Pgd2 is a lipid of Fatty Acyls (FA) class. Pgd2 is associated with abnormalities such as Inflammatory disorder, Pleurisy, Rhinitis, Dehydration and Pneumonia. The involved functions are known as antagonists, fat cell differentiation, Phosphorylation, Process and Gene Expression. Pgd2 often locates in Cell surface, Body tissue, Extracellular, Bone Marrow and Membrane. The associated genes with PGD2 are oxytocin, 1-desamino-(O-Et-Tyr)(2)-, P4HTM gene, PTGS2 gene, PTGDS gene and IL3 gene. The related lipids are 15-deoxyprostaglandin J2, Nonesterified Fatty Acids, Lipopolysaccharides, Steroids and Liposomes. The related experimental models are Knock-out and Rodent Model.
To understand associated biological information of PGD2, we collected biological information of abnormalities, associated pathways, cellular/molecular locations, biological functions, related genes/proteins, lipids and common seen animal/experimental models with organized paragraphs from literatures.
PGD2 is suspected in Asthma, Dehydration, Allergic rhinitis NOS, Rhinitis, Infertility, Pneumonia and other diseases in descending order of the highest number of associated sentences.
Disease | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literature |
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We collected disease MeSH terms mapped to the references associated with PGD2
There are no associated biomedical information in the current reference collection.
Associated locations are in red color. Not associated locations are in black.
Location | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Function | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Lipid concept | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Gene | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Knock-out are used in the study 'Multiple roles of the prostaglandin D2 signaling pathway in reproduction.' (Rossitto M et al., 2015).
Rodent Model are used in the study 'PKA regulatory IIα subunit is essential for PGD2-mediated resolution of inflammation.' (Kong D et al., 2016).
Model | Cross reference | Weighted score | Related literatures |
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Authors | Title | Published | Journal | PubMed Link |
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Yang G et al. | Systemic PPARγ deletion impairs circadian rhythms of behavior and metabolism. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:22899986 |
Wang P et al. | The antagonistic actions of endogenous interleukin-1β and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 regulate the temporal synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in sheared chondrocytes. | 2012 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:22829602 |
Nicholson JD et al. | PGJ(2) provides prolonged CNS stroke protection by reducing white matter edema. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23284631 |
Xiao L et al. | Lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 mediates late-phase PGE2 production in bone marrow derived macrophages. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23226252 |
Sykes L et al. | Chemoattractant receptor homologous to the T helper 2 cell (CRTH2) is not expressed in human amniocytes and myocytes. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23226366 |
Yamaura K et al. | Repeated application of glucocorticoids exacerbate pruritus via inhibition of prostaglandin D2 production of mast cells in a murine model of allergic contact dermatitis. | 2012 | J Toxicol Sci | pmid:23208428 |
Wang Y et al. | Optimization of phenylacetic acid derivatives for CRTH2 and DP selective antagonism. | 2012 | Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. | pmid:22119474 |
Hossain MS et al. | Stable expression of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase in cultured preadipocytes impairs adipogenesis program independently of endogenous prostanoids. | 2012 | Exp. Cell Res. | pmid:22100987 |
Syeda PK et al. | A monoclonal antibody specific for Δ12-prostaglandin J2 and its utilization in the immunological assay in cell culture system of adipocytes. | 2012 | Hybridoma (Larchmt) | pmid:23098304 |
Weng Y et al. | Prostaglandin metabolite induces inhibition of TRPA1 and channel-dependent nociception. | 2012 | Mol Pain | pmid:23013719 |
Chae HS and Chin YW | Anti-allergic effect of lambertianic acid from Thuja orientalis in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2012 | Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol | pmid:21854102 |
