Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Hayden RE et al. | Treatment of primary CLL cells with bezafibrate and medroxyprogesterone acetate induces apoptosis and represses the pro-proliferative signal of CD40-ligand, in part through increased 15dDelta12,14,PGJ2. | 2009 | Leukemia | pmid:18923439 |
Csanky E et al. | Lipid metabolite levels of prostaglandin D2 and eicosapentaenoic acid recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid correlate with lung function of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and controls. | 2009 | Electrophoresis | pmid:19294692 |
Kase K et al. | Inhibitory action of roxithromycin on histamine release and prostaglandin D2 production from beta-defensin 2-stimulated mast cells. | 2009 | Int. J. Mol. Med. | pmid:19212651 |
Ricart KC et al. | The permissive role of mitochondria in the induction of haem oxygenase-1 in endothelial cells. | 2009 | Biochem. J. | pmid:19161347 |
Lee DR et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) induces mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis through inhibition of PKA/NF-kappaB in renal proximal epithelial cells. | 2009 | Toxicology | pmid:19167456 |
Quarello E and Trabbia A | High-definition flow combined with spatiotemporal image correlation in the diagnosis of fetal coarctation of the aorta. | 2009 | Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol | pmid:19194864 |
Ishii T et al. | Pivotal role of mast cells in pruritogenesis in patients with myeloproliferative disorders. | 2009 | Blood | pmid:19196660 |
Passeron T et al. | Upregulation of SOX9 inhibits the growth of human and mouse melanomas and restores their sensitivity to retinoic acid. | 2009 | J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:19273910 |
Joo M et al. | Lipopolysaccharide-dependent interaction between PU.1 and c-Jun determines production of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase and prostaglandin D2 in macrophages. | 2009 | Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. | pmid:19181746 |
Gao W et al. | Prostaglandin D(2) sustains the pyrogenic effect of prostaglandin E(2). | 2009 | Eur. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:19249295 |
Wang Y et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists enhance lung maturation in a neonatal rat model. | 2009 | Pediatr. Res. | pmid:19262292 |
Yamamoto M et al. | Expression and characterization of PGD2 receptors in chronic rhinosinusitis: modulation of DP and CRTH2 by PGD2. | 2009 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:18802357 |
Pirianov G et al. | The cyclopentenone 15-deoxy-delta 12,14-prostaglandin J(2) delays lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm delivery and reduces mortality in the newborn mouse. | 2009 | Endocrinology | pmid:18845626 |
Tsuji T et al. | Reduction of nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression in methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity and neuroprotective effects of ibuprofen. | 2009 | Neurochem. Res. | pmid:18946735 |
Waku T et al. | Structural insight into PPARgamma activation through covalent modification with endogenous fatty acids. | 2009 | J. Mol. Biol. | pmid:18977231 |
O'Brien JJ et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta12,14 prostaglandin J2-induced heme oxygenase-1 in megakaryocytes regulates thrombopoiesis. | 2009 | J. Thromb. Haemost. | pmid:18983509 |
Kalantari P et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits HIV-1 transactivating protein, Tat, through covalent modification. | 2009 | FASEB J. | pmid:19299483 |
Mohri I et al. | Inhibition of prostaglandin D synthase suppresses muscular necrosis. | 2009 | Am. J. Pathol. | pmid:19359520 |
Moriai M et al. | Down-regulation of hTERT expression plays an important role in 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. | 2009 | Int. J. Oncol. | pmid:19360348 |
Boehme SA et al. | Murine bone marrow-derived mast cells express chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T-helper class 2 cells (CRTh2). | 2009 | Int. Immunol. | pmid:19346259 |
Iinuma K et al. | Involvement of Propionibacterium acnes in the augmentation of lipogenesis in hamster sebaceous glands in vivo and in vitro. | 2009 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:19282842 |
Ferguson HE et al. | Electrophilic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands have potent antifibrotic effects in human lung fibroblasts. | 2009 | Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. | pmid:19286977 |
Xue L et al. | Interaction between prostaglandin D and chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells mediates cytokine production by Th2 lymphocytes in response to activated mast cells. | 2009 | Clin. Exp. Immunol. | pmid:19220324 |
Ono E et al. | Increased production of cysteinyl leukotrienes and prostaglandin D2 during human anaphylaxis. | 2009 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:19128354 |
