenten-1-one and prostaglandin J2 reduce restenosis after balloon angioplasty in rats: role of NF-kappaB. | 2003 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:14550540 |
Caivano M et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 regulates endogenous Cot MAPK kinase kinase 1 activity induced by lipopolysaccharide. | 2003 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:14557273 |
Murakami Y et al. | Inhibition of monosodium urate monohydrate crystal-induced acute inflammation by retrovirally transfected prostaglandin D synthase. | 2003 | Arthritis Rheum. | pmid:14558100 |
Niyonsaba F et al. | Epithelial cell-derived antibacterial peptides human beta-defensins and cathelicidin: multifunctional activities on mast cells. | 2003 | Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy | pmid:14561157 |
Chen YX et al. | 15d-PGJ2 inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis of MCG-803 human gastric cancer cell line. | 2003 | World J. Gastroenterol. | pmid:14562367 |
Asada K et al. | Antiinflammatory roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in human alveolar macrophages. | 2004 | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | pmid:14563653 |
Gilroy DW et al. | Inducible cyclooxygenase-derived 15-deoxy(Delta)12-14PGJ2 brings about acute inflammatory resolution in rat pleurisy by inducing neutrophil and macrophage apoptosis. | 2003 | FASEB J. | pmid:14563690 |
Okano H et al. | 15-deoxy-delta-12-14-PGJ2 regulates apoptosis induction and nuclear factor-kappaB activation via a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-independent mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma. | 2003 | Lab. Invest. | pmid:14563954 |
Barrett KE | Effect of histamine and other mast cell mediators on T84 epithelial cells. | 1992 | Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. | pmid:1456653 |
Rangachari PK | Concerning prostaglandin D2: forgotten, promiscuous, capricious. | 1992 | Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. | pmid:1456655 |
Chung SW et al. | Inhibition of interleukin-4 production in CD4+ T cells by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligands: involvement of physical association between PPAR-gamma and the nuclear factor of activated T cells transcription factor. | 2003 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:14573767 |
Saito S et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 induces apoptosis through activation of the CHOP gene in HeLa cells. | 2003 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:14575689 |
Imaizumi T et al. | Effect of 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 on IL-1beta-induced expression of epithelial neutrophil-activating protein-78 in human endothelial cells. | 2003 | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:14580366 |
Ide T et al. | Activation of nuclear receptors by prostaglandins. | 2003 | Thromb. Res. | pmid:14592554 |
Yagami T et al. | Novel binding sites of 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in plasma membranes from primary rat cortical neurons. | 2003 | Exp. Cell Res. | pmid:14597421 |
Weber SM et al. | PPARgamma is not required for the inhibitory actions of PGJ2 on cytokine signaling in pancreatic beta-cells. | 2004 | Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. | pmid:14600076 |
Nencioni A et al. | Cyclopentenone prostaglandins induce lymphocyte apoptosis by activating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway independent of external death receptor signaling. | 2003 | J. Immunol. | pmid:14607914 |
Watanabe-Kohno S et al. | MCI-826 is a potent and selective antagonist of peptide leukotrienes (p-LTs) and has characteristics distinctive from those of FPL 55712. | 1992 | Jpn. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:1460800 |
Yoshimura R et al. | The effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligand on urological cancer cells. | 2003 | Int. J. Mol. Med. | pmid:14612958 |
Okano H et al. | The PPARgamma ligand, 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-PGJ2, regulates apoptosis-related protein expression in cholangio cell carcinoma cells. | 2003 | Int. J. Mol. Med. | pmid:14612959 |
Levonen AL et al. | Cellular mechanisms of redox cell signalling: role of cysteine modification in controlling antioxidant defences in response to electrophilic lipid oxidation products. | 2004 | Biochem. J. | pmid:14616092 |
Reddy RC et al. | Deactivation of murine alveolar macrophages by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands. | 2004 | Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. | pmid:14617516 |
Ajmone-Cat MA et al. | Prolonged exposure of microglia to lipopolysaccharide modifies the intracellular signaling pathways and selectively promotes prostaglandin E2 synthesis. | 2003 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:14622099 |
Lupi R et al. | Rosiglitazone prevents the impairment of human islet function induced by fatty acids: evidence for a role of PPARgamma2 in the modulation of insulin secretion. | 2004 | Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. | pmid:14625208 |
Baumgarten CR et al. | Bradykinin and other inflammatory mediators in BAL-fluid from patients with active pulmonary inflammation. | 1992 | Agents Actions Suppl. | pmid:1462881 |
Adachi H et al. | Molecular characterization of human and rat organic anion transporter OATP-D. | 2003 | Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. | pmid:14631946 |
Zamuner SR et al. | Cyclooxygenase 2 mediates post-inflammatory colonic secretory and barrier dysfunction. | 2003 | Gut | pmid:14633948 |
Shibata T et al. | An endogenous electrophile that modulates the regulatory mechanism of protein turnover: inhibitory effects of 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 on proteasome. | 2003 | Biochemistry | pmid:14636064 |
Villegas I et al. | A new flavonoid derivative, dosmalfate, attenuates the development of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in mice. | 2003 | Int. Immunopharmacol. | pmid:14636824 |