Miyawaki T et al. | Combination of midazolam and a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-6 production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | 2012 | Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol | pmid:21854184 |
Maicas N et al. | Prostaglandin D2 regulates joint inflammation and destruction in murine collagen-induced arthritis. | 2012 | Arthritis Rheum. | pmid:21898357 |
Kanakasabai S et al. | PPARγ agonists promote oligodendrocyte differentiation of neural stem cells by modulating stemness and differentiation genes. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:23185633 |
Kaneko K et al. | Novel orexigenic pathway prostaglandin D2-NPY system--involvement in orally active orexigenic δ opioid peptide. | 2012 | Neuropeptides | pmid:23141054 |
Sedej M et al. | D-type prostanoid receptor enhances the signaling of chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T(H)2 cells. | 2012 | J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. | pmid:21930295 |
Springstead JR et al. | Evidence for the importance of OxPAPC interaction with cysteines in regulating endothelial cell function. | 2012 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:22550136 |
Xue L et al. | Leukotriene E4 activates human Th2 cells for exaggerated proinflammatory cytokine production in response to prostaglandin D2. | 2012 | J. Immunol. | pmid:22174450 |
He S et al. | Identification, organ expression and ligand-dependent expression levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). | 2012 | Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol. | pmid:22079418 |
Hogrefe C et al. | Single impact cartilage trauma and TNF-α: interactive effects do not increase early cell death and indicate the need for bi-/multidirectional therapeutic approaches. | 2012 | Int. J. Mol. Med. | pmid:22922824 |
Lee E et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J₂ modulates manganese-induced activation of the NF-κB, Nrf2, and PI3K pathways in astrocytes. | 2012 | Free Radic. Biol. Med. | pmid:22245093 |
Lee S et al. | Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase protein regulates glial cell migration and morphology through myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate: prostaglandin D2-independent effects. | 2012 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:22275363 |
Ledwidge MT et al. | In vivo impact of prodrug isosorbide-5-nicotinate-2-aspirinate on lipids and prostaglandin D2: is this a new immediate-release therapeutic option for niacin? | 2012 | Atherosclerosis | pmid:22326030 |
Baek K et al. | Myeloid Elf-1-like factor stimulates adipogenic differentiation through the induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression in bone marrow. | 2012 | J. Cell. Physiol. | pmid:22307523 |
MartÃnez AE et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 exerts pro- and anti-inflammatory effects in mesangial cells in a concentration-dependent manner. | 2012 | Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets | pmid:22309084 |
Fujita M et al. | Cytotoxicity of 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) through PPARγ-independent pathway and the involvement of the JNK and Akt pathway in renal cell carcinoma. | 2012 | Int J Med Sci | pmid:22991494 |
Ito H et al. | PGD2-CRTH2 pathway promotes tubulointerstitial fibrosis. | 2012 | J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. | pmid:22997255 |
Wu CC et al. | Involvement of the prostaglandin D2 signal pathway in retinoid-inducible gene 1 (RIG1)-mediated suppression of cell invasion in testis cancer cells. | 2012 | Biochim. Biophys. Acta | pmid:22960220 |
Song HH et al. | Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effect of Agaricus blazei extract in bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2012 | Am. J. Chin. Med. | pmid:22928836 |
Tachikawa M et al. | A clearance system for prostaglandin D2, a sleep-promoting factor, in cerebrospinal fluid: role of the blood-cerebrospinal barrier transporters. | 2012 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:22931759 |
Fredman G et al. | Self-limited versus delayed resolution of acute inflammation: temporal regulation of pro-resolving mediators and microRNA. | 2012 | Sci Rep | pmid:22957142 |
Matzkin ME et al. | Exploring the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)/15d-Δ(12,14)PGJ(2) system in hamster Sertoli cells: regulation by FSH/testosterone and relevance to glucose uptake. | 2012 | Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. | pmid:22974512 |