Cha B et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta 12, 14,-prostaglandin J2 suppresses nuclear factor-kappaB-mediated apoptosis of Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. | 2009 | Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. | pmid:19723089 |
Hokari R et al. | Increased expression and cellular localization of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis. | 2009 | J. Pathol. | pmid:19768745 |
Urade Y | [Molecular mechanisms of insomnia]. | 2009 | Nippon Rinsho | pmid:19768929 |
Ma XM et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma is essential in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma. | 2009 | World J. Gastroenterol. | pmid:19701967 |
Levy JH | Biomarkers in the diagnosis of anaphylaxis: making nature disclose her mysteries. | 2009 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:19032357 |
Boehme SA et al. | A small molecule CRTH2 antagonist inhibits FITC-induced allergic cutaneous inflammation. | 2009 | Int. Immunol. | pmid:19066314 |
Boehme SA et al. | Antagonism of CRTH2 ameliorates chronic epicutaneous sensitization-induced inflammation by multiple mechanisms. | 2009 | Int. Immunol. | pmid:19066315 |
Ding Q et al. | Identification of macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 in adipose tissue and its secretion as an adipokine by human adipocytes. | 2009 | Endocrinology | pmid:19074584 |
Schröder R et al. | The C-terminal tail of CRTH2 is a key molecular determinant that constrains Galphai and downstream signaling cascade activation. | 2009 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:19010788 |
Eichele K et al. | R(+)-methanandamide-induced apoptosis of human cervical carcinoma cells involves a cyclooxygenase-2-dependent pathway. | 2009 | Pharm. Res. | pmid:19015962 |
Gressner OA et al. | Elevated concentrations of 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in chronic liver disease propose therapeutic trials with peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma-inducing drugs. | 2009 | Liver Int. | pmid:19018984 |
Kobayashi M et al. | The antioxidant defense system Keap1-Nrf2 comprises a multiple sensing mechanism for responding to a wide range of chemical compounds. | 2009 | Mol. Cell. Biol. | pmid:19001094 |
Irikura D et al. | Biochemical, functional, and pharmacological characterization of AT-56, an orally active and selective inhibitor of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase. | 2009 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:19131342 |
Johansson S et al. | CC16 inhibits the migration of eosinophils towards the formyl peptide fMLF but not towards PGD2. | 2009 | Inflammation | pmid:19132521 |
Kim DH et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 upregulates the expression of heme oxygenase-1 and subsequently matrix metalloproteinase-1 in human breast cancer cells: possible roles of iron and ROS. | 2009 | Carcinogenesis | pmid:19136476 |
Di Francesco L et al. | Induction of prostacyclin by steady laminar shear stress suppresses tumor necrosis factor-alpha biosynthesis via heme oxygenase-1 in human endothelial cells. | 2009 | Circ. Res. | pmid:19122175 |
Wang WM et al. | PPAR-gamma agonists inhibit TGF-beta1-induced chemokine expression in human tubular epithelial cells. | 2009 | Acta Pharmacol. Sin. | pmid:19098936 |
Waku T et al. | Atomic structure of mutant PPARgamma LBD complexed with 15d-PGJ2: novel modulation mechanism of PPARgamma/RXRalpha function by covalently bound ligands. | 2009 | FEBS Lett. | pmid:19101554 |
Selg E et al. | Two different mechanisms for modulation of bronchoconstriction in guinea-pigs by cyclooxygenase metabolites. | 2009 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:19103301 |
Higdon AN et al. | Methods for imaging and detecting modification of proteins by reactive lipid species. | 2009 | Free Radic. Biol. Med. | pmid:19446632 |
Kar R et al. | A novel role for MAP1 LC3 in nonautophagic cytoplasmic vacuolation death of cancer cells. | 2009 | Oncogene | pmid:19448671 |
Zhang GY et al. | Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma inhibits transforming growth factor-beta1 induction of connective tissue growth factor and extracellular matrix in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts in vitro. | 2009 | Arch. Dermatol. Res. | pmid:19466435 |
Ulbrich SE et al. | Quantitative characterization of prostaglandins in the uterus of early pregnant cattle. | 2009 | Reproduction | pmid:19470711 |
Shichijo M et al. | A prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonist modifies experimental asthma in sheep. | 2009 | Clin. Exp. Allergy | pmid:19486034 |
Wang X et al. | Potential effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activator on LPS-induced lung injury in rats. | 2009 | Pulm Pharmacol Ther | pmid:19489131 |