Inoue K et al. | Effect of 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 on acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice. | 2003 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:14642794 |
Reddy PS et al. | The synthesis and effects of prostaglandins on the ovary of the crab Oziotelphusa senex senex. | 2004 | Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. | pmid:14644642 |
Jowsey IR et al. | Expression of the murine glutathione S-transferase alpha3 (GSTA3) subunit is markedly induced during adipocyte differentiation: activation of the GSTA3 gene promoter by the pro-adipogenic eicosanoid 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2003 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:14652005 |
Hayashi N et al. | Antitumor effects of peroxisome proliferator activate receptor gamma ligands on anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. | 2004 | Int. J. Oncol. | pmid:14654945 |
Maddox JF et al. | 15-deoxy prostaglandin J2 enhances allyl alcohol-induced toxicity in rat hepatocytes. | 2004 | Toxicol. Sci. | pmid:14657518 |
Baek SJ et al. | Expression of NAG-1, a transforming growth factor-beta superfamily member, by troglitazone requires the early growth response gene EGR-1. | 2004 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:14662774 |
Zingarelli B et al. | Peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-gamma ligands, 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 and ciglitazone, reduce systemic inflammation in polymicrobial sepsis by modulation of signal transduction pathways. | 2003 | J. Immunol. | pmid:14662889 |
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Böhm E et al. | 11-Dehydro-thromboxane B2, a stable thromboxane metabolite, is a full agonist of chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells (CRTH2) in human eosinophils and basophils. | 2004 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:14668348 |
Johnston SL et al. | The effects of an oral thromboxane TP receptor antagonist BAY u 3405, on prostaglandin D2- and histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma, and relationship to plasma drug concentrations. | 1992 | Br J Clin Pharmacol | pmid:1467134 |
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Zhang X et al. | Unexpected sensitivity of synthetic Renilla luciferase control vectors to treatment with a cyclopentenone prostaglandin. | 2003 | BioTechniques | pmid:14682047 |
Hirai H | [Prostaglandin D2 in allergy: PGD2 has dual receptor systems]. | 2004 | Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi | pmid:14695454 |
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Miwa Y et al. | Physiology and pharmacology of the prostaglandin J2 family. | 2004 | Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi | pmid:14695456 |
Fernández-Tome M et al. | COX-2-mediated PGD2 synthesis regulates phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in rat renal papillary tissue. | 2004 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:14698037 |
Yuan ZY et al. | [Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-gamma ligands ameliorate autoimmune myocarditis associated with inhibition of T cell immunity]. | 2003 | Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi | pmid:14703419 |
Dong YG et al. | Effects of 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 on cell proliferation and apoptosis in ECV304 endothelial cells. | 2004 | Acta Pharmacol. Sin. | pmid:14704122 |
Genovese A et al. | Protein Fv produced during viral hepatitis is an endogenous immunoglobulin superantigen activating human heart mast cells. | 2003 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:14707465 |
Józkowicz A et al. | Opposite effects of prostaglandin-J2 on VEGF in normoxia and hypoxia: role of HIF-1. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:14715242 |
Neuhofer W et al. | Chronic COX-2 inhibition reduces medullary HSP70 expression and induces papillary apoptosis in dehydrated rats. | 2004 | Kidney Int. | pmid:14717913 |
Ward JE et al. | PPAR gamma ligands, 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 and rosiglitazone regulate human cultured airway smooth muscle proliferation through different mechanisms. | 2004 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:14718259 |
Brummond KM et al. | The first total synthesis of 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 and the unambiguous assignment of the C14 stereochemistry. | 2004 | Org. Lett. | pmid:14723515 |
Hashimoto T et al. | Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on experimental allergic conjunctivitis in Guinea pigs. | 2003 | J Ocul Pharmacol Ther | pmid:14733714 |
Matsuo T et al. | 15d-PGJ2 inhibits oxidized LDL-induced macrophage proliferation by inhibition of GM-CSF production via inactivation of NF-kappaB. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:14741709 |
Mix KS et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-independent repression of collagenase gene expression by 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9-dien-28-oic acid and prostaglandin 15-deoxy-delta(12,14) J2: a role for Smad signaling. | 2004 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:14742672 |
Kasim-Karakas SE et al. | Metabolic and endocrine effects of a polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich diet in polycystic ovary syndrome. | 2004 | J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. | pmid:14764771 |
Asami-Miyagishi R et al. | Expression and function of PPARgamma in rat placental development. | 2004 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:14766236 |
Zhang X et al. | Stress protein activation by the cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in human mesangial cells. | 2004 | Kidney Int. | pmid:14871400 |
Ueta M et al. | PPARgamma ligands attenuate mesangial contractile dysfunction in high glucose. | 2004 | Kidney Int. | pmid:14871416 |