Myeku N et al. | cAMP stimulates the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway in rat spinal cord neurons. | 2012 | Neurosci. Lett. | pmid:22982149 |
Joo M and Sadikot RT | PGD synthase and PGD2 in immune resposne. | 2012 | Mediators Inflamm. | pmid:22791937 |
Baudouin-Legros M et al. | Long-term CFTR inhibition modulates 15d-prostaglandin J2 in human pulmonary cells. | 2012 | Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. | pmid:22481026 |
Weng Z et al. | Quercetin is more effective than cromolyn in blocking human mast cell cytokine release and inhibits contact dermatitis and photosensitivity in humans. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:22470478 |
Takahashi G et al. | The potential role of prostaglandin D2 in nasal congestion observed in a guinea pig model of allergic rhinitis. | 2012 | Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. | pmid:22472859 |
Abdo H et al. | The omega-6 fatty acid derivative 15-deoxy-Δ¹²,¹â´-prostaglandin J2 is involved in neuroprotection by enteric glial cells against oxidative stress. | 2012 | J. Physiol. (Lond.) | pmid:22473776 |
Ji Y et al. | Activation of rat intestinal mucosal mast cells by fat absorption. | 2012 | Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. | pmid:22461027 |
Kim SE et al. | 15-deoxy-Δ¹²,¹ⴠ-prostaglandin J₂ inhibits human immunodeficiency virus-1 tat-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/CCL2 production by blocking the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 signaling pathway independently of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and heme oxygenase-1 in rat hippocampal slices. | 2012 | J. Neurosci. Res. | pmid:22487967 |
Garza LA et al. | Prostaglandin D2 inhibits hair growth and is elevated in bald scalp of men with androgenetic alopecia. | 2012 | Sci Transl Med | pmid:22440736 |
Cloutier A et al. | The prostanoid 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin-j2 reduces lung inflammation and protects mice against lethal influenza infection. | 2012 | J. Infect. Dis. | pmid:22219346 |
Sykes L et al. | Changes in the Th1:Th2 cytokine bias in pregnancy and the effects of the anti-inflammatory cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2. | 2012 | Mediators Inflamm. | pmid:22690041 |
Raman P et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ¹²,¹â´-prostaglandin Jâ‚‚-glycerol, a putative metabolite of 2-arachidonyl glycerol and a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ ligand, modulates nuclear factor of activated T cells. | 2012 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:22700433 |
Cao DS et al. | Expression of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and its role in insulin release from rat pancreatic beta cells. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:22701540 |
Numazawa S et al. | Possible involvement of transient receptor potential channels in electrophile-induced insulin secretion from RINm5F cells. | 2012 | Biol. Pharm. Bull. | pmid:22382320 |
Lin YC et al. | The glutathionylation of p65 modulates NF-κB activity in 15-deoxy-Δ¹²,¹â´-prostaglandin Jâ‚‚-treated endothelial cells. | 2012 | Free Radic. Biol. Med. | pmid:22387200 |
Carsin A et al. | [Physiopathology of aspirin intolerant asthma]. | 2012 | Rev Mal Respir | pmid:22405107 |
Song WL et al. | Niacin and biosynthesis of PGDâ‚‚by platelet COX-1 in mice and humans. | 2012 | J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:22406532 |
Nagata N and Urade Y | [Endogenous sleep-promoting substance]. | 2012 | Nippon Rinsho | pmid:22844810 |
Philipose S et al. | Laropiprant attenuates EP3 and TP prostanoid receptor-mediated thrombus formation. | 2012 | PLoS ONE | pmid:22870195 |
Balzar S et al. | Mast cell phenotype, location, and activation in severe asthma. Data from the Severe Asthma Research Program. | 2011 | Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. | pmid:20813890 |
Mathurin K et al. | An interaction between L-prostaglandin D synthase and arrestin increases PGD2 production. | 2011 | J. Biol. Chem. | pmid:21112970 |
Wingard CJ et al. | Mast cells contribute to altered vascular reactivity and ischemia-reperfusion injury following cerium oxide nanoparticle instillation. | 2011 | Nanotoxicology | pmid:21043986 |
Joachim A and Ruttkowski B | Prostaglandin D(2) synthesis in Oesophagostomum dentatum is mediated by cytosolic glutathione S-transferase. | 2011 | Exp. Parasitol. | pmid:21056037 |