Tokudome S et al. | Glucocorticoid protects rodent hearts from ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase-derived PGD2 biosynthesis. | 2009 | J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:19451694 |
Mickleborough TD et al. | Eicosapentaenoic acid is more effective than docosahexaenoic acid in inhibiting proinflammatory mediator production and transcription from LPS-induced human asthmatic alveolar macrophage cells. | 2009 | Clin Nutr | pmid:19054597 |
Arnaud LT et al. | Proteasome-caspase-cathepsin sequence leading to tau pathology induced by prostaglandin J2 in neuronal cells. | 2009 | J. Neurochem. | pmid:19457109 |
Olmos G et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin-J(2) reveals a new pVHL-independent, lysosomal-dependent mechanism of HIF-1alpha degradation. | 2009 | Cell. Mol. Life Sci. | pmid:19458911 |
Brechbuhl HM et al. | Select cyclopentenone prostaglandins trigger glutathione efflux and the role of ABCG2 transport. | 2009 | Free Radic. Biol. Med. | pmid:19520157 |
Ramji DP | Growth hormone-releasing peptides, CD36, and stimulation of cholesterol efflux: cyclooxygenase-2 is the link. | 2009 | Cardiovasc. Res. | pmid:19520704 |
Xue L et al. | Novel function of CRTH2 in preventing apoptosis of human Th2 cells through activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway. | 2009 | J. Immunol. | pmid:19494281 |
Yamamura K et al. | Intracellular protein phosphorylation in eosinophils and the functional relevance in cytokine production. | 2009 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:19494504 |
Chiba T et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 induces IL-8 and GM-CSF in a human airway epithelial cell line (NCI-H292). | 2009 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:19494510 |
Niki E | Lipid peroxidation: physiological levels and dual biological effects. | 2009 | Free Radic. Biol. Med. | pmid:19500666 |
Suk FM et al. | 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) inhibits fibrogenic response in human hepatoma cells. | 2009 | Toxicol. Lett. | pmid:19429239 |
Kansanen E et al. | Regulation of Nrf2-dependent gene expression by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2. | 2009 | Free Radic. Biol. Med. | pmid:19573595 |
Cocca C et al. | 15-Deoxi-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 is a tubulin-binding agent that destabilizes microtubules and induces mitotic arrest. | 2009 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:19576185 |
Thura M et al. | GIF-0173 protects against cerebral infarction through DP1 receptor activation. | 2009 | Exp. Neurol. | pmid:19576888 |
Bernardo A et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists promote differentiation and antioxidant defenses of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. | 2009 | J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. | pmid:19535992 |
Comabella M et al. | Plasma levels of 15d-PGJ are not altered in multiple sclerosis. | 2009 | Eur. J. Neurol. | pmid:19538219 |
Qin HD et al. | Upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and NADPH oxidases are involved in restenosis after balloon injury. | 2009 | J. Cell. Physiol. | pmid:19562688 |
Leduc M et al. | Functional selectivity of natural and synthetic prostaglandin EP4 receptor ligands. | 2009 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:19584306 |
Bai G et al. | Regulation of ANP secretion from isolated atria by prostaglandins and cyclooxygenase-2. | 2009 | Peptides | pmid:19539681 |
Gao W et al. | Prostaglandin D2 produced by hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase contributes to LPS-induced fever. | 2009 | J. Physiol. Pharmacol. | pmid:19617658 |
Butterfield JH | Survey of aspirin administration in systemic mastocytosis. | 2009 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:19429499 |
Moniot B et al. | The PGD2 pathway, independently of FGF9, amplifies SOX9 activity in Sertoli cells during male sexual differentiation. | 2009 | Development | pmid:19429785 |
Relic B et al. | Genistein induces adipogenesis but inhibits leptin induction in human synovial fibroblasts. | 2009 | Lab. Invest. | pmid:19434061 |
Jung WK et al. | The 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits LPS-stimulated AKT and NF-kappaB activation and suppresses interleukin-6 in osteoblast-like cells MC3T3E-1. | 2009 | Life Sci. | pmid:19409914 |
Strakhova MI et al. | In vitro and in vivo characterization of A-940894: a potent histamine H4 receptor antagonist with anti-inflammatory properties. | 2009 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:19413570 |
Bujold K et al. | CD36-mediated cholesterol efflux is associated with PPARgamma activation via a MAPK-dependent COX-2 pathway in macrophages. | 2009 | Cardiovasc. Res. | pmid:19377069 |
Mrabet-Dahbi S et al. | Murine mast cells secrete a unique profile of cytokines and prostaglandins in response to distinct TLR2 ligands. | 2009 | Exp. Dermatol. | pmid:19382314 |