Lotz C et al. | Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ mediates the second window of anaesthetic-induced preconditioning. | 2011 | Exp. Physiol. | pmid:21123361 |
Tsujita T et al. | Nitro-fatty acids and cyclopentenone prostaglandins share strategies to activate the Keap1-Nrf2 system: a study using green fluorescent protein transgenic zebrafish. | 2011 | Genes Cells | pmid:21143560 |
Neri T et al. | Role of NF-kappaB and PPAR-gamma in lung inflammation induced by monocyte-derived microparticles. | 2011 | Eur. Respir. J. | pmid:21148223 |
Kumar VB et al. | Angiogenic effect of laminin involves modulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin levels. | 2011 | Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) | pmid:21148739 |
Kane CJ et al. | Protection of neurons and microglia against ethanol in a mouse model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonists. | 2011 | Brain Behav. Immun. | pmid:21376806 |
Arima M and Fukuda T | Prostaglandin Dâ‚‚ and T(H)2 inflammation in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. | 2011 | Korean J. Intern. Med. | pmid:21437156 |
MartÃnez-Gras I et al. | The anti-inflammatory prostaglandin 15d-PGJ2 and its nuclear receptor PPARgamma are decreased in schizophrenia. | 2011 | Schizophr. Res. | pmid:21334179 |
Chbicheb S et al. | EGR1 expression: a calcium and ERK1/2 mediated PPARγ-independent event involved in the antiproliferative effect of 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 and thiazolidinediones in breast cancer cells. | 2011 | Biochem. Pharmacol. | pmid:21338579 |
Braciale TJ and Kim TS | Slowing down with age: lung DCs do it too. | 2011 | J. Clin. Invest. | pmid:22105176 |
Qiu Z et al. | Cough reflex sensitivity and airway inflammation in patients with chronic cough due to non-acid gastro-oesophageal reflux. | 2011 | Respirology | pmid:21342332 |
Wang JJ and Mak OT | Induction of apoptosis by 15d-PGJ2 via ROS formation: an alternative pathway without PPARγ activation in non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cells. | 2011 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:21396480 |
Murata T et al. | Prostagladin D2 is a mast cell-derived antiangiogenic factor in lung carcinoma. | 2011 | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | pmid:22106279 |
Yamamoto Y et al. | Proteomic identification of protein targets for 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 in neuronal plasma membrane. | 2011 | PLoS ONE | pmid:21445266 |
Mackay GA and Stewart AG | R2D(2) for C(4)Eo: an 'alliance' of PGD(2) receptors is required for LTC(4) production by human eosinophils. | 2011 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:21426314 |
Huang ZL et al. | The role of adenosine in the regulation of sleep. | 2011 | Curr Top Med Chem | pmid:21401496 |
Osanai T and Okumura K | Lipocalin-type PGD synthase as a novel biomarker for coronary vasospasm. | 2011 | Circ. J. | pmid:21378446 |
Du H et al. | Inhibition of COX-2 expression by endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol is mediated via PPAR-γ. | 2011 | Br. J. Pharmacol. | pmid:21501147 |
Varma D et al. | Comparison of UHPLC and HPLC methods for the assay of prostanoids: "are the methods equivalent in terms of accuracy and precision?". | 2011 | Bioanalysis | pmid:21510759 |
Kamauchi S and Urade Y | [Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase inhibitors for the treatment of duchenne muscular dystrophy]. | 2011 | Brain Nerve | pmid:22068479 |
Raman P et al. | 15-Deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2-glycerol ester, a putative metabolite of 2-arachidonyl glycerol, activates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma. | 2011 | Mol. Pharmacol. | pmid:21511917 |
Leamy AW et al. | Curcumin ((E,E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione) activates and desensitizes the nociceptor ion channel TRPA1. | 2011 | Neurosci. Lett. | pmid:21855605 |
Lin TH et al. | 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14) -prostaglandin-J2 and ciglitazone inhibit TNF-α-induced matrix metalloproteinase 13 production via the antagonism of NF-κB activation in human synovial fibroblasts. | 2011 | J. Cell. Physiol. | pmid:21344384 |
Zheng S et al. | Novel biphasic role of LipoxinA(4) on expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated lung fibroblasts. | 2011 | Mediators Inflamm. | pmid:21765620 |