Li H and Pauza CD | Effects of 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) and rosiglitazone on human gammadelta2 T cells. | 2009 | PLoS ONE | pmid:19888466 |
Landrier JF et al. | Adiponectin expression is induced by vitamin E via a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-dependent mechanism. | 2009 | Endocrinology | pmid:19833717 |
Lauring B et al. | Laropiprant in combination with extended-release niacin does not alter urine 11-dehydrothromboxane B2, a marker of in vivo platelet function, in healthy, hypercholesterolemic, and diabetic subjects. | 2009 | J Clin Pharmacol | pmid:19833861 |
Hironaka A et al. | 15-Deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) impairs the functions of histone acetyltransferases through their insolubilization in cells. | 2009 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:19799872 |
Ohinata K et al. | Complement C5a stimulates food intake via a prostaglandin D(2)- and neuropeptide Y-dependent mechanism in mice. | 2009 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:19800413 |
Tagen M et al. | Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 inhibits mast cell activation and reduces histamine content. | 2009 | J. Immunol. | pmid:19846869 |
Davies NJ et al. | AKR1C isoforms represent a novel cellular target for jasmonates alongside their mitochondrial-mediated effects. | 2009 | Cancer Res. | pmid:19487289 |
Khanim FL et al. | Combined bezafibrate and medroxyprogesterone acetate: potential novel therapy for acute myeloid leukaemia. | 2009 | PLoS ONE | pmid:19997560 |
Pustovrh MC et al. | MMP/ TIMP balance is modulated in vitro by 15dPGJ(2) in fetuses and placentas from diabetic rats. | 2009 | Eur. J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:19811527 |
Piprek RP | Genetic mechanisms underlying male sex determination in mammals. | 2009 | J. Appl. Genet. | pmid:19875885 |
Moreira V et al. | Effects of Bothrops asper snake venom on the expression of cyclooxygenases and production of prostaglandins by peritoneal leukocytes in vivo, and by isolated neutrophils and macrophages in vitro. | 2009 Feb-Mar | Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids | pmid:19155166 |
Kolaczkowska E et al. | Resident peritoneal macrophages and mast cells are important cellular sites of COX-1 and COX-2 activity during acute peritoneal inflammation. | 2009 Nov-Dec | Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. (Warsz.) | pmid:19885646 |
Lehmann GM et al. | Novel anti-adipogenic activity produced by human fibroblasts. | 2010 | Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. | pmid:20554910 |
Schuligoi R et al. | CRTH2 and D-type prostanoid receptor antagonists as novel therapeutic agents for inflammatory diseases. | 2010 | Pharmacology | pmid:20559016 |
Kaur S et al. | Induction of prostaglandin D2 through the p38 MAPK pathway is responsible for the antipruritic activity of sertaconazole nitrate. | 2010 | J. Invest. Dermatol. | pmid:20505747 |
Rodrigues WF et al. | 15d-PGJ(2) modulates acute immune responses to Trypanosoma cruzi infection. | 2010 | Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz | pmid:20428671 |
Zhang F et al. | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists suppress iNOS expression induced by LPS in rat primary Schwann cells. | 2010 | J. Neuroimmunol. | pmid:19942298 |
Zorrilla S et al. | Selective binding of the fluorescent dye 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma allows ligand identification and characterization. | 2010 | Anal. Biochem. | pmid:20025845 |
Pérez-Nievas BG et al. | Chronic immobilisation stress ameliorates clinical score and neuroinflammation in a MOG-induced EAE in Dark Agouti rats: mechanisms implicated. | 2010 | J Neuroinflammation | pmid:20929574 |
Cerrato S et al. | Effects of palmitoylethanolamide on immunologically induced histamine, PGD2 and TNFalpha release from canine skin mast cells. | 2010 | Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. | pmid:19625089 |
Morgenweck J et al. | Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in brain inhibits inflammatory pain, dorsal horn expression of Fos, and local edema. | 2010 | Neuropharmacology | pmid:19891980 |
Liu JY et al. | Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase enhances the anti-inflammatory effects of aspirin and 5-lipoxygenase activation protein inhibitor in a murine model. | 2010 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:19896470 |
Shimura C et al. | Dendritic cells express hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase and function as a source of prostaglandin D2 in the skin. | 2010 | Am. J. Pathol. | pmid:20008150 |
Yamaguchi S et al. | Delta12-prostaglandin J2 as a product and ligand of human serum albumin: formation of an unusual covalent adduct at His146. | 2010 | J. Am. Chem. Soc. | pmid:20014793 |