Hernandez JM and Janssen LJ | Thromboxane prostanoid receptor activation amplifies airway stretch-activated contractions assessed in perfused intact bovine bronchial segments. | 2011 | J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. | pmid:21768224 |
Tanaka A et al. | Mast cells function as an alternative modulator of adipogenesis through 15-deoxy-delta-12, 14-prostaglandin J2. | 2011 | Am. J. Physiol., Cell Physiol. | pmid:21865589 |
Hossain MS et al. | Development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Δ12-prostaglandin J2 and its application to the measurement of the endogenous product generated by cultured adipocytes during the maturation phase. | 2011 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:21237281 |
Aung G et al. | Catestatin, a neuroendocrine antimicrobial peptide, induces human mast cell migration, degranulation and production of cytokines and chemokines. | 2011 | Immunology | pmid:21214543 |
Hovsepian E et al. | Modulation of inflammatory response and parasitism by 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14) prostaglandin J(2) in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected cardiomyocytes. | 2011 | Int. J. Parasitol. | pmid:21215746 |
Lotz C et al. | Activation of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors α and γ mediates remote ischemic preconditioning against myocardial infarction in vivo. | 2011 | Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) | pmid:21163821 |
Charles RL et al. | Redox regulation of soluble epoxide hydrolase by 15-deoxy-delta-prostaglandin J2 controls coronary hypoxic vasodilation. | 2011 | Circ. Res. | pmid:21164107 |
Eguchi M et al. | Lipopolysaccharide induces proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in experimental otitis media through the prostaglandin D2 receptor (DP)-dependent pathway. | 2011 | Clin. Exp. Immunol. | pmid:21166666 |
Oh YC et al. | Anti-allergic effects of sinomenine by inhibition of prostaglandin Dâ‚‚ and leukotriene Câ‚„ in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. | 2011 | Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol | pmid:21080779 |
Cichocka-Jarosz E et al. | Serum tryptase level is a better predictor of systemic side effects than prostaglandin D2 metabolites during venom immunotherapy in children. | 2011 | J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol | pmid:21721371 |
Nabe T et al. | Inhibition of hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase improves allergic nasal blockage in guinea pigs. | 2011 | Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. | pmid:21601002 |
Joos H et al. | Single impact trauma in human early-stage osteoarthritic cartilage: implication of prostaglandin D2 but no additive effect of IL-1β on cell survival. | 2011 | Int. J. Mol. Med. | pmid:21567074 |
Shao Z et al. | Choroidal involution is a key component of oxygen-induced retinopathy. | 2011 | Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. | pmid:21546530 |
Ji Y et al. | Nutrient-induced inflammation in the intestine. | 2011 | Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care | pmid:21587069 |
Jakob S and Lovell-Badge R | Sex determination and the control of Sox9 expression in mammals. | 2011 | FEBS J. | pmid:21281448 |
Hardy KD et al. | Nonenzymatic free radical-catalyzed generation of 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J₂-like compounds (deoxy-J₂-isoprostanes) in vivo. | 2011 | J. Lipid Res. | pmid:20944061 |
Wang JJ and Mak OT | Induction of apoptosis in non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cells by PGDâ‚‚ metabolite, 15d-PGJâ‚‚. | 2011 | Cell Biol. Int. | pmid:21999315 |
Seno T et al. | 15-Deoxy-Δ¹²,¹ⴠprostaglandin J₂ reduces the formation of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. | 2011 | PLoS ONE | pmid:22003398 |
Matsushima Y et al. | Distinct roles of prostaglandin D2 receptors in chronic skin inflammation. | 2011 | Mol. Immunol. | pmid:21943706 |
Shinozawa T et al. | Tetranor PGDM analyses for the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: positive and simple diagnosis and evaluation of drug effect. | 2011 | Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | pmid:22027143 |
Chang MC et al. | Antiplatelet effect by p-cresol, a uremic and environmental toxicant, is related to inhibition of reactive oxygen species, ERK/p38 signaling and thromboxane A2 production. | 2011 | Atherosclerosis | pmid:21993412 |
Birbian N et al. | No association of PTGDR -441C/T polymorphism with asthma in a North Indian population. | 2011 | Dis. Markers | pmid:22182808 |